S520 Final: Work and Families

What % of people in the US think the ideal situation for women with young children is working full-time? What % of people in the US think the ideal situation for men with young children is working full-time?

12% 70%

% of women in the workforce with children under age 1: 1968: ______% 2016: ______%

20 58

"One Sick Child Away From Being Fired" Only about ____ states in the nation have laws that dictate exact age limits under which children should never be left home unsupervised. Most states leave the decision up to the ______. _____ may interfere when a child is in harm's way.

3 parents courts

% of two-parent households where both parents work full time: 1970: _______% 2015: _______%

31 46

% of fathers who did not work outside the home: 1989: 2016:

4% 7%

Over ____ percent of food and public accommodation workers don't have any paid sick days.

80

Why Do Women Tend to Do More Housework? Time availability

The partner with greater obligations away from home tends to do less since that person has less time available.

Why Do Women Tend to Do More Housework? Relative economic resources

The partner with more personal resources (typically a higher salary) tends to do less.

Why Do Women Tend to Do More Housework? Gender

Women and men "do gender" through housework.

FMLA Reasons for taking leave: -Unpaid leave must be granted for any of the following care-related reasons: --______, adoption, foster care --Spouse, son, daughter, or parent, who has a ______ health condition --Own serious _____ condition

birth serious health

What caused the change in women's labor force participation? 3 reasons:

deindustrialization rise in women's education demographic changes (divorce rate, age at first marriage, age at first birth)

The motherhood penalty could be seen as employer _______ against mothers.

discrimination

Men who make less than their wives tend to pull back on housework time because of fear of _______.

emasculation

There has been a trend toward a more ______ division of labor between mothers and fathers. At the same time, _____ differences in 2015 still exist. ____ on average, still participate in more hours of child care per week.

equal gender women

More people think that children are just as well off if the ______ work full time while children are better off if the ______ stay at home

fathers mothers

There are ______ gender disparities in who actually takes action when it comes to career interruptions.

greater

Work Family Conflict: Tends to be _______ in the US than in other industrialized nations There is ______ social and public support for those who work and have families

higher fewer

Time Use Studies are used to look at?

housework and child care

% of stay-at-home fathers saying they are not working because they are caring for their home has ______ since 1989.

increased

% of women in the workforce with children under age 1: rapidly _______ from 1960s to 1990s then _______

increased leveled out

There __(is?/isn't?)__ federal jurisdiction for paid sick leave

is not

With increasing education, dads are _____ likely to stay at home

less

% of fathers not working outside the home is very _____, but has slightly _____ since the 80s.

low increased

unpaid housework

maintain a household's functions

While women are still doing _____ hours of housework as men, it is now _____ _____ in terms of gender differences. The gender gap has ______. Gender inequality in housework time has ______.

more closer together narrowed decreased

______ have reduced work hours more, taken a significant amount of time off, quit a job, and turned down a promotion at greater rates than ______ in order to care for a child.

mothers fathers

______, more than _______ experience career interruptions because of work-family conflict.

mothers fathers

Currently, no federal requirements for _______ sick leave. Some states have adopted more ______ policies. Some employers have policies on this.

paid local

types of work (3)

paid market work unpaid care work unpaid housework

unpaid care work

performed face-to-face to enhance another person's life

There has been a ______ in dual-earner families since the 1970s.

rise

There has been a _____ in women (especially mothers) in the paid workforce, which began in the _____.

rise 1970s

Rise in Women's Labor Force Participation: Deindustrialization and decline in manufacturing and rise of ______ sector. ______ men's wages; women went into work-force to help family's economic needs A ______ factor from the home One male earner was not _____ enough.

service reduced push sufficient

Division of Household Labor by Couple Type Same sex couples tend to _____ the responsibilities around the house more than different sex couples.

share

More than half of married people say ______ ______ is a key to a successful marriage However, research shows that this isn't actually happening

shared housework

Despite the rise in women's labor force participation, most people think that women with children __(should?/shouldn't?)___ be working full time

shouldn't

Work Family Conflict: Men and women both feel this conflict at ______ rates. However, how they feel and what they do are ______ things.

similar different

work

the exertion of effort to produce or accomplish something

Why Do Women Tend to Do More Housework? 3 reasons

time availability relative economic resources gender

child care and caring for elders is what type of work?

unpaid care work

Rise in Women's Labor Force Participation: altered identities

women began to place emphasis on personal, career-related identity

Rise in Women's Labor Force Participation: expanded horizons

women increasingly began to anticipate their future work lives

paid market work

work done by employees for pay

work-family conflict

The conflict that occurs when the time demands, strains, or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult to fulfill obligations in either role

The Motherhood (Wage) Penalty

The earnings decline that women face after they have a child

Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

Provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected leave to "eligible" employees for certain family and medical reasons.

time use studies

a sample of people complete "time diaries," where they make a complete record of their activities over a period of time, usually a typical weekday and a typical weekend.