Rocks And Minerals Jazmin
What is the definition of foliated?
When Metamorphic rocks which contain layers of crystals and have bands and stripes of different minerals (Gneiss, Schist, Slate)
What is the definition of Nonfoliated?
When Metamorphic rocks which do not contain layers of crystals (Marble, Quartzite)
What is an Extrusive Igneous rock?
Where rocks are formed when lava cools quickly on earth's surface forms this type of rock with no visible crystals, smooth texture or with gas pockets and holes. ( Obsidian, basalt, scoria, pumice)
What is Diorite?
A speckled, coarse-grained Intrusive Igneous rock
What is Amethyst?
A valuable Mineral stone that has a lot of a violet or purple variety of quartz.
What is Granite?
A very hard, rough, crystalline Intrusive, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz.
What is Pumice?
An Extrusive Igneous rock and is light and spongy and turns into a cement structure rapidly.
What is a crystal?
An inorganic solid whose molecules or atoms are arranged in ordered, repeating, three dimensional shapes.
What is chemicals made up of and some of its' examples?
Chemicals is made up from solutions and its' example are Halite, and Gypsum
What is clastic made up of and some of its' examples?
Clastic is made up of fragments Clastics examples are Sandstone, Siltstone, Conglomerate, and Shale.
What are Sedimentaries 3 classifications?
Clastic, Chemical, and Organic.
What are rocks that are found in nature?
Naturally Occurring rocks
What is Serpentine?
Non - Foliated Metamorphic and is a dark green mineral
What is Jade?
Non-Foliated Metamorphic and is used for ornaments
What are inorganic rocks?
Not alive or never living
What is Coral?
Organic Sedimentary
What is Organic
Organic sedimentary is a rock that has a lot of organic carbon. The most common types include coal, oil shale, or black shale.
What is organic formed from and what are some of its' examples?
Organic- Rocks being formed from the remains of living things. (Ex: Limestone, Fossil, and Coal.)
What is Riolite?
Riolite is an Extrusive Igneous rock and has a pale fine-grain
What is Quartzite and how is it formed?
A Non- foliated metamorphic rock. It's formed when quartz, sandstone, or chert has been exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
What is Chert?
A Non-Foliated Metamorphic and has a hard, dark, opaque rock and microscopically fine-grained texture
What is a streak?
A Streak describes the color of the powdered form of a mineral and is found using a "streak plate" which is a porcelain tile
What is Gabbro?
A dark, coarse-grained Intrusive Igneous rock
What is Basalt?
A dark, fine-grained Extrusive Igneous
What is Slate?
A fine-grained foliated metamorphic rock and can be easily split into smooth, flat pieces.
What is Limestone?
A hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of CALCIUM CARBONATE and is an Organic Sedimentary
What is Limestone?
A hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of CALCIUM CARBONATE or dolomite
What is Obsidian?
A hard, dark, glasslike Extrusive Igneous rock
What is Aragonite?
A mineral that has a lot of calcium carbonate and is an Organic Sedimentary
Describe Moh's Scale of Hardness and what it explains.
A mineral's resistance to scratching and is based on a scale of 1-10 with 1 being softest (talc) and 10 being the hardest (diamond)
What is a mineral?
A naturally-occurring, inorganic solid which owns a characteristic internal atomic structure and a definite chemical composition.
What is hardness?
A physical property of minerals and describes the resistance to scratching.
What is Fracture?
A physical property of minerals which describes a jagged rough break in a mineral when struck with a hammer
What is Luster?
A physical property of minerals which describes how light reflects off of a mineral (metallic or nonmetallic).
What is a cleavage?
A physical property that describes a clean smooth break along flat plains when a mineral is hit with a hammer
What is Coal?
A rock consisting mainly of CARBONIZED PLANT MATTER and is an Organic Sedimentary
What is Schist?
A rough grained Foliated metamorphic rock that consists of layers of different minerals. This rock consists of mudstone or shale.
What is the rock cycle?
A series of processes by which rocks can change from one type to another.
What is Gypsum made up of ?
A soft white or gray mineral consisting of hydrated CALCIUM SULFATE.
What is a rock?
A solid inorganic naturally occurring in a mixture of minerals
What are Crystalline Solids?
A solid material whose divisions, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure.
What are the nine specific properties you need to find as a result of its chemical composition and crystal structure?
Color, Luster, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness, Crystal, Shape, and Density.
What is Conglomerate?
Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments
What are colors?
Describes wavelength of light reflected off the surface of the mineral.
What is Scoria?
Extrusive Igneous
What is Talc?
Foliated Metamorphic.
What is Gneiss and how does it form?
Gneiss is a foliated, metamorphic rock. It is formed by the transformation of granite, or sedimentary rock.
What is Halite made up of?
Halite is made up of rock salt and evaporite and the mineral is formed of sodium chloride
How are Igneous rocks formed?
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens.
What is an Intrusive Igneous rock?
Intrusive Igneous rock is formed when magma cools slowly within the earth and has a rough texture and large crystal size. (Granite, Diorite and Gabbro)
What is Galena?
Intrusive, Igneous
What is Bismuth ?
Intrusive,Igneous and a reddish-gray metal look
What is Marble?
Marble is a non- foliated metamorphic rock formed when limestone is exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
How are Metamorphic rocks formed?
Metamorphic rocks are formed by temperature and pressure changes inside the Earth.
What is Metamorphic and what are its' 2 classifications?
Metamorphic rocks are formed deep within the Earth when heat and pressure change the rock without melting. 1st classification ; Foliated- bands or strips of different minerals (Gneiss, Schist, Slate) and Non-foliated- (Marble and Quartzite)
What are Moh's Scale of Hardness?
Moh's Scale of Hardness: 1=talc easily scratched 2=Gypsum can be scratched 3=Calcite barely can be scratched 4= Fluorite=Easily scratched by steel or glass 5=Apatite=Can be scratched by steel or glass 6=Feldspar=Scratches glass difficulty 7=Quartz=Easily scratches glass and steel 8=Topaz=Scratches Quartz 9 =Corundum = hard, tough 10= Diamond=Scratches everything.
How are rocks made up?
Rocks are mostly made up of different kinds of crystals or broken pieces of crystals or broken pieces of rocks.
What are Sedimentary Rocks?
Rocks formed from particles or solutions of weathered rocks and minerals
What are Chemical Sedimentary Rocks?
Rocks formed from the remains of living things. (fossils)
What is Sandstone?
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock made up mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.
How are Sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when the products of weathering or rain are on the Earth's surface.
What are Sediments?
Sediments are weathered rock materials (fragments) which have been eroded. (sand, silt,clay)
What is Shale?
Shale is a Clastic sedimentary rock that formed from hard mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile plates.
What is Siltstone?
Siltstone is a Clastic fine-grained sedimentary rock made up of silt.
What is sulfur?
Sulfur is an Extrusive Igneous rock and has a non-metallic substance
What is Moh's Scale of Hardness include? (in order)
Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Feldspar, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond
Where are Indigenous rocks found?
The most common igneous rock Basalt makes up most of the oceanic plates and is found at divergent plate boundaries. Also most igneous rock activity occurs at divergent plate boundaries.
What's the difference between an Intrusive and Extrusive rock?
The way they cool.
What are Clastic (detrital) Sedimentary Rocks made of?
They are made of fragments of other rocks (Sandstone, shale, conglomerate)