Safety Chapters 1-3

Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Standard

A program designed to increase plant worker awareness of chemical hazards and give instructions on appropriate safety measures for handling, storing, and working with these chemicals (1983).

Community right-to-know

Increases community awareness of the chemicals manufactured or used by local chemical plants and businesses.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Independent inspectors are allowed to enter and inspect the workplace, cite violations, and set deadlines (1970).

Process Safety Management (PSM)

Is designed to keep the process in the pipes and not in the environment (1990).

Acute hazards

Materials from which symptoms develop rapidly after exposure.

Acute (immediate) poisons

May be ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed; examples of these chemicals include chlorine, acids, and caustics.

Safety

Often described as an attitude that includes careful planning, following safety rules, safe work practices, and the use of personal protective equipment.

Clean water act

Passed in 1898, initially focused on toxic pollutants; in 1972, adopted the Best Available Technology (BAT) strategy for all cleanups in 1987.

Air permits

Permits must be obtained for any project that has the potential of producing air pollutants.

Pittsburgh Survey of 1907

Provided the first statistical data on how many people had been killed or injured as a result of hazardous working conditions (1906).

Chemical hazards

Terms associated are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens (affects unborn fetus), reproductive toxins; those that cause allergic response, irritants, sensitizers, corrosives, toxic. highly toxic; and those that target organ effects.

Process Safety

The application of engineering, science, and human factors to the design and operation of chemical processes and systems.

Air pollution

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air that interferes with human health or welfare or produces other harmful environmental effects.

Process Technology

The study and application of the scientific principles associated with the operation and maintenance of the chemical processing industry.

Chronic (delayed) hazards

asbestos fibers, coal dust, and toxic metals such as lead or manganese.

Radioactive substances

metallic uranium, x-ray, and strontium 90.

Keys to accident prevention

(1) Determine the cause (2) Prevent its recurrence.

Toxic substance

A chemical or mixture that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.

Unsafe condition

A condition in the working environment that increases a technicians chance of having an accident.

Ergonomic hazards

Activities that require chemical technicians to work in unusual or awkward positions for extended periods of time.

Terrorism

An attempt to change a belief or point of view through the use of a violent act.

Accidents

An unplanned disruption of normal activity resulting in an injury or equipment damage.

Unsafe act

Any act that increases a persons chance of having and accident.

Chemical asphyxiants

Are described to remove or displace oxygen and prevent the victim from utilizing oxygen after they enter the respiratory system.

Hurricanes

Are powerful, swirling storms with tentacles reaching out from a singular eye. Have wind speeds between 74 and 155 mph and have tremendous storm surges from 4 to 18 feet.

Chemical Processing Industry (CPI)

Broad term used to describe chemical plants and refineries, power plants, food processing, paper and pulp, pharmaceuticals, and city utilities.

Administrative controls

Can be described as the programs and activities used to control industrial hazards.

Ionizing radiation

Cannot be detected by any of the five human senses, classified as : alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, and neutron particles.

Physical hazards associated with chemicals

Categorized as combustible liquid, compressed gas, explosive gas, flammable gas, flammable liquid, organic peroxide, oxidizer pyrophoric gas, unstable, and water reactive.

Physical hazards

Classified as electrical, noise, radiation, or temperature.

Occupational Safety and Health

Deals with items like personal protective equipment, HAZCOM, permit systems, confined space entry, hot work, isolation of hazardous energy, and so on.

Biological hazards

Described as any living organism capable of causing disease in humans; this includes insects, bacteria, fungi, and molds.

Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970

Designed to (1) enhance the quality of the nations air (2) accelerate a national research and development program to prevent air pollution (3) provide technical and financial assistance to state and local government (4) develop a regional air-pollution-control program.

Biological system

Designed to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater

Potable Water

Drinkable water

National Council of Industrial Safety

Formed in 1913 to promote safety in the workplace.

Toxic hazards

Fuels, metal fumes, solvents, products, and byproducts.

National Fire Protection Association

Has a standardized system used in chemical hazard identification.

Earth Day, 1970

Held to educate the U.S. public about environmental concerns.

Biological agents and weapons

Include hazardous bacteria like anthrax, cholera, pneumonic and bubonic plague, tularemia, and Q-fever.

Accident prevention, basic principles of

Includes a safe working environment, safe work practices, and effective management.