Respiration

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? Chemically bound to hemoglobin Dissolved in plasma As bicarbonate ion in plasma As carbon monoxide in plasma

Dissolved in plasma

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic. T/F

False

The epiglottis is a smooth muscle that covers the glottis during swallowing. T/F

False

What is ventilation-perfusion coupling? matching the amount of blood flow through the body to the amount of oxygen in the air sacs Matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries matching the amount of oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli to the exchange at the tissue level matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the amount that diffuses into the blood

Matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? the temperature molecular weight and size of the gas molecule solubility in water partial pressure gradient

Partial pressure gradient

Which of the following represents all of the processes involved in respiration in the correct order? Pulmonary ventilation; External respiration; Transport of respiratory gases; Internal respiration Pulmonary respiration; External ventilation; Internal ventilation; Transport of respiratory gases External respiration; Internal respiration; Transport of respiratory gases Pulmonary ventilation; External ventilation; Internal ventilation; Transport of respiratory gases

Pulmonary ventilation; External respiration; Transport of respiratory gases; Internal respiration

Which of the following is the most powerful respiratory stimulant? Low CO2 levels Rising CO2 levels Arterial pH Low oxygen levels

Rising CO2 levels

________, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing. Atmospheric pressure Intrapulmonary pressure Intrapleural pressure Transpulmonary pressure

Transpulmonary pressure

Although lung cancer is difficult to cure, it is highly preventable. T/F

True

Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal. T/F

True

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture. T/F

True

The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue). T/F

True

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall. T/F

True

Valsalva's maneuver involves closing off the glottis (preventing expiration) while contracting the muscles of expiration, causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. T/F

True

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts atria and alveolar sacs respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange? trachea primary bronchi alveoli terminal bronchioles

alveoli

1. Quiet inspiration is ____________, and quiet expiration is ______________. a passive process; an active process an active process; a passive process a passive process; also a passive process an active process; also an active process

an active process; a passive process

Which form of hypoxia reflects poor O2 delivery resulting from too few RBCs or from RBCs that contain abnormal or too little hemoglobin? Anemic hypoxia Ischemic (stagnant) hypoxia Hypoxemic hypoxia Histotoxic hypoxia

anemic hypoxia

What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is carried in blood? chemically bound to hemoglobin as a bicarbonate ion in plasma as carbonic acid in plasma dissolved in plasma

as a bicarbonate ion in plasma

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? as carbonic acid in the plasma chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin

as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? surfactant pseudostratified ciliated epithelium cartilage rings surface tension of water

cartilage rings

The _________________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways". epiglottis vestibular folds glottis larynx

epiglottis

The cartilaginous flap that closes the trachea during swallowing is called the ________.

epiglottis

Tidal volume is air ________. forcibly expelled after normal expiration exchanged during normal breathing inhaled after normal inspiration remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

exchanged during normal breathing

The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________. force with which air rushes across the vocal folds length of the vocal folds thickness of vestibular folds strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the intra-alveolar pressure. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere. less than the pressure in the atmosphere. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. negative pressure in the intrapleural space pressure within the pleural cavity pressure within the alveoli of the lungs difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Systemic venous blood that is to be oxygenated in the lungs is delivered by the ____________, and the ____________ provide oxygenated systemic blood to lung tissue. pulmonary arteries; bronchial arteries pleural arteries; pulmonary arteries bronchial arteries; pulmonary arteries pulmonary arteries; pleural arteries

pulmonary arteries; bronchial arteries

Which of the following processes are unique to the respiratory system? external and internal respiration pulmonary ventilation and internal respiration pulmonary ventilation and external respiration pulmonary ventilation and transport of respiratory gases

pulmonary ventilation and external respiration

The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________. surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone the smooth muscles of the lung

surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors? the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid the negative feedback of expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull of surface tension due to surfactant combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli the expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall

the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid

Which of the choices below is not a functional process performed by the respiratory system? pulmonary ventilation respiration transport of respiratory gases external respiration

transport of respiratory gases

What is the driving force behind pulmonary ventilation? muscle contraction air sac contraction volume changes of the thoracic cavity environmental stimuli

volume changes of the thoracic cavity