S2 Units 3 & 4 AWS 2022
Machine learning (ML)
A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) where computer systems learn and improve from data without additional human programming.
Stack
A collection of Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources that you can manage as a single unit. In other words, you can create, update, or delete a collection of resources by creating, updating, or deleting stacks.
Which of the following is a need that CloudFormation can help address? (Select THREE)
A company wants to set up a secure cloud environment with constantly updating production, development, and test environments for new releases. A company wants to host its software products in the cloud and securely exchange software products, payment, and updates with customers. A company would like to reconfigure cryptocurrency websites for more secure transactions.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of how a professional sports league might use ML?
A computer model makes long-term forecasts of players' future statistics based on constantly updating factors.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A computer system able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages
Artificial intelligence (AI)
A computer system able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages
Decentralized database
A database that doesn't have a single location; instead, pieces of information are stored in different locations that are all connected to each other.
Blockchain
A decentralized database technology that maintains a continually growing set of transactions and smart contracts secured against tampering and revision using cryptography.
Which scenarios describe loT solutions? (Select TWO)
A delivery company has difficulty monitoring its drivers, delivery schedules, and vehicle performance. The company sets up sensors that can report on vehicle repair needs, drivers' vital signs, and traffic. An application lets vacationers keep a check on their dwelling through fire, smoke, water, and motion sensors that connect to user devices.
AWS DeepLens
A fully programmable video camera, with tutorials, code, and pretrained models designed to expand ML skills
Hash
A mathematical function used in cryptography that takes in a data input, such as a list of all transactions, and returns a new string of a fixed length.
Churn
A mathematical model that helps a business determine how long a customer will stay and how much they might purchase during that time.
Neural network
A model or algorithm that is designed to make decisions in a way similar to a human brain
Neural network
A model or algorithm that is designed to make decisions in a way similar to a human brain.
Dashboard
A read-only snapshot of an analysis that you can share with other users for reporting purposes. The data used for the analysis isn't captured as part of the dashboard. When you view the dashboard, it reflects the current data in the datasets used by the analysis.
Algorithm
A set of rules for a calculation to follow
Algorithm
A set of rules for a calculation to follow to perform a task or make a decision.
Which of the following types of situations can be addressed by an AI product? (Select THREE)
A shipping company wants to customize client advertisements based on previous purchases. A sports league wants to perform real-time analytics of concession sales to modify pricing throughout markets. AI solutions are ubiquitous with the internet. An online human resources firm wants to analyze historical application trends to predict future trends in recruitment.
Smart contract
A smart contract has the terms of the agreement written within the code. The code exists on a blockchain network. The code controls the execution of the contract. Transactions can be tracked and cannot be reversed. Smart contracts enable transactions between anonymous parties without the need for a central authority, legal system, or external enforcement mechanism.
Machine learning (ML)
A subset of AI in which a computer algorithm can modify its own behavior
Apache Hadoop
A technology for managing large volumes of data in a distributed environment. Hadoop was developed by Apache and is now available to run on clusters of virtual servers in an AWS Cloud.
Supervised learning
A type of ML in which the computer system learns from human-labeled or human-tagged data sources
Unsupervised learning
A type of ML in which the computer system learns to analyze patterns in unlabeled or unstructured data points
Reinforcement learning
A type of ML that relies on the computer system improving its decision making as it learns from rewards it receives
Which of the following are ethical dilemmas caused by artificial intelligence (AI) implementation? (Select TWO)
AI making medical decisions How humans treat robots
Which description most accurately reflects the value of using AI to resolve a global issue?
AI solutions can allow for wider, quicker access to resources.
Cryptocurrency mining (or cryptomining)
Adding transactions to the existing blockchain ledger of transactions distributed among all users of a blockchain.
Which use cases describe Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT services? (Select THREE)
An app connects televisions with Alexa. A service manages cameras, videos, and user devices and connects them through the cloud. A smart belt that workers wear. It sends data about the workers to the cloud to help manage their systems.
Deep learning
An artificial intelligence (AI) learning process; the process of the AI scanning the artificial neural network
Which of the following scenarios describes the use of ML to create deep learning? (Select TWO)
An automobile navigation system analyzes multiple layers of data including road conditions, weather, traffic, and time of day to constantly update the best route to take. An image recognition application on a locking system uses multiple algorithms for each different part or aspect of the user's face or fingerprint. The algorithms work together as non-linear nodes.
Data
Any piece of information stored and/or processed by a computer or mobile device.
Which examples are use cases for ML? (Select THREE)
Application algorithms decide what advertisements you are likely to be interested in. SageMaker creates a model to test for fraudulent credit card purchases. A smart thermostat uses the owner's setting history to forecast the time to turn on and off in the future.
Big data
Big data can be described in terms of data management challenges that—because of vastly increased volume, velocity, and variety of data—cannot be solved with traditional databases. While there are plenty of definitions for big data, most of them include the concept of what is commonly known as the three Vs of big data: volume, variety, and velocity.
Which of the following statements are true concerning blockchains? (Select TWO)
Blockchains are fast., Blockchains can store transactions such as health records or manufacturing records.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes blockchain applications?
Blockchains can transform business transactions that involve trusting a central authority.
How can a travel company use ML to sell more vacation trips?
By analyzing consumer demographics, social media likes, and other purchases to create personalized, targeted advertisements
Choose the answer that represents the typical order for the phases of the big data processing cycle.
Collect, store, process and analyze, consume and visualize
Which type of analytics focuses on hindsight and tries to answer the question "What happened?"
Descriptive analytics
Cryptocurrency
Digital tokens implemented using blockchain technologies that share some of the qualities of hard currency and can be bought, traded, and spent independent of a central banking authority.
Which of the following are capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) services from Amazon Web Services (AWS)? (Select TWO)
Discover insights and relationships in text Increase forecast accuracy using machine learning (ML)
Sensors
Electronic devices that detect outside components
What does ETL stand for in relation to big data processing?
Extract, transform, and load
Hardening (data or systems)
Hardening means to reduce vulnerabilities in a technology. The goal is to reduce security risk.
Which examples show ways that businesses can use ML? (Select THREE)
Healthcare providers can use models and algorithms to help diagnose patients, suggest medications, or determine treatment options. Stock market managers can use analytical models to predict future performance of companies and financial markets. An image recognition app uses algorithms to determine what an item is and where the user can purchase it.
Immutable transactions
Immutability means that something cannot be changed. Therefore, an immutable transaction is one that cannot be changed. Blockchain data cannot be altered.
Which of the following statements are true concerning blockchain? (Select THREE).
It relies on cryptographic hashes to verify transactions., It relies on an open distributed ledger., It relies on unanimous agreement among its participants.
Data training
Labeling the data or developing a mathematical model from training data that facilitates predictions to be made about new data.
What best describes the function of AWS CloudFormation?
Launching the infrastructure of a cloud-based network
Deep learning
Machine learning (ML) models that make complex decisions based on many pieces of unstructured data. Deep learning usually involves the use of neural networks.
How can Amazon Web Services (AWS) users create a machine learning (ML) algorithm?
Make prediction models using preset Amazon SageMaker functions.
Big data processing cycle
Model of the common flow of big data—from the collection of raw data to consumption of actionable information.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the risks of big data?
Regulations concerning big data are often confusing, not enforceable, or not current.
Which data type is best suited for storage in a relational database?
Structured
What does it mean when a blockchain transaction is secured or hardened by cryptographic hashes? (Select TWO)
Techniques have been used to reduce security risks and prevent alterations., Each block in the blockchain contains the hash of the previous block.
Data analytics
Technologies and processes that turn raw data into insight for making decisions. Analytics involves choosing and applying statistical models to datasets to show patterns or trends, and is particularly important when trying to draw conclusions from big data.
What is the ELIZA effect?
Tendency to perceive computer systems as having greater human-like qualities than they do
Recognition
The ability of a computer system to recognize patterns in images, video, text, or sound, and make a decision or categorical assignment.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
The ability of computer systems to perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.
What scenario describes a way that banks might want to use ML for predictions?
The bank's computer system can analyze customer credit card purchase data, and determine when fraud might have occurred based on constantly updating data and algorithms.
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
The connection of millions of devices that exchange data
How is the loT dependent on cloud technology? (Select THREE)
The data shared between devices passes through the cloud. The amount of data and devices would require too much storage for local servers. The cloud is needed as a place to analyze data from more than one device.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
The field of computer science dedicated to solving cognitive problems that are commonly associated with human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and pattern recognition. AI becomes smarter and learns faster with more data. Every day, businesses are generating this fuel for running machine learning (ML) and deep learning solutions. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), sensor technology exponentially adds to the amount of data to be analyzed—data from sources, places, objects, and events that have previously been nearly untouched.
Machine learning (ML)
The name commonly applied to a number of Bayesian (statistical) techniques used for pattern recognition and learning. ML is often used to predict future outcomes based on historical data. At its core, ML is a collection of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions based on recorded data. ML uses data to generate statistical code (an ML model) that will output the right result based on a pattern recognized from previous examples of input. The accuracy of an ML model is based mainly on the quality and quantity of the historical data.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The network of common, everyday devices embedded with sensors and communication technologies for sending and receiving data over the internet. Basically, IoT is made up of many different devices connected to the internet, such as smartphones, watches, appliances, and even cars.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The network of common, everyday devices embedded with sensors and communication technologies, letting them send and receive data over the Internet. Basically, IoT is made up of many different devices connected to the internet, such as smartphones, watches, appliances, and even cars.
Training
The process of providing more example data points to a computer system so it can learn
Infrastructure as code (IaC)
The process of provisioning and managing cloud resources by writing a template file that is human readable and machine consumable. For Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud development, the built-in choice for IaC is AWS CloudFormation.
Data processing
The step in which data is transformed from its raw state into a consumable format—usually by means of cleaning, sorting, aggregating, joining, and even performing more advanced functions and algorithms. The resulting datasets are then stored for further processing or made available for consumption through business intelligence and data visualization tools.
A new company without a large IT department wants to set up a dynamic website for its business. What is likely to be the most efficient plan?
Use AWS templates to configure services without needing coding expertise or network hardware.
Forecasting
Using an algorithm to analyze data patterns to make predictions
Forecasting
Using an algorithm to analyze data patterns to make predictions.
What function describes deep learning?
Using complex machine learning (ML) functions to make sense out of unstructured data in a neural network like a human brain
Alejandro Rosalez is very interested in early jazz music and its evolution. He has set up a database to collect the data he finds, which might include photos, sound files, maps, personal diaries, and song lyrics. Which of the following characteristics of big data applies to the types and sources of data that Alejandro will collect and store?
Variety
Which of the following characteristics of big data requires that the data be collected and processed at high speeds?
Velocity
Data sharing
When data is sent from one place to another or when access is given to more than one user
Which phone features are strongly impacted by ML? (Select THREE)
When you log in to an application store, there are personalized suggested purchases. You can create a lock for your phone by swiping your fingerprint or giving several passes of eyes. A voice assistant learns to recognize the owner's voice even when there is music, noise, or wind in the background.
Which statements describe the loT? (Select THREE)
Your company's printer senses it is low on toner. The system sends a command to the warehouse, which ships out a new toner to you. Your coffee maker turns on and begins brewing after your smart watch senses you are waking. A car has sensors that can tell when there is a crash. The car's system accesses Uits location and sends an alert to the police and rescue closest to the accident.
