Rocks and Minerals - Rock Cycle - Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition - Energy Sources
Oxidation
A chemical change in which oxygen turns iron in rock to rust.
mineral
A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
Rock cycle
A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
metamorphic rock
Examine the picture of the rock. What type of rock is this?
sedimentary rock
Examine the picture of the rock. What type of rock is this?
Metamorphic
Forms from heat and pressure
Sedimentary
Forms from weathering and erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation
Vitreous
Glassy
the crystals are smaller
If minerals cool quickly in the magma chambers the crystals are larger or smaller?
the crystals are larger
If minerals cool slowly in the magma chambers the crystals are larger or smaller?
Metamorphic Foliated
Metamorphic rock where the minerals from thin bands that look like stripes.
Special Properties
Only some minerals have these. Some of them are double image, reactivity, or magnetism.
Acid Rain
Pollution combines with water to form acid which dissolves rock quickly
Ice wedging
Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
how they form
Rocks are classified into 3 major groups based on___________________.
hardness test
Scrapping a mineral with an object to see how hard or soft it is on a scale of 1-10
Inorganic
Something that does not come from a living thing (no carbon).
Naturally Occurring
Something that is not man made.
Weathering
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by mechanical or chemical weathering.
Abrasion
The grinding away of rock by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Diamond
The hardest mineral.
Chemical Weathering
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Mohs' Hardness Scale
The scale used to determine how hard a mineral is
Talc
The softest mineral.
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
The three types of rocks that are named based on the way they form
Mechanical Weathering
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
luster
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Intrusive Igneous Rock
This igneous rock formed underground as magma cools slowly. Because it cools slowly, the crystals inside the rock grow very large.
Extrusive Igneous Rock
This igneous rock forms as erupted lava cools quickly on Earth's surface. Because it cools so quickly, these rocks have very, very tiny crystals.
Lava
This is molten rock that is on Earth's surface. For this to happen, it has to erupt from a volcano
Magma
This is molten rock underneath Earth's surface
Color
This test is a simple one and does not require any equipment. All you have to do is look at its HUE.
Hardness
This test is used to determine how hard a mineral is
Water Erosion
Transports large objects with fast moving streams and wears away rock
Weathering and Erosion
What are the green arrows?
Melting
What are the orange arrows?
Compaction and Cementation
What forms Sedimentary?
Cooling
What forms igneous rocks?
Melting
What forms magma?
Heat and Pressure
What forms metamorphic rocks?
Weathering and Erosion
What forms sediments?
Sediments
What is X?
Igneous
What is letter A?
Metamorphic
What is letter B?
Sedimentary
What is letter C?
Cooling
What is the blue arrow?
Compaction and Cementation
What is the purple arrow?
Heat and Pressure
What is the red arrow?
Fracture
When a mineral does not split evenly, it does this...
Cleavage
When a mineral splits apart evenly, it does this...
mineral
a naturally occurring solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
foliation
any plannar arrangement of mineral grains
Ice Wedging
example of Mechanical Weathering
Acid Rain
example of chemical erosion
Small Crystals
fast cooling forms
Fine-grained
fast rate of cooling (basalt)
Igneous
forms from melting and cooling
Minerals break like this
fracturing, cleaving
cleavage
in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
Deposition
laying down of sediment that has been transported by wind, water, or ice
organic
living or once living
weathering
proces by which rocks are WORN away or BROKEN down into smaller pieces by wind, water, heat, or ice
erosion
process by which rocks and sediments are picked up and MOVED to another place by ice, water, wind, etc.
deposition
process in which sediments, soil and rocks are ADDED to a land form or land mass
cementation/lithification
process of the binding of the particles together by natural cements to form sandstone
sediment
rocks that have been broken down into fragments
Large Crystals
slow cooling forms
Coarse-grained
slow rate of cooling (granite)
inorganic
something that is not made up of living things or the remains of living things
Tests to identify minerals.
streak/color, hardness, luster, cleavage, specific gravity, magnetism, and reaction to acid
crystalline structure
structure of a mineral
streak
the color of a mineral in powdered form
density
the measure of mass in a given amount of volume; mass/volume
Erosion
the movement of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Fracture
the way the mineral breaks
delta
where sediments are deposited when a river end there.