ROCK EXAM

Coal is a type of _____ rock.

Organic

What is compaction?

The process that presses sediments together

A rock's texture is...

the look and feel of a rock

What is a clastic rock?

A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together.

What is an organic rock?

A sedimentary rock that forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.

What is a chemical rock?

A sedimentary rock that is formed when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystalize.

What is the rock cycle?

A series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.

What is a coral reef?

A structure that is formed from coral animals produce skeletons that grow together.

The process in which dissolved materials crystalize and glue particles of sediment together is called...

Cementation

What kind of rocks form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystalize on Earth's surface?

Chemical Rocks

A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together is called a...

Clastic rock

What are the three major groups of sedimentary rock?

Clastic, organic, chemical

Describe granite using the three characteristics geologists use to classify igneous rocks.

Coarse grain, igneous, generally light colored. High in silica content.

Grains that are large and easy to see in a rock are said to be...

Coarse grained

Grains in a rock that can only be seen with a microscope are said to be...

Fine grained

Describe process of sedimentary rock.

First, in erosion, particles of sediment are carried away from their source by water or wind. Second, in deposition, the particles of sediment are deposited into layers. Third, in compaction, thick layers of sediment gradually build up over millions of years. These heavy layers press down on the layers beneath them. The weight of the new layers further compacts the sediments, squeezing them tightly together. Last but not least, in cement action, as compaction is happening, the minerals in the rock slowly dissolve. The dissolved minerals seep into the spaces between particles and harden.

Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel bands are said to be...

Foliated

How is igneous rock formed?

From the cooling of magma or lava

What is foilated?

Grains that are parallel layers or bands that are in metamorphic rocks

Igneous rocks may be similar in mineral composition and yet have different...

Grains/texture

Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary rock?: granite, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone.

Granite

What can change any rock into metamorphic rock?

Heat and pressure

What is intrusive rock?

Igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface

What types of rocks are there?

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

What are some uses for metamorphic rocks?

Important materials for building and sculpture

What rock began as coral and can be found on continents?

Limestone

What is nonfiolated?

Opposite of foilated.

What are grains?

Particles of minerals or other rocks that most rocks are made of

What type of movements help to drive the rock cycle?

Plate movements

What are the minerals that make up most of Earth's crust?

Rock-forming minerals

The series of processes that change rock from one type to another is called the...

rock cycle

What is deposition?

The process by which sediments settles out of the water or wind carrying it.

What is cementation?

The process in which dissolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediment together

Limestone deposits that began as coral reefs provide evidence of...

How plate motions changed Earth's surface and of past environments.

The names of the three major rocks refer to...

How the rocks are formed

Which would have larger crystals, an igneous rock formed from magma that cooled deep below the surface or an igneous rock that cooled from lava on the surface? Explain why.

Igneous rock formed from magma that cooled under surface. It has large crystals because they cool slowly.

What is extrusive rock?

Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface

What characteristics do geologists use to identify rocks?

Color, texture, and mineral composition

What is basalt?

A dark colored rock that is low in silica.

Basalt is the most common... _________ rock

Extrusive

What are some uses of sedimentary rock?

Building materials and tools

What are some uses of igneous rock?

Tools and building materials

Which of the following is an igneous rock?: Marble, basalt, gneiss, limestone

Basalt

Forces deep inside Earth and at the surface produce a slow cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust.

...

How could the process shown in the figure eventually result in the formation of sedimentary rock?

...

Plate movements start the rock cycle by helping to form magma, the source of igneous rocks. Plate movements also cause faulting, folding, and other motions of the crust that help to form sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

...

How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks?

According to the arrangement of the grains that make up the rocks

How are igneous rocks classified?

According to their origin, texture, and mineral composition

Explain how the process shown in the figure could produce sedimentary rock?

Collisions between Earth's plates can push the rock down toward the heat of the mantle. Pockets of magma rising through the crust also provide heat that can produce metamorphic rocks. The deeper a rock is buried in the crust, the greater pressure on that rock. Under high temperature and pressure many times greater than at Earth's surface, the minerals in a rock can be changed into other minerals. The rock has become metamorphic rock.

The process that presses sediments together is called...

Compaction

What would happen to a coral reef if a disease suddenly killed most of the algae in the reef? Explain.

Coral animals will die because they're depending on algae or food from photo synthesis. The reef would stop growing.

Where do most metamorphic rock form?

Deep underground

What are the processes that formed sedimentary rock?

Erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation

Describe how metamorphic rock could change into sedimentary rock.

Metamorphic rock can change into sedimentary rock by heat and pressure.

A rocks color provides clues to the rock's...

Mineral composition

Erosion and deposition play what roles in the formation of what kind of rock?

Sedimentary rock

Slate is basically a denser, more compact version of...

Shale

What do geologists observe to identify the minerals a rock contains?

Shape and color

What might sediment include?

Shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things

What are sediment?

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things.

What are coral animals?

Tiny relatives of jellyfish

How is metamorphic rock formed?

When an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Most rocks forms deep underground

How is sedimentary rock formed?

When particles of other rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

What is erosion?

When running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock