Sci Ch 12 Les 1-3

Photon

A tiny bundle of energy through which light travels. A particle of light.

Opaque objects let

little light through.

Low notes

low pitch...like a tuba. Musical notes are defined by their pitch. Frequency (pitch) is NOT the same as amplitude (volume).

Sound waves need a

medium to travel through.

A rainbow is an example

of a spectrum.

A train's whistle sounds different when it is moving towards you and then when it is moving away from you due to

the Doppler effect.

Convection

the flow of heat through a liquid or a gas, caused by hot parts rising and cooler parts sinking.

Hertz

is the unit of measurement for frequency.

Image

A "picture" of the light source that light rays make in bouncing off a polished, shiny surface.

Sound wave

A series of rarefactions and compressions traveling through a substance.

Light has properties of

BOTH waves and particles.

Temperature

a measurement of the average energy of the particles in an object

Light can be separated by

a prism.

Sound waves CANNOT travel through

a vacuum.

a blanket would

absorb sound

Surfaces that are soft, thick, and uneven are best for

absorbing sound waves.

Transparent objects

allow almost all light through.

What a stick would look like in a clear glass of water with half the stick in the water and half out

bent or in two

Translucent objects

blur light that passes through.

Different materials have different heat

capacities.

Low heat capacity

change temperature quickly

High heat capacity

change temperature slowly

A prism is a

cut piece of clear glass (or plastic) with two opposite sides in the shape of a triangle or other geometric shape.

High notes have a greater

frequency than low notes.

High notes

high pitch...like a whistle.

A band of colors produced when light goes through a prism

is a spectrum.

Temperature

is the measurement of the average energy of molecules.

heat

is the total amount of thermal energy an object releases.

a wall would

reflect sound

Surfaces that are hard, thin, and smooth are best for

reflecting sound.

Conduction

the passing of heat through a material while the material itself stays in place

Sound is only a

wave.

The Doppler effect is a change in pitch due to

wavelength compression and expansion.