Retinopathy (Diabetic)

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Pathophysiology

Caused by changes in the small blood vessels in the retina. Leading cause of blindness - occurs with type 1 and 2 diabetes.

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Diagnostics

Direct visualization of the retina through dilated pupils by an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Nursing Interventions

Education on prevention through regular ophthalmologic exams and BG control. Adjustments for pt's with vision loss.

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Medical Management

Prevention through BG control. Control of HTN and smoking cessation.

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Risk Factors

Risk increases with the length of time a person has had diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia and HTN.

-DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- Signs and symptoms

Stage 1: Nonproliferative: macular edema - may lead to visual distortion and loss of central vision. Stage 2: Preproliferative: widespread vascular changes and loss of nerve fibers. Stage 3: Proliferative: production of new blood vessels and formation of scar tissue. New vessels prone to bleeding fibrous scar tissue - fraction on retina may cause hemorrhage or retinal detachment; subsequent loss of vision.