Review Guide
What song on the review is connected to Female Gaze?
"Everybody" - Backstreet Boys
What were the two Musical Responses to the LA riots/police brutality?
"F*ck da Police" - N.W.A = Parodying court proceedings, criticizing local police (LAPD) "Cop Killer" - Body Count = Not necessarily respond to Rodney King, but to bigger issue
What song was inspired by Parliament-Funkadelic's "Free your mind... and your ass will follow"?
"Free Your Mind" - En Vouge
What was the song on the review that is by the rolling stones that goes with anti-war?
"Gimme Shelter" - The Rolling Stones
What is the song on the review that is connected to Motown?
"My Girl" - The Temptations
What song on the review is connected with the Kent State Shooting?
"Ohio" - Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young
What song is connected to Dip Hop? (on review)
"Vendetta" -WaWa Snipes
What were the types of Music/Artists related to the Anti-War Movement?
(on review) - Urban Folk Revival - Bob Dylan - Creedence Clearwater Revival - Bruce Springsteen (not) 'Peter, Paul, & Mary' John Lennon & Yoko Ono Punk Rock Protest: Green Day
Who were the people/artists involved?
- African Americans seeking rights - Jubilee Quartets - Fisk Jubilee Singers - Thomas Dorsey - Mahalia Jackson - Abel Meeropol - Billy Holiday
Who were Peter, Paul, & Mary?
- American Folk Group - Peter Yarrow, Paul Stookey, Mary Travers - They preformed "If I Had a Hammer" @ 1963 March on Washington (This was the Largest political rally for human rights in US history; MLK's "I Have a Dream Speech")
What is Parliament-Funkadelic?
- American funk, soul and rock music collective headed by George Clinton. - Their style has been dubbed P-Funk.
What were the structural characteristics of Gospel?
- Blue notes - Syncopation - Variety of instruments: piano, drums, organ, guitar, bass, and vocals - Rhythmically intense - Repetition - Ensemble - Thick Texture
Who was Bob Dylan & what was the song on the review guide?
- Bob Dylan was an American singer, songwriter, and writer. - He was the primary figure in Urban Folk Revival - Social Unrest (peaceful protesting, non-violent resistance) SONG "The Times They Are a Changin" - Anthem for Anti-War and Civil Rights Movements
What is the Social Blend of Funk?
- Furthering agenda of Civil Rights -> integration - Incorporating rhetoric of Black Power Movement -> Black empowerment
Who was Bruce Springsteen? What was the song on the review?
- He was an American singer, song writer, humanitarian. - Americana, working class, folk-oriented "Born in the USA" - Criticism of the Vietnam War - Spoke about the treatment of the veterans upon returning from war, and how they are not being taken care of.
Who was Alan Freed and what genre of music was he connected to?
- Influential radio host during the beginning of rock n' roll - Performed radio and live stage performances - Became internationally known for promoting the mix of blues, country, and R&B music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll
What were the foundations of Soul?
- Late 1950's - Black Gospel + R&B - Social Movement: Love, Hope, Nonviolence, Empowerment
Who was Thomas Dorsey? What were the two songs on the review (who sang the second one)?
- Man who made what Gospel is today; "Father of Gospel Musics" - He took spirituals and hymns and gave it an up beat or rhythm - He was the first one to write and publish Gospel songs SONGS 1) "Precious Lord, Take My Hand" - Thomas Dorsey 2) "We Shall Overcome" - Thomas Dorsey - Popularized by Mahalia Jackson
Who were the temptations? What song is on the review?
- Motown model personified - 5 singers/dancers - Choreography, distinct harmonies, flashy (but tasteful) clothing - Greatly influenced future R&B & soul music "My Girl"
What was Woodstock?
- Music & Art Festival - Associated with counterculture
Who is Against Me! and which of their songs is on the review?
- Punk rock band from Gainesville - The lead singer, Laura Jane Grace, is a transgender woman - They released the song " Transgender Dysphoria Blues" after she came out as a transgender woman. - They song speaks about Gender Dysphoria: distress a person experiences as a result of the sex and gender they were assigned at birth
What are some Motown Characteristics?
- R&B, blues, & gospel + popular & classical Anglo American styles - Sophisticated, layered arrangements - R&B, jazz, & classical instrumentalists - Complex rhythms - Call-and-response - Clean-cut (sound and visual) - Simple lyrics & melodies
What is Race Records?
- Records marketed to African Americans between the 1920s and 1940s. - They primarily contained race music, comprising various African-American musical genres, including blues, jazz, and gospel music, and R&B. - These records were, at the time, the majority of commercial recordings of African-American artists in the US. - Young, white audences soon began to purchase. - Term "race records" was abandoned in 1949.
Who was George Clinton?
- Singer, songwriter, producer - Founding Father of Funk, Godfather is James Brown - Bandleader of Parliament-Funkadelic Collective - Heavily influenced rap and hip hop -> sampling - Still performs today
What is the Music Bled of Funk?
- Soul+ R&B + Jazz + Psychedelic rock - Electric instruments - Groove (emphasizes downbeat) - Horn section - Hammond organ
What is the P-Funk Musical Style?
- Synthesizer melody on keyboard - Classical/piano/blues piano - Jazz horn section - Electric bass and guitar - Unobtrusive drumming - Multitrack recordings (lots of layers) - Extended jams
What is Neurodiversity?
- The concept that There is no 'normal' or 'right' style of human brain or human mind, any more than there is one 'normal' or 'right' ethnicity, gender, or culture - Form of identity; minority identity
Why is the song "Same Love" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis ft. Mary Lambert important?
- The song was recorded during the campaign for Washington Referendum 74: the legalization of same sex marriage in Washington State. - It became the unofficial anthem for same-sex marriage movement - The song critizes homophobia in hip-hop; Issues of Representation - It samples Mary Lambert's song "She keeps me Warm" & this formed a gay - straight alliance - Macklemore got criticized because he was white and straight
Who was the Counterculture?
- Young - White - "Hippies" - Middle Class - Involved in Social Movements - Listened to Rock Music - Some important aspects: Their fashion, jargon, fads, beliefs, social behaviors, and politics. - "Drug Culture"
What were the musical characteristics of Urban Folk Revival?
1) Began with Anglo-Saxon musical traditions 2) Simple, memorable melodies 3) Vocals 4) Guitar 5) Harmony 6) Varied texture 7) Clapping, stomping (participatory)
What were the institutions related to the Civil Rights Movement?
1) Church as a site of resistance - Not just sacred function, but a social building block: community centers, schools, and shelter for visitors and those in need - Where MLK made his speeches 2) Organizing protests, rallies, and marches while promoting community, Christian teachings, and non-violence
What were the Gospel Foundations?
1) Jubilee Quartets 2) Tabernacle Songs of Reverend C. Albert Tindley - American Methodist minister and gospel music composer - Single themed, call-and-response, designed to be sung in church 3) Pentecostal Revival - Freedom of expression, multiple instruments, shout songs, witness rituals, free improvisation - Pentecostalism: emphasis on direct and personal relationship with God and experience with the Holy Spirit
What were the themes of Urban Folk Revival?
1) Variety of genres 2) Grassroots 3) Activism 4) Counterculture 5) Story telling 6) Dance 7) Dominated by amateur musicans 8) Communal
What are some examples of LGBT Discrimination in the 1950's and 1960's?
1950's: Cold War & the fear of communism, Homosexuals were viewed as threat to national security 1952: American Psychiatric Association listed homosexuality in the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual as a mental disorder 1950's and 1960's: Known homosexuals were blacklisted, fired from jobs, discharged from military, and arrested
What was the Kent State Shootings?
1970 - Students were protesting the Cambodian Campaign (Vietnam War) - Tear Gas was used - There were shots fired; 55 rounds in 13 seconds - Police killed 4 students - only 2 were involved in the protest, the other two were walking to class
What were the consequences of the LA riots?
50 people died; 2,000 injured. - Reginald Denny: white truck driver who was nearly beaten to death during riots
What is the Parents Music Resource Center?
A group that is responsible for the censorship for the music that their kids listen to. - "Parental Advisory" Stickers
What is Communitas?
A possible collective state achieved through rituals where all personal differences of class, status, age, gender, and other personal distinctions are stripped away allowing people to temporarily merge through their basic humanity
Who is Darlene Love?
Backgroud singer shown in 20 Feet From Stardom
Who is Judith Hill?
Backgroud singer shown in 20 Feet From Stardom
Who is Lisa Fischer?
Backgroud singer shown in 20 Feet From Stardom
Who is Táta Vega?
Backgroud singer shown in 20 Feet From Stardom
Who is Merry Clayton?
Background vocal work on Rolling Stones' single "Gimme Shelter - Backgroud singer shown in 20 Feet From Stardom
Who was the first artist to record for Motown?
Barrett Strong - best known for songwriter - wrote many songs for the Temptations
What is an Assembly Line?
Berry Gory Jr. worked in a factory and thought it would be good apply an assembly line to his record label, Motown. - We took the assembly line approach. We had a charm school and a production room, and we had classes, and we had producers, and we had writers. I would take a person like Smokey Robinson, who came to me, who was a poet but did not know how to write songs. I showed him how. Then others came along, like Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye, and they were better than I was for songwriting, so I had to move back into the business.
What were the characteristics of Soul?
Combo of Church and Pop Traditions - Emotional Singing - Call & Response - Stress on backbeat - Complex Rhythms - Secular lyrics/venues (have no religious or spiritual basis)
What is Rockabilly? What was the song/artist associated with this? (Song on the review)
Country Rock - "Hound Dog" - Big Mama Thornton/Elvis Presley
Who sang the song "Fortunate Son" and what was it about? (song on review)
Creedence Clearwater Revival - This song critized millitant patriotic behavior - It spoke about the Drafting system - It revealed the class hierarchies - The song said that the elites could get out of the draft, and that left the poor to fight. "A rich man's war"
What is Afrofuturism?
Cultural aesthetic that combines elements of science fiction, historical fiction, fantasy, Afrocentricity, and magic realism.
What is Dip Hop?
Deaf Hip Hop - A style of hip hop, generally created by deaf or hard of hearing artists. that is communicated via a combination of music and sign language. - Coined (invented/founded by Wawa in 2005)
What is D-PAN?
Deaf Professional Arts Network - Aim to make music accessible to for deaf people.
Who is Sean Forbes?
Deaf Rapper - Speaks out in hope to break the deaf stereotype - Co- founder of DPAN
Who is Wawa Snipes?
Deaf rapper - One of the pioneers and biggest names in dip hop - Wears hearing aids, speaks, and sings - Originally from Philadelphia; lives in D.C.
What was the Legacy of Motown?
Economic Empowerment Combining Black & White Generational Appeal
Who was Eric Garner and what song on the review is connected to him?
Eric Garner: He was black man who was killed by the police. The officer held him in a chokehold. His death was due to this chokehold, compression of chest, and poor health. He is the reason why the NYPD is not allowed to use chokeholds anymore. - The song dedicated to him was "I Can't Breathe" by Pussy Riot. - It is a dramatic reading of Eric Garner's conversation with the police right before his death. - Pussy Riot is from russia and dedicated this song to Eric and to everyone who suffer from state terror.
Who was James Brown and which song of his was on the review?
Godfather of Soul - Founding Father of Funk - Started as a gospel singer in a juvenile detention center - Cold Sweat is first true funk song "Say it Loud-I'm Black and I'm Proud"
What was the type music related to the Civil Rights Movement?
Gospel and Soul
Who was Victor Turner?
He established the theory of Communitas
Who is Sam Cooke?
He is singer of the song "A Change is Gonna Come" - It is an anthem for the civil rights movement - Inspired by events in Cooke's life (Turned away from Holiday Inn in Louisiana)
Who was Elvis Presley?
He was a self-taught artist who practiced rockability. He was popular among black and white audiences. The song he is associated with is "Hound Dog".
Who was Abel Meeropol? What was the song on the review that was written by him? Who performed it?
He was an American song-writer and poet - He wrote the poem "Strange Fruit" (1937) - The poem protests racism and lynching - Performed by Billie Holiday (1939)
Who was Rodney King?
He was involved in a hig speed chase, once he was finally pulled over the four officers repeatedly tased, beat, and kicked him. The beating was caught on camera by George Holliday and aired nationally. The four officers were acquited of all charges. This caused an uprising in Hip Hop and the LA riots. Then the grand jury reopened the case, 2 of the 4 officers went to jail for 30 months.
Who was Berry Gordy Jr.?
He was the founder of the record company/label "Motown". - American record producer and songwriter - He had a gift for identifying talent and crafting a public image that would sell to white and black audiences. - He signed the Temptations, Stevie Wonder, and Jackson Five
What is Female Gaze?
How women see and deconstruct media, presenting men and the male body as objects of female pleasure through emotion and character identification - Visual Characteristic: dress, setting, camera shots
Who was Marilyn Manson?
Is a rock performer. He is thought to be one of the causes/influences of the Columbine Shooting.
What is Motown?
It is a record company founded by Berry Gordy Jr. - He purchased a house in Detroit and established the record label - "Hit Factory": Used assmebly line technique to create their music. That is similar to factories and plus they were busting out hit songs one by one. - "African American Ownership & Control": Completely done by AA's and they were in control of what music they were producing - "Addressed to Broad Listenership": appealed to both black and white audiences
What were Jubilee Quartets? Who were the Fisk Jubilee Singers?
Jubilee Quartets: - Community- based, vocal, popular African-American religious musical groups - Developed in the South Fisk Juilee Singers: - From Fisk University - Fisk Univeristy: 1st university established after slavery for African Americans. Started singing groups. - Sang spirituals and gospel, close, tight-knit harmonies, little improvisation, like glee
What was the Stonewall Riots?
June 28, 1969 - 3 day riot by the LGBT community after a police raid - It was held at the Stonewall Inn, Greenwich Village. The Stonewall Inn was run by the Mafia. - The stonewall riot was considered the single most important event leading to LGBT liberation movement
Who was Dee Snider?
Lead singer of heavy metal band "Twister Sister". He testified against the Parents Music Resource Center, saying that music was open to interpretation and wasn't as bad as they thought.
Who were John Lennon & Yoko Ono ?
Lennon was a part of the Beatles - "Give Peace a Chance" was his first single while still with the Beatles - That song was Anthem of American anti-war movement in 1970s
What is 20 Feet From Stardom?
Movie tells the story of the back up singers to some of the most influential artists of all time
What did the connection of Marilyn Manson and the Columbine Shooting lead to?
Parents Music Resource Center
How was Alan Freed's career destroyed?
Payola - Illegal private payment to radio hosts in return for promoting a product or song on their show
Who was Mahalia Jackson and which song on the review did she sing?
SONG: "We Shall Overcome" - American Gospel Singer - Said to be known as the "Queen of Gospel"
Who was Mary Lambert?
She is a singer and songwriter. She was sampled on Macklemore's "Same Love".
What is the Doctrine of Ethos?
States that music effects character and emotion of man by way of morals or ethics.
What does the song "Say it Loud-I'm Black and I'm Proud" by James Brown address?
That black people need better treatment.
Who were the people involved in the Anti-War Movement?
The Opposition: Youth & Counterculture
What was the Marriage Equality Movement?
The fight for same-sex marriage and LGBT rights
What is the Deaf Culture?
The set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use Sign Languages as the main means of communication. - Minority Group - Capital D
What is the song "Vendetta" -WaWa Snipes addressing?
The song is addressing all those who have been bullied for being disabled. Saying that they can't bring him down and that their hate motivates him.
What are the views related to the Anti-War Movement?
This is when there were people who did not support the US involvement in the Vietnam War.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
This movement wanted to gain equal access to opportunities, basic privileges, and right of US citizenship for African Americans.
What was the song "Ohio" - Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young about?
This was a song that was released after the Kent State shooting. It was calling out the police and President Nixion.
What was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?
US destroyer Maddox exchanged shots with North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin. Two days later, the Maddox and another destroyer reported once again coming under fire. Although, most historians, including employed US military, have since concluded that the second of those attacks never actually occurred. It served as the pretext for an immediate ramp-up of the Vietnam War. By the of the day, President Lyndon B. Johnson had ordered retaliatory air strikes, and by late 1965 some 180,000 American troops were on the ground, with more on the way.
What is Male Gaze?
Way in which the visual arts and literature depict the world and women from a masculine point of view, presenting women as objects of male pleasure through "looking" - coined by Laura Mulvey - Visual characteristics: dress, setting, camera shots
What is the song on the review that is associated with the LGBT movement? Who did the song sample?
a) "Same Love" - Macklemore & Ryan Lewis b) "Transgender Dysphoria Blues" - Against Me!
What was the Vietnam War? What triggered the involvement of the US?
a) It was when Northern Vietnam wanted communism, but Southern did not. The Soviet Union was funding Northern V, and the US was helping the South. Russia never really got involved physically, so this where the Cold War came in. This was also the first time we had media coverage. (Media: "Freedom of Press") b) Gulf of Tonkin Incident
