Research Study Stuff

Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study to identify any problematic areas in the planned study. This smaller study is known as a/an: - Abstract - Exploratory design - Pilot study - Proposal

- Pilot study

The research purpose should identify the study variable(s) and what other key aspect of the study? - Design - Measurement tools - Population - Statistics

- Population

In a study of patients experiencing arthritis, the researcher used real names in the field notes. Which human right was violated? - Fair treatment - Privacy - Protection from discomfort - Self-determination

- Privacy

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem? - Assumptions - Literature review - Methodology - Purpose

- Purpose

Internal validity would be of most concern in which of the following study designs? - Correlational - Descriptive - Exploratory - Quasi-experimental

- Quasi-experimental

Which of the following would be considered level 1 research evidence when evaluating evidence for the establishment of IV site care and maintenance for a medical-surgical unit? - Case study review of dressings used at a similar-sized hospital - Expert opinion of best dressings used in hospital settings - Quasi-experimental study evaluating types of dressing used at selected hospitals - Random clinical trial study conducted on types of dressings used in hospital settings

- Random clinical trial study conducted on types of dressings used in hospital settings

Which will help avoid the external validity of a study? - Hawthorne effect - Laboratory setting - Representativeness of the sample - Tight controls over all groups

- Representativeness of the sample

If a reviewer is asking, Is the problem significant and relevant to nursing? what part of the study is being critiqued? - Literature review - Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses - Research problem and purpose - Study framework

- Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses

If a researcher unobtrusively observes interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital for the purposes of data collection, which human right may be violated? - Confidentiality - Freedom from harm - Justice - Self-determination

- Self-determination

Apart from sample size, which of the following is typically not considered when determining the power of a study? - Sensitivity of the instruments used - Number of variables - Skill of the researcher - Data analysis techniques

- Skill of the researcher

If a reviewer is asking, Is it related to nursing's body of knowledge? what part of the study is being critiqued? - Literature review - Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses - Research problem and purpose - Study framework

- Study framework

Which of the following represents a primary source? - A compiled listing of articles related to the main topic of interest - A published summary of the relevant research in a clinical care area - A report of a study written by the researcher who did the study - A review of the current literature of an identified clinical problem

- A report of a study written by the researcher who did the study

A researcher explores the following question: Are there differences in energy expenditure between toileting in bed or out of bed in healthy adults and hospitalized patients? Which of the following is the independent variable? - Adult health status - Energy expenditure - Toileting in bed - Toileting out of bed

- Adult health status

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research? - Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology - Degree of aggressiveness used in acquiring the data - Process used to synthesize findings to form conclusions from a study - Time frame in which the research takes place

- Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology

The safeguard mechanism by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided is called: - Anonymity - Confidentiality - Informed consent - Right to privacy

- Anonymity

Which of the following questions relates to generalization? - Are the findings generally significant to people in the study? - Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings? - Does the degree of control in the study allow for statistical significance? - How many alternative explanations or rival hypotheses can be proposed?

- Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings?

Which of the following links most closely to middle range theory? - Basic research - Clinical practice - Conceptual models - Grand theories

- Clinical practice

As a nurse who identifies a need for improvement in patient care, what would you do first to establish a new evidence-based guideline for practice? - Conduct a thorough literature review - Enlist the support of affiliating physicians - Institute a research use project - Write the National Guideline Clearinghouse for information

- Conduct a thorough literature review

Which of the following types of studies would need the largest sample size? - Case studies - Descriptive studies - Experimental studies - Quasi-experimental studies

- Descriptive studies

Which of the following studies would not be considered nursing research? Conducted research involved in: - Assessing the knowledge base of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients - Development of innovative pin insertion techniques for fracture treatment - Evaluating the effectiveness of wound care in diabetic patients - Reviewing staff nurse retention policies in rural hospital settings

- Development of innovative pin insertion techniques for fracture treatment

A researcher explores the following question: Are there differences in energy expenditure between toileting in bed or out of bed in healthy adults and hospitalized patients? Which of the following is the dependent variable? - Adult health status - Energy expenditure - Hospitalized patients - Toileting method

- Energy expenditure

Correlational research has which of the following characteristics? Correlational research: - Can manipulate dependent variables - Can only be used to determine causality - Examines relationships between existing variables - Is always used to generate rather than test hypotheses

- Examines relationships between existing variables

A research problem is defined as a/an: - General area of concern requiring study - Intended or desired result of a specific action - Statement that specifically indicates the study focus - Topic of person interest

- General area of concern requiring study

Informed consent requires that a study subject has free power of choice regarding participation and: - General knowledge and comprehension of the study - Information on the study design - Psychological support from the researcher and staff - The right to direct his or her role in the study

- General knowledge and comprehension of the study

The methodology of outcomes research makes use of all but which of the following? - Economic theory - Epidemiology - Evaluation methods - Health policy

- Health policy

Which approach to generating knowledge is most represented by qualitative research? - Deductive logic - Inductive logic - Tradition - Trial and error

- Inductive logic

Subjects who volunteered to receive an experimental treatment for AIDS are educated about essential study information, assessed for understanding of this information, and asked to willingly participate in the research study. This process is referred to as: - Contractual agreement - Debriefing - Informed consent - Legal liability

- Informed consent

If a reviewer is asking Does the summary of the current empirical and theoretical knowledge provide a basis for the study? what part of the study is being critiqued? - Literature review - Research objectives, questions or hypotheses - Research problem and purpose - Study framework

- Literature review

One significant criterion to use when critiquing a literature review is to: - Count the number of references cited - Determine the value of the research study - Identify the facilities where cited research was conducted - Make note of the source of the articles cited

- Make note of the source of the articles cited

Which of the following is a necessary component of experimental design? - Attrition - Comparison of naturally occurring groups - Convenience sample - Manipulation of the independent variable

- Manipulation of the independent variable

One example of a research population with diminished autonomy (vulnerability) would be: - College students - Members of a senior citizen center - Mentally ill patients - Middle-aged women

- Mentally ill patients

Why do qualitative researchers need to be as concerned with sample size as quantitative researchers do? Qualitative researchers: - Are reaching the objectives of their study in a similar way - Need subjects who are able and willing to share their knowledge, oftentimes in repeated and more in-depth interviews than subjects in quantitative studies - Need to gain a narrow focus rather than a broad perspective as their research purpose - Will be analyzing the data with statistical techniques that require certain numbers of subjects

- Need subjects who are able and willing to share their knowledge, oftentimes in repeated and more in-depth interviews than subjects in quantitative studies

What type of definition is the following? CDD lymphocyte counts are the measure of immune function. - Conceptual - Operational - Physiological - Theoretical

- Operational

Which of the following methods would be most reasonable to use if a researcher is interested in finding out what it is like to live with a person who has a terminal illness? - Experimental methods - Forced-choice questionnaires - Phenomenological approach - Structured interviews

- Phenomenological approach

Which of the following statements describing the research purpose is true? - It is seldom possible to include all the necessary components of a research purpose within one sentence - The research statement is oftentimes disclosed with the discussion of the findings - The reader can determine the research purpose in most titles of research articles - The research purpose is revealed only after the foundation has been laid in the literature review

- The reader can determine the research purpose in most titles of research articles

In looking through the literature review of a published study, how would relevant literature be operationalized best? - The literature would all be in English so that the American reader can understand it - All the studies would have been conducted within the last 5 years - The references should give a meaningful picture of the research problem - The review will be broad to encompass all that is known about the research topic

- The references should give a meaningful picture of the research problem

The addition of the patient, family, and community as providers of care as well as the recipients of care to the theory of quality health care was important because: - Evaluating total care is important - Health has many different aspects - The theory is based on quality - They then align with nursing theories

- They then align with nursing theories

What is the main purpose of studying research for a BSN student? To: - Learn how to conduct a small research study - Learn how to generate new scientific knowledge to use in practice - Mentor associate-degree prepared nurses in research projects - Understand the basic principles of research

- Understand the basic principles of research

Which of the following represents the most concrete term? - Concept - Construct - Framework - Variable

- Variable

Which of the following is an example of purposive sampling? - The names of all possible subjects are put into a hat, and an adequate number are drawn out - Volunteers are solicited from the entire population, and those who agree become subjects in the study - Sample members are determined by finding a designated number of subjects from each of several identified groups (men, women, high school graduates, etc) - Subjects who have knowledge about the study topic are asked to participate in the study; those who agree become the sample

- Volunteers are solicited from the entire population, and those who agree become subjects in the study

A researcher is critiquing the published study of another researcher. Which of the following questions is not an appropriate question to ask when examining the study? - Can the study be replicated by other researchers? - Did the researchers use sound methodology? - Was the research problem significant? - What preparation did the researcher have to conduct the study?

- What preparation did the researcher have to conduct the study?

Which of the following questions might be asked by a qualitative researcher? (Choose all that apply.)

???