Rock History Exam 3

Alexis Korner

"Father of British Blues" was a British blues musician and radio broadcaster. A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in the 1960s, Korner was instrumental in bringing together various British blues musicians. he met blues harmonica player Cyril Davies. They started playing together as a duo, started the influential London Blues and Barrelhouse Club in 1955 and made their first record together in 1957. Korner brought many American blues artists, previously virtually unknown in Britain, to perform.

Wilson Pickett

"In the midnight hour" -A major figure in the development of American soul music, Pickett recorded over 50 songs which made the US R&B charts, many of which crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100. Among his best-known hits are "In the Midnight Hour" (which he co-wrote), "Land of 1,000 Dances", "Mustang Sally", and "Funky Broadway

Otis Redding

"Respect" "(sitting on the) dock of the bay" was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, arranger, and talent scout. He is considered one of the greatest singers in the history of American popular music and a seminal artist in soul music and rhythm and blues. Redding's style of singing gained inspiration from the gospel music that preceded the genre. His singing style influenced many other soul artists of the 1960s, such as James Carr and Freddie Jackson (Woodstra and Elewine). During his lifetime, his recordings were produced by Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee.

Why was Blues so appealing to British youth? What is meant by the "double crossover"? What was its significance? Discuss in particular Eric Clapton's devotion to Blues.

- A lot of stuff that American blues singers sang about and represented, the British youth related to in the post-war era - The imagery and the topic matter of the blues spoke to them in a way the beach boys and other bands did not - "Double crossover" —> American blues is discovered by British players, and they bring it back over and make it popular in America again - It is significant because it revitalized careers like Howlin' Wolf and other guys who now can tour Europe because blues is once again popular there - Eric Clapton...

Describe Berry Gordy, Jr.'s business model, i.e., how was Motown organized? What was Motown's principal business objective? How did Gordy promote Motown groups and their music?

- Hyper-Competitive, all the acts going up against one another - Money making machine - Wanted to crossover genres in order to be heard by biggest group

Characterize Garage Rock. How did it "democratize" and popularize rock and roll?

- Lots and lots of people were able to play this music - some with talent and some without - and worked hard to find their sound - There's a lot more community radio stations where a local band could get their music on the radio and lesser known bands could get their music heard

Referring to Ann Angel's presentation (as well as Alice Echols biography), explain the multiple significance of Janis Joplin? Assess her talent. What challenges did she face as woman rock and blues star?

- Multiple significances: one of the first rock icons that was female, integral part of the popularity of the Monterey Music Festival - They became the headliner because of the power of their performance over other acts that were billed - She rejects what women were expected to be at the time - She was a role model for men AND women who wanted to reject cultural norms - Janis represented a person to idolize for the young women who were not stereotypical - Faced a lot of resentment from even her family, due to her gender and her talent

According to Jim Higgins, why do the Velvets (i.e., the Velvet Underground) still matter?

- They tried out a lot of knew sounds that influenced new music for decades to come - Anybody who plays loud, aggressive "noise rock" - punk, metal, can trace their origins back to the Velvets

Motown

-Berry Gordy's vision and objective: the creation of a major crossover to white audiences -Pyramidal structure -Competition within the assembly line-like corporation (e.g., Smokey Robinson, Brian and Eddie Holland with Lamont Dozier) -Maxine Powell and Cholly Atkins groom artists -Funk Brothers: Earl Van Dyke (piano), Benny Benjamin (drums), James Jamerson (bass), Robert White/Joe Messina (guitar) -"The Sound of Young [Black] America"; "Hitsville USA) -Legitimizes Black pop to a white audience -Concurrent to Civil Rights movement; LBJ's Great Society -Smokey Robinson; Marvelettes; Mary Wells, Martha and the Vandellas, the Supremes; Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, the Miracles, Temptations, Four Tops Jackson Five -Although purposely passive, music becomes political

Yardbirds

-Clapton joins John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page arrives--group loses members; Page recasts "New Yardbirds"--transmutes into Led Zeppelin The Yardbirds are an English rock band, formed in London in 1963. The band's core lineup featured vocalist and harmonica player Keith Relf, drummer Jim McCarty, rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja and bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith. The band is known for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck, all of whom ranked in the top five of Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 greatest guitarists. The band had a string of hits throughout the mid-1960s, including "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul", "Shapes of Things" and "Over Under Sideways Down".

Eric Clapton

-Clapton leaves Bluesbreakers forms Cream with Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker •Fervor of a convert (R. Johnson, F. King, B.B. King, M. Waters) •Yardbirds to Mayall •Cream with fellow virtuosos (Bruce and Baker); "Crossroads"; "Sunshine of Your Love"; "Strange Brew"; "Tales of Brave Ulysses"; "White Room" •Clapton is restless •Blind Faith (with Stevie Winwood) then Derek and the Dominos (with Duane Allman) •Layla album •Clapton educates along with Hendrix In the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. Immediately after leaving Mayall, Clapton formed the power trio Cream with drummer Ginger Baker and bassist Jack Bruce, in which Clapton played sustained blues improvisations and "arty, blues-based psychedelic pop". After Cream broke up, he formed blues rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood, and Ric Grech. Clapton's solo career began in the 1970s, where his work bore the influence of the mellow style of J. J. Cale and the reggae of Bob Marley. His version of Marley's "I Shot the Sheriff" helped reggae reach a mass market. Two of his most popular recordings were "Layla", recorded with Derek and the Dominos; and Robert Johnson's "Crossroads", recorded with Cream. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Clapton's grief was expressed in the song "Tears in Heaven", which was featured on his Unplugged album.

Smokey Robinson

-Motown Artist was the founder and front man of the Motown vocal group the Miracles, for which was also chief songwriter and producer. Robinson led the group from its 1955 origins as the Five Chimes until 1972 when he announced a retirement from the group to focus on his role as Motown's vice president.

The Supremes

-Motown Artist -Most of these hits were written and produced by Motown's main songwriting and production team, Holland-Dozier-Holland. During the mid-1960s, the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer and Holland-Dozier-Holland as its songwriting and production team. In 1967, Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes "Come see about me" "someday well be together" "baby love" "where did our love go" "you can't hurry love" "stop! in the name of love"

The Temptations

-Motown Artist -pioneered psychedelic soul, and was significant in the evolution of R&B and soul music. "My Girl" (1964), "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" (1966), and "I Wish It Would Rain" (1967).

The Four Tops

-Motown Artist -are a vocal quartet from Detroit, Michigan, USA, who helped to define the city's Motown sound of the 1960s. The group's repertoire has included soul music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, doo-wop, jazz, and show tunes. "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" in 1965 and "Reach Out I'll Be There" in 1966.

Marvin Gaye

-Motown artist -was an American singer, songwriter and record producer. Gaye helped to shape the sound of Motown in the 1960s, first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, including "Ain't That Peculiar", "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)" and "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", and duet recordings with Mary Wells, Kim Weston, Diana Ross and Tammi Terrell, later earning the titles "Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul". During the 1970s, he recorded the albums What's Going On and Let's Get It On and became one of the first artists in Motown (joint with Stevie Wonder) to break away from the reins of a production company.

Martha and the Vandellas

-Motown artist -were an American all-female vocal group formed in 1957. The group achieved fame in the 1960s with Motown. -The group's string of hits included "Come and Get These Memories", "Heat Wave", "Quicksand", "Nowhere to Run", "Jimmy Mack", "Bless You" and "Dancing in the Street", the latter song becoming their signature single. During their nine-year run on the charts from 1963 to 1972, Martha and the Vandellas charted over twenty-six hits and recorded in the styles of doo-wop, R&B, pop, blues, rock and roll and soul.

Aretha Franklin

-Privileged but not sheltered; C.L. Franklin; Aretha's exposure -John Hammond and Columbia; then Wexler at Atlantic -Muscle Shoals, and "Fame" -Vocal virtuosity; "Queen of Soul"; "Lady Soul" -"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" -"Respect"; "Think"; "Chain of Fools" Covers popular music

Al Bell

-Producer is an American record producer, songwriter, and record executive. He is best known as having been an executive and co-owner of Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee, during the latter half of the label's 19-year existence. A former disc jockey in his hometown of Little Rock, Arkansas, Bell was vital to the careers of Stax's soul stars such as the Staple SIngers and Isaac Hayes, the Emotions, the Dramatics, and Mel and Tim. Bell's promotional efforts drove the "Memphis sound" internationally and made Stax the second-largest African-American-owned business in the 1970s

Staples Singers

-Southern soul -"Respect Yourself"; "I'll Take You There"

Ray and Dave Davies

-The Kinks "You Really Got Me"; satiric (music hall) "Dedicated Follower of Fashion"; anti-trends; "Lola"--great live concerts Ray Davies (lead vocals, rhythm guitar) and Dave Davies (lead guitar, vocals) remained members throughout the band's 32-year run.

Berry Gordy Jr

-an American record executive, record producer, songwriter, film producer and television producer. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries, which was the highest-earning African-American business for decades -the "Motown" sound; Berry Gordy's vision and objective: the creation of a major crossover to white audiences

The Animals

-from northeast England; Eric Burdon; proletariat sensibility; Chas Chandler on bass were known for their gritty, bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon, as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single, "House of the Rising Sun", as well as by hits such as "We Gotta Get Out of This Place", "It's My Life", "I'm Crying" and "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood". The band balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material. They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion. Underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management. Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals, the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like "San Franciscan Nights", "When I Was Young" and "Sky Pilot", before disbanding at the end of the decade.

George Ivan (Van) Morrison

-fuses blues, soul, and jazz; great lyricist; styled himself after Ray Charles; "Gloria"; "Wild Night" He rose to prominence in the mid-1960s as the lead singer of the Northern Irish R&B band Them, with whom he recorded the garage band classic "Gloria". His solo career began under the pop-hit oriented guidance of Bert Berns with the release of the hit single "Brown Eyed Girl" in 1967.

Brian Jones

-most blues-oriented, other instruments -Jones replaced with Mick Taylor was an English musician, best known as founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones.[3] Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and organ, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone, oboe, and numerous others. Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the "ancient art of weaving" where both players would play both rhythm and lead parts together; Richards would carry the style on with later Stones guitarists and the sound would become a Rolling Stones trademark. A few years after he founded the Rolling Stones as a British blues outfit in 1962, and gave the band its name, Jones' fellow band members Mick Jagger and Keith Richards began to take over the band's musical direction, especially after they became a successful songwriting team. Jones also did not get along with the band's manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, who pushed the band into a musical direction at odds with Jones's blues background. At the same time, Jones developed a drug problem, and his performance in the studio became increasingly unreliable, leading to a diminished role within the band he founded. The Rolling Stones asked Jones to leave in June 1969 and guitarist Mick Taylor took his place in the group. Jones died less than a month later by drowning in the swimming pool at his home while under the influence of drugs.

Eddie Holland

-motown writer with brother

Cholly Atkins

-was an American dancer and vaudeville performer, who later became noted as the house choreographer for the various artists on the Motown label. -groomed artists

Maxine Powell

-was an American etiquette instructor and talent agent. She taught grooming, poise, and social graces to many recording artists at Motown in the 1960s -groomed artists

Ray Charles

-was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and composer. Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called "Brother Ray". He was often referred to as "The Genius". Charles was blind from the age of seven. -He pioneered the soul music genre during the 1950s by combining blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles into the music he recorded for Atlantic Records. He also contributed to the integration of country music, rhythm and blues, and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his two Modern Sounds albums "georgia on my mind" "I got a woman"

Rory Gallagher

-was an Irish blues and rock multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and bandleader "too much alcohol" "souped up ford" "Eric Clapton credited him with 'getting me back into the blues'. The Rolling Stones wanted him to replace Mick Taylor and when Jimi Hendrix was asked how it felt to be the world's greatest guitarist, he is reported to have said: 'I don't know, go ask Rory Gallagher'"

Funk Brothers

Earl Van Dyke (piano), Benny Benjamin (drums), James Jamerson (bass), Robert White/Joe Messina (guitar) -sessions musicians -They are considered one of the most successful groups of studio musicians in music history. The Funk Brothers played on Motown hits such as "My Girl", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "Baby Love", "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", "The Tears of a Clown", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", and "Heat Wave".

Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton

Estelle: was an American record executive and co-founder of Stax Records, along with her brother Jim Stewart. Jim: American record executive and record producer who co-founded Stax Records, one of the leading recording companies during soul and R&B music's heydays in the 1960s and 1970s.

Paul Revere and the Raiders

Garage Rock - ("Just Like Me") is an American rock band that saw considerable U.S. mainstream success in the second half of the 1960s and early 1970s.

Kingsmen

Garage Rock - ("Louie, Louie") are a 1960s beat/garage rock band from Portland, Oregon, United States. They are best known for their 1963 recording of Richard Berry's "Louie Louie"

Seeds

Garage Rock - ("Pushin' Too Hard") The Seeds were an American rock band. The group, whose repertoire spread between garage rock and acid rock, have been termed a freakbeat band.

Sonics

Garage Rock - ("The Witch") Their aggressive, hard-edged sound has been a major influence on punk, garage, and hard rock music worldwide, and they have been named as inspirations to Nirvana, Bruce Springsteen, the Fall, and other major artists. "The Sonics" performed several early rock standards such as "Louie, Louie", and "Skinny Minnie" as well as original compositions like "Strychnine", "Psycho", and "The Witch". Their catalogue is generally based around simple chord progressions, often performed with a speed and tonal aggression that was novel for the time, making the band a notable influence on later punk rock bands.

Electric Prunes

Garage Rock - ("Too Much to Dream Last Night") possessed of "an eerie and sometimes anguished ambiance", and, early on, mainly consisted of material by songwriters Annette Tucker and Nancie Mantz, though the group also penned their own songs. Incorporating psychedelia and elements of embryonic electronic rock, the band's sound was marked by innovative recording techniques with fuzz-toned guitars and oscillating sound effects. In addition, guitarist Ken Williams' and singer James Lowe's concept of "free-form garage music" provided the band with a richer sonic palette and exploratory lyrical structure than many of their contemporaries.

Shadows of Knight

Garage Rock - Blues - "Gloria" who play a form of British blues mixed with influences from their native city. At the time they first started recording, the band's self-description was as follows: "The Stones, Animals and the Yardbirds took the Chicago blues and gave it an English interpretation. We've taken the English version of the Blues and re-added a Chicago touch"

Andy Warhol

In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground. acted as the band's manager, introducing them to Nico (who would perform with the band at Warhol's request). In 1966 he "produced" their first album The Velvet Underground & Nico, as well as providing its album art. His actual participation in the album's production amounted to simply paying for the studio time. After the band's first album, Warhol and band leader Lou Reed started to disagree more about the direction the band should take, and their artistic friendship ended.

Stax

It was a major factor in the creation of Southern soul and Memphis soul music. Stax also released gospel, funk, jazz, and blues recordings. Renowned for its output of blues music, the label was founded by two siblings and business partners, Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton (STewart/AXton = Stax). It featured several popular ethnically integrated bands (including the label's house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s) and a racially integrated team of staff and artists unprecedented in that time of racial strife and tension in Memphis and the South Biggest star - Otis Redding

Swampers

The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, also known as the Swampers, is a group of American studio musicians playing soul, R&B, rock and roll and country, based in the city of Muscle Shoals, Alabama. They have appeared on more than 500 recordings, including 75 gold and platinum hits. Originally the house band at Rick Hall's FAME Studios, the group went on to found their own competing business, the famed Muscle Shoals Sound Studios.

The Kinks

The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, and were briefly part of the British Invasion of the United States until their touring ban in 1965. Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk and country. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies' observational writing style, and are considered one of the most influential groups of the period.

Cyril Davies

Was an English blues musician, and one of the first blues harmonica players in England. He began as a banjo and 12-string guitar player before becoming a Chicago-style blues harmonica player after hearing Little Walter. Korner supplied musicians for the rhythm sections, and Davies recruited Art Wood and Long John Baldry to be the vocalists. They named the group Blues Incorporated, and their initial performances at the Marquee were very well received. However, they realized the need for additional performance opportunities and, since most jazz and folk clubs in London were wary of electric guitars, Davies and Korner decided to found their own club at which they could perform.

Spencer Davis Group

a British rock band formed in Birmingham in 1963, by Spencer Davis with Steve Winwood and his brother, Muff Winwood. Their best known songs include the UK number ones "Somebody Help Me" and "Keep on Running" (both written by reggae musician Jackie Edwards), "I'm a Man" and "Gimme Some Lovin'"

Brian Holland

best known as a member of Holland-Dozier-Holland, the songwriting and production team that was responsible for much of the Motown sound and numerous hit records by artists such as Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Four Tops, and The Isley Brothers. Holland, along with Lamont Dozier, served as the team's musical arranger and producer. "please mr. postman"

John Cale

is a Welsh musician, composer, singer, songwriter and record producer who was a founding member of the American rock band the Velvet Underground.

Violent Femmes

is an American folk punk band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, initially active from 1980 to 2009. The band has since been active again from 2013. The band consists of singer, guitarist and songwriter Gordon Gano, bassist Brian Ritchie and current drummer John Sparrow. many of their well-known songs, including "Blister in the Sun", "Kiss Off", "Add It Up" and "Gone Daddy Gone", Violent Femmes became the band's biggest-selling album and was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA. Violent Femmes went on to become one of the most successful alternative rock bands of the 1980s.

Steve Cropper

is an American guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the guitarist of the Stax Records house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, which backed artists such as Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor. He also acted as the producer of many of these records. He was later a member of the Blues Brothers band

Mo Tucker

is an American musician and singer best known for having been the drummer for the New York City-based rock band the Velvet Underground. Tucker's style of playing was unconventional. She played standing up rather than seated (for easier access to the bass drum), using a simplified drum kit of tom toms, a snare drum and an upturned bass drum, playing with mallets rather than drumsticks. She rarely used cymbals; she claimed that since she felt the purpose of a drummer was simply to "keep time", cymbals were unnecessary for this purpose and drowned out the other instruments.

Jonathan Richman

is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970 he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band. Since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key, acoustic and electric, backing. Currently, he plays only acoustic to protect his hearing. He is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world.

Lamont Dozier

is an American songwriter and record producer, born in Detroit, Michigan. Dozier has co-written and produced 14 US Billboard number 1 hits and 4 number ones in the UK

Jimmy Page

is an English musician, songwriter, and record producer who achieved international success as the guitarist and founder of the rock band Led Zeppelin. Page began his career as a studio session musician in London and, by the mid-1960s, alongside Big Jim Sullivan, was one of the most sought-after session guitarists in Britain. He was a member of the Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968. In late 1968, he founded Led Zeppelin. Page is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential guitarists of all time.

Andrew Oldham

is an English record producer, talent manager, impresario and author. He was manager and producer of the Rolling Stones from 1963 to 1967, and was noted for his flamboyant style. Oldham saw potential in the group being positioned as an "anti-Beatles" - a rougher group compared to the "cuddly moptop" image of the Beatles at that time. promoting a "bad boy" image for the Rolling Stones in contrast to the Beatles. Oldham generated widely reprinted headlines like "Would You Let Your Sister Go with a Rolling Stone?" and provocative album-cover notes such as a satirical incitement to fans to mug a blind beggar for funds to buy the album.

Jeff Beck

is an English rock guitarist. He is one of the three noted guitarists to have played with The Yardbirds (the other two being Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page). Beck also formed The Jeff Beck Group and with Tim Bogert and Carmine Appice he formed Beck, Bogert & Appice. Much of Beck's recorded output has been instrumental, with a focus on innovative sound, and his releases have spanned genres ranging from blues rock, hard rock, and an additional blend of guitar-rock and electronica. Although he recorded two hit albums (in 1975 and 1976) as a solo act, Beck has not established or maintained the sustained commercial success of many of his contemporaries and bandmates.

Eric Burdon

is an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was previously the vocalist of rock band The Animals and funk band War. He is regarded as one of the British Invasion's most distinct singers with his deep, powerful blues-rock voice. He is also known for his aggressive stage performances.

Booker T. and the M.G.'s.

is an instrumental R&B/funk band that was influential in shaping the sound of Southern soul and Memphis soul. The original members of the group were Booker T. Jones (organ, piano), Steve Cropper (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass), and Al Jackson Jr. (drums). In the 1960s, as members of the house band of Stax Records, they played on hundreds of recordings by artists such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas, Johnnie Taylor and Albert King.

Nico

was a German singer, songwriter, musician, model, and actress who came to prominence in the 1960s as a Warhol superstar. She is known for her vocals on the Velvet Underground's debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967), and her work as a solo artist.

Jerry Wexler

was a music journalist-turned music producer, and was one of the main record industry players behind music from the 1950s through the 1980s. He coined the term "rhythm and blues", and was integral in signing and/or producing many of the biggest acts of the time, including Ray Charles, the Allman Brothers, Chris Connor, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dire Straits, Dusty Springfield and Bob Dylan -At Atlantic with Aretha Franklin

Sterling Morrison

was an American guitarist, best known as one of the founding members of the rock group the Velvet Underground, usually playing electric guitar, occasionally bass guitar, and singing backing vocals. Unlike bandmates Lou Reed, John Cale, Maureen Tucker and Nico, Morrison never released a solo album or made recordings under his own name, but nevertheless, he was an essential element of the group's sound as a conventional guitarist to Reed's experimental guitar style.

Robert Quine

was an American guitarist, known for his innovative guitar solos. worked with a wide range of musicians, though he himself remained relatively unknown in comparison. Critic Mark Demming writes "Quine's eclectic style embraced influences from jazz, rock, and blues players of all stripes, and his thoughtful technique and uncompromising approach led to rewarding collaborations with a number of visionary musicians" His collaborators included Richard Hell & the Voidoids, Lou Reed (notably on The Blue Mask), Brian Eno (on Nerve Net and many unreleased recordings), John Zorn, Ikue Mori, Marc Ribot, Marianne Faithfull (Strange Weather)

Lou Reed

was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was the lead guitarist, singer and principal songwriter for the rock band the Velvet Underground, with a solo career that spanned five decades. The Velvet Underground achieved little commercial success during their existence, but are now regarded as one of the most influential bands in rock, underground, and alternative music. After leaving the band in 1970, he released 20 solo studio albums. Reed's second solo album, Transformer (1972), produced by David Bowie and arranged by Mick Ronson, brought Reed mainstream recognition. In the 1990s Reed participated in a revival of the Velvet Underground, and made several more albums, including a tribute to his mentor Andy Warhol.

Sky Saxon

was an American rock and roll musician, best known as the leader and singer of the 1960s Los Angeles psychedelic garage rock band The Seeds.

Velvet Underground

was an American rock band formed in 1964 in New York City by singer/guitarist Lou Reed, multi-instrumentalist John Cale, guitarist Sterling Morrison, and drummer Angus MacLise (replaced by Moe Tucker in 1965). The band was initially active between 1965 and 1973, and was briefly managed by the pop artist Andy Warhol, serving as the house band at the Factory and Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable events from 1966 to 1967. Their debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico (with German-born singer and model Nico), was released in 1967 to critical indifference and poor sales, but over time has been critically acclaimed; it was called the "most prophetic rock album ever made" by Rolling Stone in 2003. The band's integration of rock and the avant-garde achieved little commercial success during their existence, but they are now recognized as one of the most influential bands in rock, underground, experimental, and alternative music. The provocative subject matter, musical experimentation, and often nihilistic attitudes explored in the band's work would prove influential in the development of punk rock and new wave music.

Jimi Hendrix

was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. Within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: "Hey Joe", "Purple Haze", and "The Wind Cries Mary". He achieved fame in the U.S. after his performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and in 1968 his third and final studio album, Electric Ladyland, reached number one in the U.S.; it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his first and only number one album. The world's highest-paid performer, he headlined the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970, before his accidental death from barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at the age of 27. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues. He favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a wah-wah pedal in mainstream rock, and was the first artist to use stereophonic phasing effects in music recordings.

Rosetta Tharpe

was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and recording artist. As a pioneer of mid-20th-century music, she attained popularity in the 1930s and 1940s with her gospel recordings, characterized by a unique mixture of spiritual lyrics and rhythmic accompaniment that was a precursor of rock and roll. She was the first great recording star of gospel music and among the first gospel musicians to appeal to rhythm-and-blues and rock-and-roll audiences, later being referred to as "the original soul sister" and "the Godmother of rock and roll". Tharpe was a pioneer in her guitar technique; she was among the first popular recording artists to use heavy distortion on her electric guitar, presaging the rise of electric blues. Her guitar playing technique had a profound influence on the development of British blues in the 1960s; in particular a European tour with Muddy Waters in 1963 with a stop in Manchester is cited by prominent British guitarists such as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Keith Richards.

Them

were a Northern Irish band formed in Belfast in April 1964, most prominently known for the garage rock standard "Gloria" and launching singer Van Morrison's musical career. The original five member band consisted of Morrison, Alan Henderson, Ronnie Milling, Billy Harrison and Eric Wrixon. The group was marketed in the United States as part of the British Invasion. Morrison quit the band in 1966 and went on to a successful career as a solo artist. Despite their relatively few hit singles, the Belfast group had considerable influence on other bands, such as the Doors.

Blues Incorporated

were an English blues band formed in London in 1961, led by Alexis Korner and including at various times Jack Bruce, Charlie Watts, Terry Cox, Davy Graham, Ginger Baker, Long John Baldry, Ronnie Jones, Danny Thompson, Graham Bond, Cyril Davies, Malcolm Cecil and Dick Heckstall-Smith. In 1961 Korner and Davies formed Blues Incorporated, the first amplified R&B band in Britain. This brought together many more fans of blues and R&B music including Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Rod Stewart, Paul Jones, John Mayall, Zoot Money and Jimmy Page, some of whom would occasionally sit in on Blues Incorporated performances. Watts left the group around this time to join the Rolling Stones and suggested Ginger Baker as his replacement.

Rolling Stones

•Kings of Swinging London •Jagger meets Richards "at the •Keith Richards (Chuck Berry- influenced) •Mick Jagger (soul and blues) •Charlie Watts (jazz drummer); Bill Wyman (bassist) •Andrew Oldham and "bad-boy" image--friends with Beatles station" •Korner's significance •Brian Jones most blues-oriented, other instruments •Provocative, nasty, gritty sound •First album in 1964 ("Little Red Rooster" signature cover) •1965--pop/rock sound; youth anthem with "Satisfaction" •Ed Sullivan •Aftermath (1966)--Jones on marimba, dulcimer, and sitar •1967--increasing drug/legal problems for Jones, Jagger, and Richards •Beggar's Banquet--masterpiece •Jones replaced with Mick Taylor

Steve Winwood

•Spencer Davis Group -is an English musician whose genres include rock, blue-eyed soul, rhythm and blues, blues rock, pop rock, and jazz. Though primarily a vocalist and keyboardist, Winwood also plays bass guitar, drums, acoustic and electric guitar, mandolin, violin, and other strings. Winwood was a key member of The Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, Blind Faith and Go. He also had a successful solo career with hits including "While You See a Chance", "Valerie", "Back in the High Life Again" and two US Billboard Hot 100 number ones: "Higher Love" and "Roll with It".