SB 6

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick

0.075; 0.150

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ___ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ___ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___ month following their formation.

2, 2, 1

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ___ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ___ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___ month following their formation.

2,2,1

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.

False

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ___ and the protein they produce is called ___.

Keratinocytes, keratin

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Thin

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

True

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

True

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

True

In the development of embryonic skin, the ___ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ___ gives rise to the dermis.

basal, mesenchyme

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

benign

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

cholecalciferol

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

deep; collagen fibers

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ___ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

dehydration or infection

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

epidermis

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

epidermis; dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis; redness

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.

exocytosis

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

fibrosis regeneration

A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______-degree burn.

first

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum ___, the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

keratinization

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

kidney skin liver

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

merocrine

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine; apocrine

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ___ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ___ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ___ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus or nuclei

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and ___ of the hands and fingers, the sides and ___ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

palms, soles

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

prolonged exposure to the sun

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

protects the body provides thermal insulation acts as an energy reservoir

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

scar

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands

simple, coiled, and tubular

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______.

skin cancer

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

spinosum granulosum

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal ___ in the epidermis and the relative ___ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

strata, thickness

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum corneum

A B C D E

stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

sudoriferous

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ___ glands, ___ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

sweat , sebaceous

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts; hair follicles

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

thermoregulation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ___, , colorations, and skin markings.

thickness or thinness

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ___, colorations, and skin markings.

thickness or thinness

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called ___.

transpiration

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant