SB Chapter 9: The Nervous System II

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into how many lobes?

5

Describe the sympathetic chain ganglia.

A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neuron fibers?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Which term refers to the branching, fern-like pattern of white matter located in the cerebellum?

Arbor vitae

Which of the following describes an autonomic preganglionic neuron?

It has its cell body in the spinal cord or the brainstem and its axon terminates in a ganglion.

What are the characteristics of a visceral reflex? Select all that apply.

Unconscious Automatic Primitive functions

Which functions are associated with the cerebrum? Select all that apply.

Memory Sensory perception Judgment

Put the components of the brainstem in order from rostral to caudal.

Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

Select the two main neurotransmitters employed by the autonomic nervous system from the list below.

Norepinephrine (NE) Acetylcholine (ACh)

Which of the following are cerebral lobes? Select all that apply.

Occipital lobe Insula Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Temporal lobe

The special senses include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Smell Vision Hearing Equilibrium Taste

Which nervous system division controls the skeletal muscles?

Somatic

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata have numerous autonomic nuclei that control which of the following? Select all that apply.

Sweating Swallowing Pupillary control Salivation

Name the ganglia that extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column.

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for interpreting the meaning of written and spoken language?

Wernicke area

Which nervous system division controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?

autonomic

What regulates the passage of materials from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain?

blood brain barrier

Which terms refers to large, rhythmic voltage changes, resulting from the synchronized activity of the cerebral neurons, that can be recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp?

brain waves

The cerebral cortex contains which parts of neurons?

cell bodies and dendrites

The superficial layer of gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres is called the cerebral

cortex

What is the superficial layer of gray matter of the cerebrum called?

cortex

Which nerves have a roman numeral designation?

cranial nerves

Which term refers to the nerves that arise from the brainstem, exit the cranium through foramina, and lead to muscles and sense organs?

cranial nerves

The parasympathetic division ______ heart rate.

decreases

Which region of the brain includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?

diencephalon

Many organs are innervated by nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The term that describes this is innervation.

dual

True or false: The cerebral hemispheres are functionally identical.

false

True or false: The chief functions of the parietal lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression

false

How many ventricles are located in the brain?

four

The cerebral lobe superior to the eyes is the ______ lobe.

frontal

The chief functions of the lobe of the brain include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.

frontal

Which cerebral lobe is primarily responsible for voluntary motor function, motivation, memory, mood, and aggression?

frontal lobe

Which of the following can freely pass through the blood-brain barrier? Select all that apply.

glucose oxygen alcohol

The cerebral cortex consists of which of the following?

gray matter

Which structure regulates primitive functions including hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, emotions, and sexuality?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is a response that might occur during the fight-or-flight response?

increased alertness

The sympathetic nervous system ______ heart rate.

increases

What is the function of the Wernicke area?

interpreting written and spoken language

The most inferior part of the brainstem is the

medulla oblongata

The three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the

meninges

Which term refers to the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

meninges

The most superior part of the brainstem is the

midbrain

The region of the brainstem located between the pons and the diencephalon is called the

midbrain

Which lobe starts at the central sulcus and extends caudally to the parieto-occipital sulcus?

parietal

Sense organs called help monitor the position and movements of the body.

propioceptors

The somatic nervous system controls

skeletal muscles

Which term refers to the category of senses that employ sense organs limited to the head and include vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell?

special

The fluid-filled internal chambers of the brain are called

ventricles

An unconscious, automatic response to a stimulus involving effectors that regulate primitive functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature is called a(n) reflex.

visceral

True or false: A brain wave is electrical activity resulting from synchronized activity in neurons of the cerebral cortex.

true

Which term refers to an organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic input?

Dual innervated

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from which regions of the spinal cord? Select all that apply.

Thoracic Lumbar

Which groove in the brain separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

central sulcus

Which term describes the specialization of certain tasks in different hemispheres of the brain?

cerebral lateralization

Sensory perception, memory, thought and judgment are associated with which large region of the brain?

cerebrum

What is the largest, most conspicuous part of the human brain?

cerebrum

Which part of the brain is made up of two hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure?

cerebrum

Sensory awareness, perception, thinking, knowledge, and memory are all examples of which of the following?

cognition

Which term refers to the range of mental processes by which knowledge is acquired and used?

cognition

Which cerebral lobe is responsible for receiving and interpreting input from the general senses, for taste and for some visual processing?

parietal

Which term refers to functions such as sensation, memory, language and emotion because they are not localized to one area of the brain?

multiregional

Proprioceptors are found in

muscles and joints

Which division of the ANS is associated with reduced energy expenditure and normal body maintenance?

parasympathethic

Which division of the ANS is referred to as the "rest and digest" division?

parasympathetic

The preganglionic fibers of the division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the thoracic and first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

sympathetic

Which division of the ANS is associated with the "fight-or-flight" response?

sympathetic

Why are brain functions such as sensation, memory, emotional, and motor control referred to as multiregional functions?

they involve many different parts of the brain