Review for Test 3

Assad and Juana believe it is important to reinforce their baby's curiosity and attempt to interact with her verbally. Assad and Juana believe that _____ is the major contributor to their child's development.

--

Regarding attitudes toward the economic meltdown, being fearful of further loss of personal savings reflects the ______ component of attitude.

affective

Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?

In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

confederate

The personality theorist who believed in the basic goodness of individuals and their natural tendency toward self-actualization was _____.

Abraham Maslow

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

Assimilation occurs when new information is _____.

absorbed into existing schemas

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

An archetype is a ________.

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro reflex

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.

When a typist changes from a conventional typewriter to a word processor, his typing schema will have to _____ to incorporate the new techniques needed for the new equipment.

accommodate

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

after he has received some exciting news

Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.

anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy

Explanations that we provide for the causes of behaviors or events are referred to as _______________.

attributions

_____ is the ability to understand that certain physical characteristics remain unchanged even when their outward appearance changes.

conservation

Kohlberg's second level of moral development, in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society, is called the:

conventional

Once an individual has accepted and internalized the rules and values of society, that person has advanced to the _____ level of moral development.

conventional

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

development of ovaries

A 4-year-old child is speaking on the phone with her grandmother, and instead of verbally responding to her grandmother's questions, she shakes and nods her head. This child is experiencing ____________.

egocentric thinking

According to Erikson's theory, the dominant crisis of adolescence concerns _____.

establishing an identity

According to Erickson, generativity in middle adulthood involves _____.

finding your life's work and contributing to the development of others

Forty-year-old Carl is very proud that he has the fastest car on the road and the finest house on the block, but feels lonely and isolated when he goes home to his family. Carl is likely to be in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

generativity vs. stagnation

Faulty decision making that is the result of a highly cohesive group striving for agreement to the point of avoiding inconsistent information is known as _____.

groupthink

According to Maslow, belonging and self-actualization are _____ needs, and will be satisfied after physiological and safety needs.

higher-level

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Research shows that ________; performance tends to suffer ________.

moderate arousal is generally best; when arousal is very high or very low

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

motor

During the _____ phase, pleasurable sensations peak and the body discharges its accumulated sexual tension in a burst of muscular contractions.

orgasm

According to Freud, if an individual's needs were _____ during a particular stage of development, that person would remain stuck at that stage.

overindulged or not met

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

overjustification

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Intrinsic motivation comes from _____.

personal satisfaction

The _____ principle asserts that the ego tries to meet the demands of the id, superego, and the realities of the environment.

reality

According to _____, cognitive processes, behavior, and context all interact to produce personality.

reciprocal determinism

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

refractory period

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

scapegoating

Ego identity is our ________.

sense of self

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

social loafing

Transgender hormone therapy is ________.

the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex

During the _____ stage of psychosocial development, individuals decide whether the world is good and satisfying, or painful and unrewarding. During the _____ stage, individuals develop a sense of competency or insecurity.

trust vs. mistrust; industry vs. inferiority

Mr. Polanski listens without judgment to his daughter's reasons for being late, then informs her that he disapproves of her behavior, and provides consequences. This is an example of _____.

unconditional positive regard