SB REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

In the mature sperm cell, the nucleus would be found in the region labeled with letter _________, mitochondria would be found in the region shown by letter ________, and movement would occur using the structure labeled _________.

B; A; C

The period of life in which follicles no longer mature, the concentration of estrogens decreases, and female reproductive organs shrink is called __________.

menopause or climacteric

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called ___________.

oocytes

The process of the maturation of an oocyte is called ______.

oogenesis

What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis?

oogenesis

In the female reproductive system, the pair of solid, ovoid structures that are located in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity are the ______.

ovaries

Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______.

primary follicles

Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs.

primary; accessory

Identify three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system.

produce and maintain female sex cells facilitate the development of the offspring produce female sex hormones

A couple abstains from intercourse for several days a month, around the time of ovulation. What is the name of the contraception method?

rhythm method

Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs.

scrotum penis

Indicate two roles of the male reproductive system.

secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics spermatogenesis

The three male accessory glands are: the __________ vesicles, ___________ gland, and bulbourethral glands.

seminal; prostate

Male sex cells are called___________.

sperm

Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called _________.

spermatogonia

Indicate which organs secrete hormones that control male reproductive functions.

testes hypothalamus anterior pituitary gland

A woman in mid life is in the period of ______ after menstruation has ceased for a year. (a) oligomenorrhea (b) menopause (c) perimenopause (d) menarche

(b) menopause

Indicate the four statements that describe a vasectomy.

It involves removing a section of the vas deferens and tying the cut ends. It is one of the most reliable forms of contraception. After a vasectomy, sperm cells are excluded from the semen. It is an operation that produces few side effects.

Indicate which of the following statements are true about the injectable contraception method medroxyprogesterone acetate.

It makes the uterine lining less hospitable for a developing embryo. It may take 10-18 months after the last injection for the effects to wear off. It prevents maturation and release of a secondary oocyte (ovulation).

The root word that means origin is __________.

genesis

Most androgens are produced by the ____________ cells of the testes, but the adrenal ___________ also synthesizes small amounts.

interstitial; cortex

Which event occurs on about day 14 of the ovarian cycle? (a) ovulation (b) menstruation (c) emission (d) metaphase II

(a) ovulation

Indicate the birth control method that delivers estrogen-like and progesterone-like hormones to prevent pregnancy.

combined hormone contraceptives

A method designed to avoid fertilization of an oocyte or to prevent implantation of a blastocyst containing the embryo is called _________.

contraception

What is an example of a chemical barrier contraceptive?

cream, foam, or jelly

As a method of birth control, what is involved with coitus interruptus? (a) Withdrawal of the penis prior to ejaculation. (b) Taking hormone supplements to prevent implantation. (c) A barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. (d) Abstinence from sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation.

(a) Withdrawal of the penis prior to ejaculation.

What is ovulation? (a) process of releasing cells from the follicles (b) process of follicular maturation (c) process of a sperm and oocyte merging (d) process of development of an oocyte

(a) process of releasing cells from the follicles

Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease? (a) Because it is only called an infection when the symptoms are obvious. (b) Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease. (c) Because there are now vaccines available to prevent most sexually transmitted infections.

(b) Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why? (a) Testicular hormones inhibit development of mammary glands in males. (b) Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females. (c) The pituitary gland stimulates growth of adipose tissue in females.

(b) Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females.

This is a picture of an intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements are true about this device? (a) The IUD is totally safe and has no side effects. (b) Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation. (c) The IUD blocks sperm entry at the cervix. (d) The IUD works by preventing ovulation.

(b) Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation.

What is the definition of contraception? (a) The sloughing off of the endometrium. (b) The prevention of pregnancy. (c) The formation of a fertilized egg, or zygote.

(b) The prevention of pregnancy.

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the ______, which culminate in menstrual bleeding (menses). (a) perimetrium (b) endometrium (c) myometrium

(b) endometrium

Which layer of the uterus undergoes regular, recurring changes during the menstrual cycle? (a) perimetrium (b) endometrium (c) myometrium

(b) endometrium

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce? (a) cells that are clones (b) genetically unique (different) sister chromatids (c) genetically identical sister chromatids

(b) genetically unique (different) sister chromatids

Where are androgens produced?

adrenal cortex testes

Which part of the breast is shown by the arrow?

nipple

Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ (_______________), secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

testes, testicle, or testis

Which reproductive organ is indicated by the arrow?

testis

List three female accessory sex organs.

the vagina the uterus the uterine tubes

The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the ______. (a) testis and ductus deferens (b) scrotum and penis (c) penis and prostate gland (d) seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

(b) scrotum and penis

Name the ducts that extend from the ovaries to the uterus, conveying a fertilized ovum to the uterus. (a) cervical canals (b) uterine tubes (c) vagina (d) ovarian tubes

(b) uterine tubes

All of the following are components of the vulva except the ______. (a) clitoris (b) vagina (c) labia minora (d) labia majora

(b) vagina

How does an intrauterine device (IUD) prevent pregnancy? (a) It prevents maturation and ovulation of a follicle and oocyte. (b) It blocks sperm from entering the vagina. (c) It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur.

(c) It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur.

Which paired oval-shaped female reproductive organs lie in shallow depressions in the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity? (a) uterus (b) uterine tubes (c) ovaries (c) clitoris

(c) ovaries

Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______. (a) cells of Leydig (b) oocytes (c) sperm (d) Sertoli cells

(c) sperm

Name the undifferentiated spermatogenic cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes, found in the periphery of the seminiferous tubules. (a) primary spermatocytes (b) spermatids (c) spermatogonia (d) spermatozoa

(c) spermatogonia

What is the reproductive structure indicated by the arrow? (a) cervical orifice (b) fimbria (c) uterine tube (d) cervix

(c) uterine tube

Name the hormone that stimulates maturation of follicles within the ovaries. (a) estrogen (b) hCG (c) LH (d) FSH

(d) FSH

Which is an example of a mechanical barrier birth control method? (a) cream or jelly (b) intrauterine device (IUD) (c) oral pills (d) condoms

(d) condoms

The products of the process of meiosis are ______. (a) two genetically unique daughter cells (b) two identical daughter cells (c) four identical daughter cells (d) four genetically unique daughter cells

(d) four genetically unique daughter cells

Which contraceptive method prevents pregnancy by interfering with ovulation? (a) condom (b) IUD (c) contraceptive jelly (d) morning-after-pill

(d) morning-after-pill

Which birth control method requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation? (a) coitus interruptus (b) mechanical barrier (c) injectable contraception (d) rhythm method

(d) rhythm method

The midpiece of the sperm cell is indicated by the letter ________; the head is indicated by letter ________.

A = Midpiece of sperm cell B = Head of sperm cell

In the image, the fimbriae are shown by letter _________, the cervix is labeled with the letter __________, and the vagina is indicated by letter ____________.

D; B; A

Maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated by the hormone called ______.

FSH

T/F: During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

False. The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes is called crossing-over.

T/F: Only females have mammary glands.

False. The mammary glands of males and females are similar. As children reach puberty, the glands in males do not develop, whereas ovarian hormones stimulate development of the glands in females. The alveolar glands and ducts enlarge, and fat is deposited around and within the breasts.

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.

OVULATION

Which two statements describe chemical barrier contraceptives?

They include creams, foams, and jellies. They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm cells.

The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs.

accessory

Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted.

alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple

During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an ____________.

erection

Combined hormone contraceptives deliver _________ and __________ to prevent pregnancy.

estrogen; progesterone

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH)

The process of meiosis produces ______ genetically ______ cells.

four; different

At puberty, the ______ begins secreting increasing amounts of GnRH, which stimulate the ______ to release FSH and LH, which act on the ______ to promote female sex cell maturation and sex hormone release.

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

Which organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle?

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

The term sexually transmitted ______ is replacing the term sexually transmitted ______ because a person can be infected with a pathogen and transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

infection; disease

What type of contraceptive is medroxyprogesterone acetate?

injectable contraceptive

The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple.

lobes; lactiferous ducts

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______.

luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Organs of the female reproductive system that secrete milk following pregnancy are called __________ glands.

mammary

The accessory organs of the female reproductive system specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy are called _________ glands.

mammary or alveolar

Match the female reproductive organ with its function or description.

ovary produces female sex hormones uterus protects and sustains the embryo during pregnancy labia majora encloses and protects other external reproductive organs vestibule space that contains openings for the vagina and urethra

A morning-after-pill prevents pregnancy by interfering with ______.

ovulation

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of __________.

ovulation

From the spinal cord, ______ impulses cause ______ of the arteries and subsequent ______ of the veins. Consequently, blood accumulates in the erectile tissue and produces an erection.

parasympathetic; dilation; constriction

At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles.

primary

Match the female reproductive organ with its function.

uterine tube conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of fertilization labia minora form margins of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra clitoris produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans vagina conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; receives erect penis during sexual intercourse; provides open channel for offspring during birth process

In the figure, letter A is pointing to the ___________ tube, letter B is pointing to the ___________, and letter C is pointing to the ____________.

uterine; endometrium; vagina

The contraceptive method involving the surgical intervention shown in the image is a(n) ______.

vasectomy

The female external accessory organs are collectively referred to as the ____________, and include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibular glands.

vulva

Indicate two names used to describe the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

withdrawal method coitus interruptus