Rocks Test

Which of the following is NOT an influencing factor that transforms pre-existing rocks into metamorphic rocks?

Wind

Which type of sedimentary rock is composed of mineral crystals that form out of solution?

Chemical

Which of the following is a key difference between detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks?

Chemical sedimentary rock is formed from dissolved material.

If you looked at a sedimentary rock and noticed that it had some layers lying at angles (i.e. not parallel) to the usual horizontal layers, which sedimentary structure would be present?

Cross-Bedding

What is the order of minerals formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's Reaction Series as the temperature drops?

Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Biotite

Which sedimentary rock forms when clay-sized grains are cemented together?

Shale

What is the sequence of metamorphism with foliated rocks?

Shale - Slate - Phyllite - Schist - Gneiss

Shale can be metamorphosed into slate. Which of the following describes the relationship between shale and slate?

Shale is the protolith of slate.

Halite is an example of a mineral found in rocks that forms from the evaporation of water, making it which of the following?

An evaporite.

In magmatic differentiation, why do the crystals that have solidified within the magma tend to sink?

Because they become more dense than the surrounding magma.

If we know that a hornfels rock was formed through contact metamorphism, then what do we know about this rock's history?

Before it was hornfels, it came into contact with magma, baking it into a hornfels.

Which of the following minerals in the continuous series of Bowen's Reaction Series forms at the highest temperature?

Calcium-Rich Plagioclase

Detrital sedimentary rocks are mainly classified by the size of their grains. Which of the following grain sizes is smallest?

Clay

Siltstone is a secondary rock formed from particles of weathered rock accumulating and becoming compact. Which of the following categories does this type of rock best fit into?

Detrital sedimentary

On a school trip Jenny learned about a gigantic volcanic eruption and saw some of the rocks formed. Which kind of rocks were these?

Extrusive igneous

Which of the following rocks are light-colored rocks that contain a lot of feldspar and quartz?

Felsic rocks

What causes the sedimentary structure referred to as mud cracks to form?

Fine-grained, muddy sediments dry and shrink, and then get filled in with other sediments.

David is analyzing a rock. He knows that it was revealed by erosion and he can see large crystal structures through the magnifying glass. Which kind of rock is David analyzing?

Granite

If you found a rock that appeared to have been formed directly from volcanic activity, how would you classify it?

Igneous rock.

Which of the terms below is used to describe rocks made from the cooling and solidifying of magma?

Igneous rocks

What can happen to an igneous rock after it is formed?

It can be transformed to metamorphic rock.

Which of the following terms is defined as the process that explains how different igneous rocks can form from a single magma melt?

Magmatic differentiation

Which of the following minerals would be found abundantly in mafic rocks?

Magnesium and iron

The parent rock limestone can be metamorphosed into which of the following nonfoliated rocks?

Marble

When a parent rock is changed due to high pressure or temperature, which type of rock is formed?

Metamorphic

Which metamorphic process results in the chemical composition of a rock changing due to fluids and heat?

Metasomatism

Which metamorphic process is at work when shale that contains clay minerals produces the new mineral garnet?

Neometamorphism

Which metamorphic process results in the formation of new minerals?

Neometamorphism

When limestone undergoes metamorphism to become marble, the size of the crystals change, but the composition remains unchanged. This is an example of which metamorphic process?

Recrystallization

Which sedimentary structure is described as small, wavy ridges of sediment and might indicate that the rock originated in a stream bed, lake, or on a beach?

Ripple Marks

If you wanted to collect sedimentary rocks, what sort of characteristics would you look for in a rock's composition?

Rock made from eroded material broken off other rocks and cemented together.

What arrangement would you expect to see if there was graded bedding present?

Sediments deposited with large, heavy grains near the base of the layer and small, fine grains at the top.

Which of the following terms is used to describe the layering found in sedimentary rocks?

Stratification

The texture of igneous rocks will depend greatly on which of the following factors?

The rate at which they cool.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of foliated rocks?

They are banded and contain many different kinds of minerals.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about phaneritic rocks?

They are fine-grained rocks.

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning detrital sedimentary rocks?

They precipitate out of solution when water evaporates.

How long does it usually take for a rock to make a complete trip through the rock cycle?

Thousands of years

Which of the following rocks contain mainly magnesium and iron and very little silica?

Ultramafic rocks

Rocks that are transformed into different rocks under intense heat and pressure are known as _____.

metamorphic rocks