Rhetorical Theory Exam 1
Depoe presents the character of Johnny Rocco from the movie "Key Largo" (1948) to illustrate the views expressed by which character in the Gorgias?
(not gorgias)
The author of The history and theory of rhetoric (6th Ed., 2018) is an expert in __________________.
17th and 18th century English deists
Aristotle's most famous student was _________________.
Alexander
Beginning in 292 BCE, scholars in a library in ___________________ began a project to preserve, classify, and refine works of Greek culture, including Homer's Iliad and Aristotle's Rhetoric.
Alexandria
Which character in the Gorgias stated that "might makes right"?
Callicles
Who defines rhetoric as "the energy inherent in human emotion and thought, transmitted through a system of signs, including language, to others to influence their thoughts and actions"?
George Kennedy
Aristotle's school was known as the ____________________.
Lyceum
The plot of the Phaedrus revolves around characters Socrates and Phaedrus presenting various versions of a speech given by ___________________.
Lysias
Which of the following is NOT a character in Plato's Gorgias?
Lysias
Depoe compares The intrigues of the warring states to ___________________.
Machiavelli's the prince
Which Athenian leader gave a funeral oration after a battle against Sparta that has been recognized as one of the first speeches that produced a historical record or text for posterity?
Pericles
___________________________ is known as the "father" or originator of debate.
Protagoras
According to Plato's account of the trial of Socrates, who did the oracle at Delphi proclaim as the wisest person in Athens?
Socrates
plato blamed _____________ for the death of socrates
Sophists
Which of the following is NOT true about Cicero? - Youngest man not from a wealthy family to be elected Consul in Rome - Banished from Rome in 58 BCE - Devoted to preserving legacy of Greek rhetoric - Supported Marc Antony in effort to topple Julius Caesar
Supported Marc Antony in effort to topple Julius Caesar
Which of the following is NOT part of Depoe's assessment of Afro-centric rhetorical theory? - The theory maps successfully onto a variety of genres of discourse within the African-American community. - The theory demonstrates the utility of Greco-Roman rhetorical foundations. - The theory overstates the homogeneity of cultural groups across the African continent. - All of the other answers are correct.
The theory demonstrates the utility of Greco-Roman rhetorical foundations
Critics of Plato's rhetorical theory have argued that Plato viewed rhetoric as _____________________________.
a tool to induce conformity and social control
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven elements of Plato's ideal rhetoric?
ability to seize opportunities
According to Knowles-Borishade, _______________ is culturally idiosyncratic and does not conform to the Western style of speech-making
african orature
Borchers & Hundley define ________________ as the placing of African ideals at the center of any analysis that involves African culture and behavior.
afro-centricity
According to Depoe, we can "decolonize rhetorical theory" by ___________________. - building universal models of rhetorical theory - comparing Greek and Roman rhetorical theories - presenting alternative rhetoric origin stories from non-European times and places - all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
For Aristotle, which of the following draw materials from endoxa? - enthymemes - general topics - rhetoric - all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Roman rhetorical theory identified by Depoe? - Paid obeisance to dominant authorities and the state - Did not provide opportunities to use rhetoric for dissent or reform - Aided in Roman colonization via franchising the Roman Way - all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a reason cited by Jiazu for the Chinese focus on memory? - respect for elders - veneration of tradition - collectivist culture - all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT one of Depoe's propositions concerning the relationship between rhetorical theory and colonization? - Training in the art of rhetoric has both reflected and contributed to colonization efforts through the centuries. - Education has both reflected and fueled colonization. - Western civilization over the past 2500+ years can be understood as a history of Western colonization. - All of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to the rise of the Second Sophistic? - revival of interest in Greek culture - rapid decline of rhetoric during years of Roman empire - re-establishment of Greece's political independence from Rome - all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT true about Aristotle? - Succeeded Plato as lead teacher in the Academy - Was a physician - Fought for Macedonia in battle against Athens - All of the other items are false
all of the other items are false
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Afro-centricity? - argues that rhetoric originated in Greece before Africa - establishes the centrality of Kemetic (Egyptian) civilization and the Nile Valley complex as key points of reference - argues that the concepts related to African culture, including rhetoric, have influenced diasporic peoples through the centuries - all of the other answers are correct
argues that rhetoric originated in Greece before Africa
Depoe criticizes ______________'s rhetorical theory for working from a position of white privilege, providing tools for statist administrative control, and oversimplifying human emotion?
aristotle
Who said, "From the hour of their birth, some are marked out for subjection, others for rule"?
aristotle
According to Cicero, using the elements of one's past life to defend one's self is called ___________________.
attributes of a person
In a rhetorcial theory, ____________________ asks the question "how do we judge good from bad rhetoric."
axiology
Which of the following was NOT true about Epicureanism? - defined reality as that which is perceived by the senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell) - believed humans should seek a state of tranquility - believed that more is better - all of the other answers is correct
believed that more is better
According to Knowles-Borishade, the ________________ are/is the primary creative element in a rhetorical act or event.
caller
Plato's theory of human nature likened the soul to a ___________________________.
chariot traveling through the universe
Which approach to rhetorical theory emphasized the value of silence?
chinese
According to Depoe, the phrase "Amen corner" illustrates which element of African orature?
chorus
According to Depoe, nearly all rhetorical theory textbooks are organized in ______________________ order.
chronological
Which theorist believed that a speaker who wishes to arouse emotions in an audience must also experience those feelings themselves?
cicero
Which theorist believed that a speaker's credibility was derived from their prior actions and reputation?
cicero
The historical development in which a series of nation-states attempted to build empires based on the acquisition of wealth, resources, and land and the subjugation of indigenous peoples and erasure of local cultures is labeled by Depoe as ___________________.
colonization
The argument "Because sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are poisonous, salt as a compound (NaCl) is poisonous" is an example of the fallacy of ______________.
composition
Which Chinese figure counseled to "be like water" when confronted with an argument or disagreement?
confucius
Which ancient Chinese figure taught reverence toward tradition, elders, and other authorities?
confucius
In Quintilian's formulation, the part of a speech that answers actual or potential counter-arguments is the _______________.
confutatio
According to Herrick, rhetoric addresses ___________________ issues that do not dictate a particular outcome and engage our value commitments.
contingent
According to Aristotle, rhetoric is the ______________ of dialectic.
counterpart
For Aristotle, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective word choice or style? - creativity - clarity - appropriateness - naturalness
creativity
The __________________ approach analyzes rhetorical theories based on the culture that produced the rhetoric.
culture-centered
Socrates' critical views of Athenian society served as the forerunner to what philosophical school of thought?
cynics
Cicero defined ____________________ as speaking and acting in appropriate ways based on customs, norms, and status of the participants.
decorum
The promotion of eudamonia is the goal or purpose of _____________________ oratory.
deliberative
Which type of oratory focuses on a future time frame?
deliberative
Which of the following was NOT true of Stoicism? - led by Zeno - patterned ideas after the Spartans - delineated between free men and slaves based on natural law - believed humans should practice self-control and fortitude
delineated between free men and slaves based on natural law
Aristotle believed that _________________ is not an elevated subject of inquiry.
delivery
Which 4th Century Athenian was known for overcoming a number of physical challenges to become a speaker known for effective delivery?
demosthenes
Socrates taught his students via what form of instruction?
dialectic
Which of the following is NOT one of the five canons of rhetoric? - invention - delivery - dialectic - style
dialectic
The __________________is the genre of speech that offers a moral drama intended to assault sensibilities and critique society
diatribe
For Aristotle, categories of classification are derived from ______________.
dissoi logoi
Which of the following is NOT true about Aristotle? - Distrusted demos - Believed in contingent truths based on probabilities - Pragmatist - scientist
distrusted demos
In the third speech presented in the opening section of the Phaedrus, Socrates describes love as _________________________.
divine madness
Many of Plato's dialogues feature ______________________ as a literary device in which the author provides the readers with information or insights that the characters in the story do not have
dramatic irony
In 6th-4th C BCE Athens, all citizens were entitled to participate in the ____________________ or assembly.
ekklesia
An argument that moves from a specific premise to a specific conclusion based on similarities of cases is called a(n) ________________.
enthymeme?
For Plato, ______________________________ is thorough knowledge of a subject, along with insight in the ideal form related to the subject.
episteme
In a rhetorical theory, __________________ asks the question "how does rhetoric work or function."
epistemology
According to Aristotle, the quality of judgment that considers an act in accordance with universal laws of prudential human conduct is ______________.
equity
Aristotle believed that _________________ was the most effective means of persuasion one can possess.
ethos
The statement "You know the Boston Celtics are winning in the fourth quarter when you see Coach Auerbach smoking a cigar on the bench" is illustrates a(n) _______________.
fallible sign?
According to Aristotle, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a young person? - are fond of friends - favor useful based on self-interest - has strong passions - loves honor
favor useful based on self interest
Depoe illustrates __________________ as an ontological perspective through dog shows and architecture.
formism
The argument "The Bengals won't beat the Packers (average team in the league) because they can't even beat the Jets (worst team in the league) is an example of __________________.
from the stronger
Which of the following was NOT true of the Cynics? - rejected fame, power, and reputation in favor of ascetic lifestyle - goal in life was tranquility - believed in absolute humanism and individual freedom over expediency and social convention - practiced shocking acts of defiance and ridicule
goal in life was tranquility
According to Aristotle, which of the following is NOT one of the sources of speaker credibility? - good age - good sense - good will - good moral character
good age
Which Sophist doubted the existence of material reality, claiming instead that our reality exists in our mind or psyche?
gorgias
Cicero believed that the _________________ style is most appropriate to use in speeches that aim to move audiences.
grand
Which of the following is NOT true about Diogenes? - His teacher was Socrates' student - He was captured by pirates and sold into slavery - He left a corpus of writings and letters - He was known for walking through Athens looking for an honest man
he left a corpus of writings and letters
which of the following was NOT a biographical fact about Plato? - He opened a school (the Academy) that operated during the same time as Isocrates' school - He left Athens for a decade after the trial of Socrates - He was a student of Aristotle - He grew up during the Pelopponesian War
he was a student of aristotle
The period of Macedonian and Roman rule over Greece from 4th through 1st Century BCE during which elements of Greek culture were adopted or appropriated by the conquerors was the _______________.
hellenistic period
Which of the following would NOT be advice given by Cicero regarding the use of wit and humor? - Do not speak ill of the beloved - Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery - Do not make fun of the wretched or unfortunate - Puns and jibes aimed at an opponent are acceptable
imitation is the sincerest form of flattery
Which of the following is NOT part of Depoe's definition of rhetoric? - in order to gain compliance - share ideas - art - with audiences
in order to gain compliance
_________________ proofs are based on materials found or generated outside the speech.
inartistic
In African rhetoric, ___________________ is defined as going around an issue in order to demonstrate skill, amuse an audience, or offset a power imbalance.
indirection
A line of reasoning that contains a series of specific cases or instances as its premises is a(n) ____________________.
induction
which of the following was NOT a characteristic of schools of philosophy in 5th-4th BC Athens? - instructors charged fees - students took courses for long periods of time - subjects included math, logic, theology, ethics - teachers were supported by wealthy patrons or families
instructors charged fees
In the "myth of the charioteer" presented in the Phaedrus, the charioteer represents _________________.
intellect or self control
According to Herrick, which of the following is NOT one of the six characteristics of rhetoric? - seeks persuasion - is adapted to audiences - is spontaneous - reveals human motives
is spontaneous
In the Gorgias, the character Socrates informs Polus that a true art (techne) should be based on ______________ and ____________________.
knowledge of subject, virtuous outcome
Which of the following is NOT true about Aristotle? - Wrote original treatise on genres of dramatic arts - Known for coining the phrase "Man is the measure of all things" - First person to classify living things - Wrote first book on human psychology
known for coining the phrase "man is the measure of all things"
Who was known as the founder of Taoism?
lao tzu
Which of the following is NOT a step taken to build an enthymeme based on pathos? - Add details that heighten desired feeling - Form general premises that describe probable motives or behaviors - Build a sense of feeling in the speaker - List characteristics of an emotion
list characteristics of an emotion
Plato believed that an ideal rhetoric requires the speaker to arrange materials so that the speech resembles a(n) ________________________.
living creature
A _____________________________ was a speechwriter who prepared speeches for Athenian citizens to present in court.
logographer
Which theorist is credited with authoring On the Sublime?
longinus
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms leveled by scholar Walzer against Quintilian? - made few original contributions - attempted to please Emperor Domitian - minimized philosophy in favor of training in service to the state - was a political opportunist
made few original conrtibutions
In acts of African orature, ________________________ is the supraordinate object or goal
maintenance of spiritual harmony
Which of the following is NOT a true art, according to Socrates in the Gorgias?
make-up
"A stitch in time saves nine" is a(n) __________________.
maxim
in plato's "allegory of the cave", the prisoners in the cave represented _________________________.
members of the demos (general public)
For Cicero, loci could be used to support which two canons of rhetoric?
memory, delivery?
which of the following is NOT a constituent of happiness, according to Aristotle? - military prowess - good birth - wealth - beauty
military prowess
According to Knowles-Borishade, ___________________ is the Word pregnant with meaning that gains potency through oral delivery
nommo
Justice based on social convention or vote obtained by jurors is ____________________.
nomos
______________________ are sworn statements submitted voluntarily.
oaths
According to Depoe, the theory of the forms, the allegory of the cave, and the realms of seeming versus being are parts of Plato's ____________________________.
ontology
In a rhetorical theory, _______________________ asks the question "what is the nature of reality."
ontology
Depoe illustrates __________________ as an ontological perspective through the example of "the force" from Star Wars.
organicism
The ontology of Chinese rhetorical theory was __________________.
organicist
The Greek approach to education that was adapted by the Romans was called ______________________.
paideia
Depoe presents his theory of ________________________________ to illustrate the practical value of theories
parking
A 55 mile-per-hour speed limit on a state highway is an example of a(n) ___________________.
particular law
According to Aristotle, _________________ is support or proof based on the arousal of a state of feeling or emotion in audience members.
pathos
Government during the Roman Republic featured quasi-democratic participation by the _________________ and the _______________________.
patricians, plebeians
Patrick Henry's statement "give me liberty or give me death" illustrates what part of a speech, according to Quintilian?
peroratio
In the Gorgias, the character Gorgias states that he teaches ________________________, which is the best subject.
persuasion
An allegorical interpretation of the three speeches presented in the first part of the Phaedrus equates the topic of "love" with _______________________.
persuasion or logos
in Plato's ideal republic, societies should be ruled by ____________.
philosopher-kings
Which of the following subjects was NOT part of the Classical trivium of education?
philosophy
According to Herrick, which of the following is NOT a type of power enacted and distributed through rhetoric? - political - psychological - personal - physical
physical
Aristotle's father was a ________________.
physician
Aristotle's teacher was _______________________. - Protagoras - Isocrates - Plato - Demosthenes
plato
depoe described a platonic dialogue (dialogue written by plato) as a cross between a(n) ______________ and a(n) _______________________.
play, dialectic conversation
The common topic based on considering whether something is plausible or likely based on what is known or assumed is called ______________.
possible/impossible
According to Depoe (paraphrasing Lewin), there is nothing so _____________________ as a good _____________________.
practical, theory
In ceremonial speaking, a speaker presents arguments of _________________ and _________________.
praise, blame
According to Depoe, rhetoric for Aristotle is the art of ________________, not ___________________.
process, outcome?
Asante defines African rhetoric as the ____________________ in an attempt to _______________.
productive thrust of language, maintain harmony and balance
who is reported to have said "man is the measure of all things?"
protagoras
According to Enos, passages in Homer's "The Iliad" illustrated the _______________________ function of language, highlighting its power to turn or direct human thought.
proteptric
Which of the following was NOT one of the charges brought against Socrates during his trial in 399 BCE?
providing military secrets to Athens' enemies
Which theorist offered a cradle-to-grave approach to rhetorical education?
quintilian
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the emergence of the Roman Empire at the end of the 1st Century BCE? - franchising out of the "Roman Way" - political assassinations - series of civil wars among rival generals - rapid expansion of territorial acquisition
rapid expansion of territorial acquisition
Knowles-Borishade's theory of African orature ______________ the myth of the American melting pot
refutes
According to Knowles-Borishade, _________________________ co-create a message and provide verbal checks and balances through active participation in the rhetorical event
responders
According to Herrick, the ___________________ is an individual or group engaged in rhetorical activity through the preparation and presentation of discourse or other rhetorical artifacts. - rhetor - audience - community - authority
rhetor
For Plato, the true art of _________________________________ involves leading the soul to truth and right conduct based on ideas and arguments.
rhetoric
Which of the following is NOT an example of a negative connotation commonly associated with rhetoric? - scientific realism - empty words - manipulation - B.S., divorced from reality
scientific realism
Depoe labelled the practice of Roman virtues of faithfulness, dignity, and respect for status, along with loyalty to the state as ________________.
sensus communis
According to Aristotle, the ______________ is the material cause for a silver chalice.
silver
According to Aristotle, the _______________ is the efficient cause for a silver chalice.
silversmith
Aristotle believes that a speech's organization should be _________________.
simple
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of Knowles-Borishade's theory of African orature? - caller - situation - chorus - spiritual entities
situation
According to Depoe, ___________________________- is what a community considers to be true, just, or probable
social knowledge
Which character in the Gorgias asserted that politicians who try to please the masses are actually weak instead of strong?
socrates
in plato's "allegory of the cave", the escaped prisoner represented ______________________.
socrates
who is the main character in Plato's dialogues?
socrates
what was the outcome of the trial of socrates?
socrates accepted a death sentence
Which group was NOT excluded from political participation in ancient Athens? - women - metics - enslaved people - soldiers
soldiers
According to Knowles-Borishade's theory, the caller begins by invoking ___________________.
spiritual entities
According to Borchers & Hundley, which period of Chinese history saw a development of more refined forms of rhetoric used by more classes of people?
spring autumn and warring states period
According to Cicero, ____________________ means standing still; the point where disagreement or conflict is likely to occur in a particular case
stasis
Quintilian's concept of bases resembles what other rhetorical concept?
stasis
During the Second Sophistic, which two canons of rhetoric were elevated in emphasis?
style, delivery
Beyonce's careful presentation of a strong persona via clothing and other elements of personal appearance is an illustration of ______________.
styling
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a weakness of the diatribe? - hard to sustain - does not present remedies - too nihilistic - subservient to the state
subservient to the state
In the Gorgias, the character Socrates contends that it is better to __________________ an injustice than to _____________________ an injustice
suffer, commit
A deductive argument containing a premise and a conclusion, with one premise omitted and supplied by the audience, is a(n) ____________________.
syllogism
In dialectic (logical reasoning), deduction occurs in the ______________.
syllogism
Which of the following is NOT one of Aristotle's four uses of rhetoric? - Take advantage of opportunities - Know both sides of an argument - Defend one's self - Uphold truth and play down its opposite
take advantage of opportunities
According to Depoe, the "feng shui" movement is related to ____________________.
taoism
ancient greeks referred to an art such as poetry, music, woodwork, or rhetoric as a(n)......
techne
For Aristotle, what is natural for something or someone to do, or be, or become, is its _______________.
telos
Which of the following reasons Aristotle gives for criminals acting to commit a crime are incorrect?
the crime is beyond their control
Quintilian defined the art of rhetoric as ______________________.
the good man speaking well
in plato's "allegory of the cave", the world outside the cave represented _______________.
the realm of forms
The effect of writing or speaking that elevates an audience beyond the ordinary and toward the ecstatic is called ___________________.
the sublime
for plato, reality consisted of _______________.
the world of Being made up of the ideal of every object, concept, and person that existed prior to humans
which of the following is an undisputed good for aristotle?
things that produce pleasure (what is pleasant)
Which of the following is NOT one of Cicero's three functions of oratory?
to warn
Herrick uses the story of the __________________ to illustrate Quintilian's attention to detail and devotion to the idea of decorum.
toga
Which of the following is NOT one of Depoe's criticisms of Aristotle's treatment of emotional proof? - Too simplistic—treats emotion in isolation - Non-introspective—deduces internal feelings from external stimuli - Too political—based on view that emotions are tied to political view or social station - Intellectualized—makes emotional proof look too much like logical proof
too political - based on view that emotions are tied to political view or social station
Which of the following was NOT a key historical development in the Mediterranean Basin from 8th to 6th Century BC that led to the emergence of rhetoric in Greece? - Formation of distinct city-states - Transition from written to oral culture - Desire for territorial expansion - Move to a trade-based economy
transition from written to oral culture
___________________ as a technique of amplification is illustrated when someone highlights firsts, bests, and mosts.
unique or frequent accomplishments
According to Kennedy, rhetoric comes from _______________ experience.
universal
for aristotle, ___________ is relative, probable, and ______________.
utility, political
According to Knowles-Borishade, African orature is grounded in the view that all matter ________________.
vibrates
According to Aristotle, _____________________ is the faculty of providing and preserving good things, or of conferring great benefits on others.
virtue
According to Jiazu, rhetorical theory and practice in China _____________________ rhetoric as developed in the Western classical tradition.
was largely different from
Which of the following is NOT true about Quintilian? - Was student of Cicero - Was born in Spain - Lived during reigns of ten different emperors - Was a judicial advocate
was student of cicero
For Cicero, the perfect orator combines _______________ with __________________.
wisdom, eloquence
Which of the following items is NOT an accurate description of Cicero's De Inventione? - written as a response to Plato's attacks against rhetoric - written as a young man - based on Rhetorica ad Herennium - written as a technical manual
written as a response to Plato's attacks against rhetoric
