safety final
Central Nervous System
Brain and the spinal cord
Types of gloves
Butyl rubber, Natural Rubber, Neoprene , nitrile, pva, pvc, viton
grounding
Procedure designed to connect a object to the earth with a copper wire and a grounding rod
Air purifying respirators
Removes contaminates by filtration, adsorption, absorption, or chemical reaction with contaminates. Used only where there is adequate oxygen (19.5%-22%)
Asphyxiants
Substances that can cause suffocation by preventing oxygen from reaching tissues.
Ambient
Surround; adjacent to; next to. For example, ambient conditions of the immediate area such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient pressure, etc.
Process Safety Management
The PSM standard was designed because of accidents like Bhopal, Phillips, and Arco. PSM final rule was implemented in 1992 rewriting the process technician job description. PSM has lead to the creation of a standardized college curriculum. Also to prevent explosions and vapor releases.
National Council of Industrial Safety
The purpose of NCIDQ is to protect the health, life safety and welfare of the public by establisihing standards of competence in the practice of interior design.
Hazard Communication Program
The purpose of this act is to ensure that the hazards associated with the handling, transport, and storage of chemical in a plant are evaluated and transmitted to affected personal
Fujita Scale
The scale used to measure tornadoes. The scale goes from the lowest, F0, to the highest, F6. A F6 has never happened.
Cavitation
This formation and collapse of gas pockets around the impellers during pump operation. Results from insufficient suction head at the inlet to the pump.
Anacusis
Total absence of hearing; inability to perceive sound
UEL
Upper explosive limit
Noise
Valueless unwanted sound
Potable water
Water that is safe to drink
First responder operations level
When a hazardous chemical release occurs, the process technicians working on the unit specific to the release will attempt to respond. It is virtually impossible to pull a highly trained emergency response team who would know the unit a fraction as well as the technicians.
Incident Commander
Who is the individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources?
Toxic Substance
a chemical or mixture that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or environment
sensitizer
a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure
Unsafe condition
a condition in the working environment that increases a technicians chance of having an accident
Noise Abatement
a policy set forth by a governing body that controls the noise impact upon a community surrounding an airport
emergency preparedness
a procedure initiated by the loss of containment for a chemical or the potential for loss of containment that results in an emergency situation requiring an immediate response. Emergeny response drills are carefully planned and include preparations for worst case scenarios. Examples include the following vapor releases, chemical spills, explosions, fires, equipment failures, hurricanes, high winds, loss of power, and bomb threats.
Full Body Harness
a safety device designed to evenly distribute the forces of an accidental fall to the strongest muscles in the body. This protects vital organs and limits the possibility of a serious injury
Mechanical Integrity
a term that applies to the soundness of a plant process
air purifying respirator
scba, hose line, hose mask,oxygen deficient, dusts, mist, fumes, organic vapors, and acid gases and ammonia
air supplying respirators
self contained breathing apparati, and hose line respirators ( These respirators are designed to be used in oxygen deficient atmosphere)
enclosure stage
gas layer at ceiling other heated objects reradiate substantial heat back toward the fuel surface
Air purifying respirators
half face and full face half face air purifying respirators are designed to cover the mouth and nose, and mouth
Engineering Controls
hard technology improvements designed to make the work environment safer. Examples of this include sound proofing installing guard to rotating equipment automating product transfers and so on
National Fire Protection Agency
has a standardized system used in chemical hazard identification
Acids
have a ph between 0 and 7.0 and turns litmus paper red
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
have full face pieces connecting hose, cylinder, and harness and weigh between 35 and 45 lbs
Ergonomic Hazards
hazards including repetitive straining and improper lifting that can cause injury
Hearing Loss
hearing impairment of deafness is a partial or total inability to hear.
fully developed fire
there is a steady burning of combustibles
Flashpoint
this is the minimum temperature at which a liquid or a volatile solid gives off sufficiently vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface. At this temperature the material will not continue to burn
Select a respirator
type of hazard, Airborne chemicals, Physical characteristics of chemicals, oxygen deficient, time to perform task, exposure limits, concentrations of chemicals, and ppe needed
Radiation stage
vigorous burning
Occupational Safety and Health
Independent inspectors are allowed to enter and inspect the workplace, cite violation, and set deadlines
Process Safety Management
Is designed to keep the process in the pipes and not in the environment 1990
Process Safety Management
Management of change PSM standard requires that a formal system be in place that makes deviation from standard operational procedures be structured with layers of approval required.
Radioactive Substance
Metallic uranium, x ray, and strontium90, These hazardous materials break down the cell of exposed tissue
Heat Cramps
Muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration.
Hearing Protection
NOISE LEVELS HIGHER THAN 84 dBA (8H TWA) OR 140 dBA OR GREATER WHEN PEAK SOUND LEVELS EXIST
First Aid
OSHA general industry medical services and First Aid, is used by the CPI to establish a first aid program. A qualified first aid provider is described as an employee qualified by a certified medical group to administer first aid.
Hazard Communication Standard
OSHA requirement that operators notify all their employees about chemical hazards on the job, and train them to use chemicals safely; also called Haz-Com and Right-to-Know.
MSDS
One in four workers In the US handles chemicals. Development of the MSDS is the responsibility of the chemicals manufacturer
Permissible exposure limit
PEL; the maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances; these are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift; when these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure; for formaldehyde, the PEL is .75 ppm
Bonding
Physically connecting two objects together with a copper wire
PPE
Safety hats, Safety Glasses, Fire Retardant clothing, Safety shoes, Hearing protection, Gloves, Face shield, Chemical monogoggles, Slicker suits,Radios, respirators, chemical suits, Totally encapsulating chemical protective suit
Fire Triangle
a three dimensional representation of requirements for fire to occur: fuel, heat, and oxygen
Anchor Point
a tie off connection device used to secure the free end of a full body harness lanyard. Examples of anchor points include the following: pre engineered eye bolts, cable, slide rail, structural steel or pipe. The anchor point should be strong enough to support 5000 lbs,
Terrorism
an attempt to change a belief or point of view through the use of a violent act. Terrorist are designed to generate fear and focus world wide media attention on the terrorist
Accidents
an unplanned disruption of normal activity resulting in an injury or equipment damage.
Unsafe act
any act that increase a persons chance of having an accident
Unsafe Condition
any environmental factor or set of factors (physical or social) that would increase the probability of an injury occurring
Chronic hazards
asbestos fibers, coal dust, and toxic metals such as lead or manganese
Growth
fire sizes increases by using up initial combustable material
Automatic fire alarm device
fixed temperature type, rate of rise type, and nucleur detector device
Flame stage
flames become visible
Ceiling Stage
flames reach ceiling and heat is reradiated back
Hearing Protection
foam ear plugs, drops spl 8 to 20 db
Toxic Hazards
fuels, metal fumes, solvents, products and byproducts
biological agents
include hazardous bacteria like anthrax, cholera, pneumonic and bubonic plague,tularemia, and q fever, includes the use of viruses like smallpox, Venezualan, Equine encephalitis, and viral hemorrhagic fever, includes the use of biological toxins like botulism, ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin b, and tricholthecene mycotoxins.
HAZOP
is a comprehensive process hazards analysis system designed to identify hazards to technicians, equipment , operators, and environments
Dose
is defined as the amount of chemical entering or being administered to a subject
Response
is defined as the toxic effect the dose has upon the subject
Process Safety Management
is designed to keep the process in the pipes and not in the environment 1990
First Responder Awareness
level is directed at individuals who witness or discover a hazardous chemical release and who have received emergency response training
Noise level
level of distraction to the target audience in a medium. Noise can be created by competing ads, as when a street is lined with billboards or when a television program is cluttered with competing ads. Whereas newspapers and magazines have a high noise level, direct mail is a private medium with a low noise level.
Incipient stage
no smoke or flame, little heat, combustion begins
Physical Hazards
noise, ionizing radiation, electricity, injury to the body, fire, and explosion
spark
occurs when electricity jumps a gap sparks and arcs occur during normal operations of electrical equipment
Safety
often described as an attitude that includes career planning, following safety rules, safe work practices, and the use of personal protective equipment.
air permits
permits must be obtained for any project that has the potential of producing air pollutants
Pittsbrugh survey of 1907
provided the first statistical data on how many people had been killed or injured as a result of hazardous working conditions.
Scott 66 Half Face Respirator
removes particulates from air to be used in concentrations up to 10 times exposure limit
North 7600 Full face respirators
removes particulates from air to be used in concentrations up to 50 tomes exposure limit
North 7700 Half face respirator
removes particulates from air( mist, fumes, mist, fumes, organic vapors, ammonia, and acid gases) designed to remove up to 10 times exposure limit
written programs
respirator training for each employee, fit testing, selecting a respirator, care for respirators, proper storage of respirators, types of respirators, and hazards
Process Safety Managements
1) process overview2) training records and methods used to administer training3) Chemicals used in the process4)Description of how to access to and from the process unit is controlled5) Training materials that reflect current work practices6) refresher training required7) Contractors must inform and train there employees and document the training.
Chernobyl
1986 nuclear plant in Soviet Union, lost coolant water to reactor vessel and core overheated, meltdown blew root off containment building, radioactive smoke spread around the world, worst nuclear accident in history, crops and cattle poisoned, 31 died, many cancer cases, area around plant still not safe for humans
Hearing Protection
3 types: ear plugs, ear muffs, ear caps
Composition of atmosphere
78%Nitrogen,Oxygen 21%, Argon 0.9%, carbon dioxide 0.03%, and water vapor 0.0 to 4.0%
Fire tetrahedron
A model of the four elements required to have a fire. The four sides represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction.
Exothermic reaction
A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Corrosive
A substance that will destroy or irreversibly damage any substance or surface it comes into contact with through a chemical change, usually used to describe acids.
Texas city fire and explosions
April 16 1947, One of the worst industrial accidents to occur in the US, The SS Grandcamp was carrying ammonium nitrate, it killed 581 bystanders the ships crew and volunteer firefighters, it knoecked two airplanes out of the air, approximately 880 tons of ammonium nitrate had exploded
Who regulates the shipments of hazardous material
DOT
Keys to accident prevention
Determine the cause prevent its recurrence
Chemical Asphyxiants
Direct chemical action that interferes with the transportation of oxygen form the lungs to the tissues
3m 9920 Dust Fume mist respirator
Disposable Dust Mask to be used in concentrations up to 5 times exposure limit of dry material dust, mists, aerosols.
Dot shipping classification
Explosive, Gases, Flammable Liquids, Self Reacitve, Oxides, Poisonous and infectous materials, radioactive materials, corrosive material, miscellaneous hazardous materials, peroxides
Ignition
Fire starts
Hot work
Hot work includes any work involving welding, burning or the use of power-actuated tools or similar fire-producing operations. Grinding, drilling abrasive blasting, or similar spark- producing operations are also considered hot work except when such operations are isolated physically from any atmosphere containing more than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit of a flammable substance.
Scene Safety and Control
Hot zone- the area around the incident where contamination has occurred Warm Zone- used to decontaminate technicians leaving the hot zone Cold Zone- a staging area where the incident command post is established
Biological Hazards
Illness-causing microorganism that can contaminate food, such as certain bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, as well as toxins found in certain plants, mushrooms, and seafood.
4 stages of fire
Incipient, Smoldering stage, Flame stage,Heat stage
Lanyard
a tie off rope that is attached to a full body harness. It is designed to support a minimumof 5000 lbs. The fall protection standard requires that the lanyard be a maximum of 6 feet long, have double locking snap hooks on each end and include a hock absorbing device that is attached to the harness d ring
combustable
able to catch fire and burn easily
Qualified first aid provider
an employee qualified by a certified medical group to administer first aid
Heat exhaustion
dizziness, weak pulse, cool moist skin, and painful heat cramps
National Council of Industrial Safety
est. 1913; changed its name in 1915 to National Safety Council (NSC)
Heat stage
excessive heat, flame, smoke,toxic gases
Process Technician
include knowing the equipment process technician include knowing the equipment and technology they are working with, being able to maintain and operate this equipment, complying with safety and environmental regulations, applying quality techniques to operational processes, collecting and analyzing samples,and troubleshooting the system
Accident prevention basic principles of
includes a safe working environment safe work practices and effective management
Smoldering Stage
increased combustion ,smoke, no visible flame
LEL
lower explosive limit
Biological Weapons
so-called germ warfare; the use of bacteria, viruses, and parasites on a large scale to incapacitate or destroy a population
Toxicology
study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
flashover
temperature is 500 c to 600 c the entire room is on fire
Acute
term applied to a chemical that requires only a small amount to be lethal
MSA ultravue Full Face Respirator
used for escape
Hurricanes saffir simpson
Are massive rotating storms that always form when warm, moist air rises over tropical waters. Different names: hurricane - north of the equator in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans, typhoon - forms north of the equator in the western Pacific Ocean, cyclone—when it forms in the Indian Ocean and off the coast of Australia. A hurricane is normally 342 miles in diameter. Hurricanes can move of 5 to 15 miles per hour or they can become nearly stationary. Hurricanes begin as tropical storms, which have wind speeds of 40 to 73 miles per hour. Hurricanes have wind speeds of 74 to 155 miles per hour. The Saffir /Simpson Hurricane Scale is used to categorize hurricanes. Because hurricanes can last a week or longer and several can occur at the same time, naming them reduces confusion.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Carbon dioxide extinguishers, Dry chemical fire extenguishers,Foam fire extinguishers, Halon Fire Extinguishers, Water fire extinguisher
saffir simpson hurricane wind scale
Classifies hurricanes according to air pressure in the center, wind speed, and property damage potential in a scale ranging from Category 1 to Category 5.
caustics
Compound that forms hydroxide (OH-) ions in water. Theses compounds have a pH > 7, and _ solutions will turn litmus paper blue p.198
Health hazards
Consideration in the design features and operating characteristics of a system that create significant risks of bodily injury or death; prominent sources of health hazards include acoustics energy, chemical substances, biological substances, temperature extremes, radiation energy, oxygen deficiency, shock (not electrical), trauma, and vibration.
Decay
Fuel begins to be consumed temperature declines consistently
Air purifying respirators
Half face, full mask, Dust, mist, fumes, organic vapors, ammonia, and acid gases
Hazwoper
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. Refers to many types of hazardous waste operations and emergency response. Requires that certain training must be provided for employees. Requires development of SOPS. Mandates certain requirement when handling chemical releases. esttablishes 5 levels of training and requires use of ICS
Biological agents and Weapons
Include hazardous bacteria like anthrax, cholera, pneumonic, and bubonic plague, tularemia, and Q fever, include the use of viruses like smallpox, Venezualan equine encephalitis, and vital hemhorrage fever include toxins like botulism, ricin, Staph
Community right to know
Increases community awareness of the chemicals manufactured or used by local chemical plant and businesses involves communities in emergency response plans improves local emergency response planning and identifies potential hazards
Unsafe Act
behavior that increases probability of injury
Chemical Processing Industry
broad term used to describe chemical plants and refineries
Administrative Control
can be described as the programs and activities used to control industrial hazards
Adminstrative Controls
can be described as the programs and activities used to control industrial hazards
Ionizing radiation
cannot be detected by any of the five human senses, classified as, alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, xrays, and neutron particles
Physical hazards associated with chemicals
categorized as combustible liquid, compressed gas, explosive gas, flammable gas, flammable liquid, organic peroxides, oxidizer pyrophoric gas, unstable and water reactive
flammable
chemicals that have a flashpoint below 100. Examples include benzene, toluene, gasoline, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl ether
classes of fire
class a: ordinary materials, class b: flammable liquides, class c: electrical, class d: combustible or reactive metals, class k: high temp cooking oils, or fats
Physical Hazards
classified as electrical, noise, radiation, or temperature
care for respirators
clean and disinfect, keep in plastic bag, inspect for damage, locate in visible and accessible area, dispose of spent filters, remove empty filters, remove empty cylinders, ensure respirator auxillary, equipment is in stock.
Pressure relief valves
come in three basic designs safety valves for gases, relief valve for liquid, and rupture disc for both
Safety nets
designed to keep materials from falling onto employees on the ground
Biological system
designed to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater. A biological system includes an aeration basin, clarifiers, lagoons, sewer systems, pumps, and so on
Clean air act 1970
designed to1) enhance the quality of air 2) accelerate a national research and development program to develop program to prevent air pollution3) provide technical and financial assistance to state local government4) develop a regional air pollution control program. The CAA approved the establishment of national ambient air quality standards to protect the environment and public health in 1990 new standards were established that were designed to reduce acid rain air toxins, ground level ozone,and stratospheric ozone depletion.
Chemical Hazards
terms associated are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reproductive toxins, those that cause asphyxiation, anesthetic, neurotoxic, those that cause allergic response, irritants, sensitizers, corrosives, toxic, highly toxic, and those that target organ effects
Chronic hazards
terms associated are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reproductive toxins, those that cause asphyxiations, anesthetic,neurotoxic, those that cause allergic response, corrosives, toxic, highly toxic, and those target organ affect
Chronic hazards
terms associated with carcinogens, mutagens,teratogens, reproductive toxins, those that cause asphyxiation, anesthetic, neurotoxic, those that cause target allergic response, irritants, sensitizers, corrosive, toxic, highly toxic and those that target organ effects
Process Safety
the application of engineering, science, and human factors to the design and operation of chemical processes and system
Hose Line Respirators
the basic components of a typical hose line respirator include a face piece , hose line, harness assembly, and air supply, The mask fogs up and collects perspiration, peripheral vision is reduced, the mask increases difficulty in getting into tight spaces, communications becomes muffled and unclear, the weight of the hose line can be uncomfortable
Legionnares Disease
the biological hazards is a form of pneumonia caused by inhaling Legionalle bacteria. This strain of bacteria has been found in cooling towers and heat exchangers
Acute hazards
the effect of materials that pose acute hazards appear soon after a single, brief exposure
Process technology
the study and application of the scientific principles associated ith the operation and maintenance of the chemical processes and systems
Process Technology
the study and application of the scientific principles associated with the operation and maintenance of the chemical processing industry.