restorative art

post embalming treatments

- Feature modeling - Bleaching & masking of discolorations - External coloring Correction of buck teeth Parts attachment Hair replacement Correction of an unpreserved area Removal of scabs Excision of diseased or mutilated tissue Suturing incisions, lacerations or excesions Reduction of distensions Hypodermic tissue building Deep-wound preparation & filling Wax surfacing

restorative art

Care of the deceased to recreate natural form & color

pre embalming treatments

Corrective posturing of the eyes, mouth & cheeks Corrective alignment of the nose or lower jaw Sutures to hold muscles or flaps of skin in position Suturing clean cuts Resetting a dislocated fracture Supporting surface tissue when a bone is depressed Correction of a minor buck teeth problem Puncture of blisters

symmetry

Correspondence in size, shape, & relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face

temporal bones

Creates inferior portion of the sides & base of cranium Below parietal bones & is anterior to the occipital bone

mastoid process

Creates the posterior part if the temporal bone Larger on the males than females Lateral to the earlobe Serves as the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid

ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS BLANCK (NEGROID) RACE

Dark-pigmented people Africa, southern India Curly or kinky hair, long narrow head Low cranial vertex, broad flat nose Thick everted lips Dark eyes Recessive chin

LABORATORY PROCEDURES

Dr. Carest: Analyze the situation Excise & clear damage area Clean off bone fragments & foundation Start from known & work toward unknown Top or bottom Put puzzle together Dry, suture, and wax lacerations & avulsions Restore an missing features

frontal bone

Forms both forehead & anterior portion of the roof of the skull Forehead -extends from the eyesockets to the level of the 2 bony prominences

examples of major restoration

Full head of hair, sub-tissue surgery of a swollen neck, buck teeth, deep wound preparation, deep lacerations, reconstruction of multiple fractures, 3rd degree burns, skin slip, limb attachment

ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS WHITE (CAUCASOID) RACE

Light pigmented people Europe, north Africa, east Asia Various hair colors, straight, long or rounded head High cranial vertex, forehead is full or dome like Long narrow nose, thin lips, varied eye color

major restoration

Long period of time, extensive technical skill

OCCIPITAL BONE

Lowest part of the back & base of the skull, the brains cradle, large opening which permits entry of the spinal cord, used to restore decapitations

Examples of Minor restoration

Mis-aligned fracture, hypodermic tissue building, reduction of swelling, sub tissue surgery (mouth or eye), waxing, suturing cuts, bleaching & concealing discolorations, removal & restoration of fever sores & scabs

FORM OF THE NORMAL SKULL

Oval from 3 views front, lateral & crown Having the shape of an egg One end broader than the other - Each view must be observed for id of person

zygomatic arch

Part of the Squama Projects from the lower part of the squama Long, thin arched process which rises from the skull directly above the ear passage Extends anteriorly to the cheekbone, Determines the widest part of the face Immediately anteriorly to the cheek bones

mandibular fossa

Part of the Squama Small oval depression on the under surface of the temporal bone (zygomatic arch) Fits the condyle of the lower jaw Acts as a hinge for a jaw movement Dislocation of this articulation is possible as a correction treatment for buck teeth

Minor Restoration

Requires minimum effort, skill or time

permission for restoration

Secured from someone in authority before making incisions or excisions Necessary for major restorations Can be legally described as mutilation Not needed for those incurred in the preparation of remains Distention, leakage or tissue discoloration

SURFACE BONES OF THE CRANIUM

Six total bones of the cranium Occipital(1) Parietal(2) Temporal(2) Frontal(1)

PHYSIOGNOMY

The study of the face & features

squama

Vertical portion of bone, comprises anterior & superior part bone Structure is scale like, thin & translucent Severe impact usually causes swollen & discolored eyes

ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS YELLOW (MONGOLOID) RACE

Yellow pigmented people Mongols, manchus, chinese, japanese, koreans, siamese, tibetians, aslakans, Long, straight black hair, short broad head, High cranial vertex, wide cheekbnes Small nose, slanting eyes

Inclination

a line which is neither horizontal nor vertical

Posterior

butt side, refers to the position behind or toward the rear

Convex

curved evenly, resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere

Horizontal

cuts across the median plane at right angles

External Auditory Meatus

ear passage

Concave

exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface (a concavity)

PARIETAL BONES

measure the widest part of the cranium

Bilateral

refers to 2 sides

Inferior

refers to a position below or toward the feet

Medial

refers to a position closer to the median plane (midline)

Lateral

refers to a position farther away from the median plan

Depression

refers to a sunken(concave) area or part

Frontal

refers to anterior view of the face or features

asymmetry

refers to differences of paired features, 2 sides of a feature or both halves of the face

Plane

refers to surfaces having very little curvature

Recession

refers to the act of receding/moving backward to a more distant point

Anterior

refers to the front or forward part

Projection

refers to the jutting out of a part or structure in comparison with another structure or part

Norm

refers to the most common characteristics of each part of a feature or face

Profile

refers to the side of the human head

Prominence

refers to the state of standing forth as o be readily seen

Protrusion

refers to the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

female skull

skull is thinner & muscular ridges are less pronounced, skull is more rounded, facial bones are smoother while upper & lower jaws are smaller

Oblique

slanted or inclined is neither vertical nor horizontal

glabella

small, smooth elevation Lies between the superciliary arches and joins on to the other Lateral margins form a part of the orbital margins & converge medially as they decends to the nasal bones Prominent on some persons... root of nose appears relatively deep

Components of temporal bone

squama, External auditory meatus Zygomatic Arch Mandibibular fossa Mastoid processes

Median

vertical plane which divides the head into left & right sides (creates midline)