Rhetorical Devices- Tropes and Schemes

List of tropes

1. Allusion 2. Analogy 3. Apostrophe 4. Hyperbole 5. Irony 6. Metaphor 7. Oxymoron 8. Paradox 9. Personification 10. Pun 11. Rhetorical Question 12. Sarcasm 13. Simile 14. Synecdoche 15. Metonymy 16. Understatement 17. Zeugma

List of Schemes

1. Anaphora 2. Antithesis 3. Anastrophe 4. Asyndeton 5. Chiasmus/Antimetabole 6. Juxtaposition 7. Onomatopoeia 8. Parallel Structure/ Parallelism 9. Polysyndeton 10. Repetition 11. Rhetorical Fragment

Allusion

A brief reference to a famous person or event- often from literature, history, Greek mythology, or the Bible

Analogy

A comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.

Similie

A comparison of two different things or ideas through the use of the words "like" or "as". It is definitely a stated comparison, where the poet says one thing is like another

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Asyndeton

A deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related clauses

Repetition

A device in which words, sounds, and ideas are used more than once to enhance rhythm and create emphasis

Apostrophe

A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person

Personification

A kind of metaphor which gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics

Pun

A play on words which are identical or similar in sound but which have sharply diverse meanings

Juxtaposition

A poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit

Rhetorical question

A question that expects no answer; it is used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement

Rhetorical Fragment

A sentence fragment used deliberately for a persuasive purpose or to create a desired effect

Synecdoche

A type of metaphor where a part of something is used to signify the whole.

Type of device that can help to simplify complex ideas

Allusion

Hyperbole

An obvious and deliberate exaggeration (to emphasize something or for humorous purposes)

Well, son, I'll tell you: life for me ain't been no crystal stair. It had ticks in it, and splinters, and birds torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor-bare

Analogy

"We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament."

Anaphora

I will fight for you. I will fight to save social security. I will fight to raise minimum wage

Anaphora

And you plan to help me how

Anastrophe

"this is one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"

Antithesis

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny

Antithesis/ juxtaposition

"It is by logic we prove, but by intuition we discover."

Antithesis/ parallel

Rhetorical Device

Any stylistic device or resource of language that an author or speaker uses to help persuade or make a desired impact on his or her audience

Dear Sleep, I'm sorry i hated you when i was little but now i cant get enough of you

Apostrophe

Oh Netflix!! So many choices

Apostrophe

Oh love, you have forsaken me

Apostrophe

I came, I saw, I conquered

Asyndeton

Anastophe

Changing the syntactical correct order or subject, verb and object for effect of emphasis

Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate

Chiasmus

People can't change the truth but the truth can change people

Chiasmus

Types of language

Figurative language and sound devices

Ages have passed since i saw you last

Hyperbole

He's so hungry, he could eat a horse

Hyperbole

I've told you a thousand times to keep your hands to yourself

Hyperbole

Antithesis

Involves a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings generally for the purpose of contrast.

It is simple to lose weight. I have done it many times.

Irony

Language

Is a type of rhetorical device

"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;" - Shakespeare

Juxtaposition

Schemes

Literary devices that deal with order, syntax, letters and sounds, rather than the meaning of words

Baby you are a lifetime

Metaphor

Tools used to draw analogy

Metaphors and similes

Pay tribute to the crown

Metonymy

The heat played well today

Metonymy

I purchased my dreamy shoes online with the click of a mouse

Onomatopoeia

You seem to have clearly misunderstood my intentions

Oxymoron

The more you know, the more you know you don't know

Paradox

What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young

Paradox

Oxymoron

Paradox which combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression. This combination usually serves the purpose of shocking the reader into awareness

The wind whistled through the field

Personification

The meal was huge - my mother fixed okra and green beans and ham and apple pie and green pickled tomatoes and ambrosia salad and all manner of fine country food - but no matter how I tried, I could not consume it to her satisfaction.

Polysyndeton

I'd tell you a chemistry joke, but I know I wouldn't get a reaction.

Pun

Without geometry, life is pointless

Pun

Parallelism

Refers to a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence; it involves an arrangement of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrased

As I fell down the stairs head first, I heard her say "Look at that coordination."

Sarcasm

I didn't attend the funeral, but i sent a nice letter saying i approved of it

Sarcasm

I love that dress. The design really highlights your double chin

Sarcasm

Her hair looks like an overturned bowl of spaghetti

Simile

It's like you're my mirror

Simile

A metaphor is usually a comparison between...?

Something that is real or concrete and something that is abstract

Paradox

Statement which contradicts itself

4000 eyeballs watched the fumble

Synecdoche

Carlos wished we would buy him a fancy new set of wheels

Synecdoche

T or F: Puns may have serious as well as humorous uses

T

Polysyndeton

The deliberate use of many conjunctions for special emphasis to highlight quantity or mass of detail or to create a flowing, continuous sentence pattern

Understatement

The opposite of hyperbole. It is a kind of irony which deliberately represents something as much less than it really is

Anaphora

The repetition of words at the beginning of a line

Irony

The use of words to convey a meaning that his opposite of what is actually said

Sarcasm

Type of irony in which a person appears to be praising something while he is actually insulting the thing. Its purpose is to injure or hurt

The AP language exam just might be a little challenging

Understatement

Onomatopoeia

Use of words in which the sounds seem to resemble the sounds they describe.

I just love dieting

Verbal irony

Verbal irony

Verbal; saying the opposite of what you mean

He stiffened his drink and his spine

Zeugma

He stole both her car and her heart that fateful night.

Zeugma

She raised her standards and her glass

Zeugma

Chiasmus/Antimetabole

a sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in the second clause is a reversal of the first

"Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss."

allusion

Plan ahead: it wasn't raining when Noah built the ark.

allusion

Life is like a race. The one who keeps running wins the race, and the one who stops to catch a breath loses.

analogy

Well written it is

anastrophe

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times

antithesis

Love is an ideal thing; marriage is a real thing

antithesis

Tropes

figures of speech with an unexpected twist in the meaning of words

Love is a battlefield

metaphor

I love Shakespeare

metonymy

Sweet sorrow

oxymoron

He was walking, running and jumping for joy.

parallelism

The leaves danced their way through the lawn

personification

"This term, I am taking biology and English and history and math and music and physics and sociology."

polysyndeton

Something to consider

rhetorical fragment

Have you ever felt inadequate?

rhetorical question

All hands on deck

synecdoche

dramatic irony

the audience knows something that the character does not

Metonymy

the name of one thing is applied to another thing with which it is closely associated

Zeugma

the use of the verb that has two different meanings with objects that complement both meanings

I could probably manage to survive on a salary of two million dollars per year.

understatement

Types of irony

verbal, dramatic, situational

Situational irony

what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected