Science 8-13
As of 2017, how many plant and animal species have been listed as endangered or threatened by the USFWS?
1,653
_______________________ occurs when a pollutant is discharged from a single source, such as a leaking oil tanker, a factory, or sewage treatment plant.
Point-source pollution
Fibers previously used as a building material, but later discovered as a harmful substance if inhaled is ______________________.
asbestos
The number of babies born each year for every 1,000 women within a population is the ____________________________.
fertility rate
The part of DNA that codes for an inheritable trait is a(n) _____________________.
gene
Genetic material collected by scientists in an effort to save a species from extinction is ____________________.
germ plasm
Changes of populations due to new births and deaths is the ___________________.
growth rate
Movement of people into an area is called ____________________________.
immigration
What do poachers usually hunt elephants for?
ivory
The average number of years that members within a population are projected to live is ___________________________.
life expectancy
Billboards and inefficient exterior light sources can reduce people's view of the night sky can be considered ___________________.
light pollution
Acidity or alkalinity is measured using a ______________ scale.
pH
A relationship where different species live in close association with each other and may lead to the species coevolve together is _____________________.
symbiosis
Competition within a population is a product of natural selection in which most members of a population spend much of their energy establishing their ______________________.
territorial dominance
The discharging of warm water into bodies of water after using it for cooling which can affect oxygen levels for aquatic life is _______________________.
thermal pollution
Why is temperature inversion harmful to the Earth?
traps pollutants near Earth's surface
What is the difference in fertility rate in developing countries to the average fertility rate?
1.5 Children
Which century saw exponential growth for the human population?
1800s
What percentage of the ocean pollutions come from oil spills?
5%
Normal precipitation generally has a pH of how much?
5.6
In the last three decades, hearing loss has increased by __________ in the U.S., out of which __________ are teenagers.
50%, 12%
After nearly being extinct, the California Condor, through captive-breeding, has been restored to a population of around ______________ as of 2018.
500
Which of these diseases is likely NOT caused by air pollution?
AIDS
What can cause acidification of soils in which the pH drops and concentration of acid increases?
Acid Precipitation
What type of land is used for crop farming and providing easy access to resources?
Arable Land
A meeting of the United Nations brought about the development of the _________________________, that focused on prudent and sustainable use of resources worldwide.
Biodiversity Treaty
Which agency mandated the Clean Air Act of 1990?
EPA
________________ empowers women about the economic and health benefits of family planning after which they do not see the need to bear as many children.
Education
The largest freshwater wetland in the United States is the ________________________.
Florida Everglades
What is the largest freshwater wetland in the country?
Florida Everglades
What diversity studies the variation of genes within members of a particular population?
Genetic Diversity
What is the freshwater available beneath Earth's surface in rock formations and sediments called?
Groundwater
What is the average number of years that members within a population are projected to live?
Life Expectancy
________________________ occurs when pollutants are discharged from various sources that are unidentifiable.
Nonpoint-source pollution
What forms as a result of deposits of mineral-rich mud into estuaries by rivers?
Salt Marshes
What is an example of a permeable rock?
Sand Sandstone Limestone
What is the situation where the air above becomes warmer than that near Earth's surface?
Temperature Inversions
What is an area that is claimed by one or more individuals?
Territory
Which of these is NOT an interaction that different species have?
They are all interactions
Which genetic material is NOT used in germ-plasm blanks?
They are all used in germ-plasm blanks
Which type of survivorship is common in least developed countries?
Type III
Which initiative from the California Air Resource Board is aimed at encouraging the production of energy-efficient cars?
Zero-Emission Vehicle Program
When sulfuric and nitric acid falls back to Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, or sleet, it is known as ___________________________.
acid precipitation
When pollution gathers in the clouds, falls into lakes and rivers, causes a sudden change in the water's pH and kills aquatic wildlife, ____________________ has taken place.
acid shock
The way ages are distributed within a specific population at a certain period is ___________________________.
age structure
Underground formations in which groundwater accumulates is a(n) ___________________.
aquifer
The overconcentration of nutrients in bodies of water due to human activities, such as farming or cleaning products is ________________________.
artificial eutrophication
A land structure whose main function is to safeguard the coastal wetlands and mainland from ocean waves and storms are ____________________________.
barrier islands
The bottom area of a pond or lake where very little sunlight reaches is the ______________________.
benthic zone
When pollutants increase as you move up a food chain or food web, ___________________ is occurring.
biomagnification
A species' _____________________ becomes overstretched when it consumes a specific natural resource, at an equal rate or greater rate, than the ecosystem can produce the resource.
carrying capacity
The maximum population size that an ecosystem can comfortably accommodate indefinitely is its _______________________.
carrying capacity
The relationship between individuals or populations attempting to get enough of a limited resource is _______________________.
competition
Limestone ridges constructed by coral polyps, home to diverse animal and plant species are __________________________.
coral reefs
A structure built across a river to control its flow is a(n) ______________________.
dam
The unit of measure for the intensity of sound is the _____________________.
decibel (dB)
The study of populations by using key factors that influence population growth over time is _____________________.
demography
The conversion of salt water into fresh water is _________________________.
desalination
A way of drawing people to an area for recreation or amusement that is focused on conserving and sustaining unique natural areas is called ____________________.
ecotourism
The key to avoiding conflicts between human interests and attempts to protect endangered species is to __________________ on the importance of biodiversity in their ecosystem.
educate people
Movement of people out of an area is called ______________________.
emigration
Organisms that are in extreme danger of extinction danger of extinction if protective measures are not taken are ________________________________.
endangered species
Plants or animals that only exist within a limited area in which they are native are _______________________.
endemic species
A combination of salt water and fresh water that result in a muddy sediment that is mineral and nutrient-rich is a(n) __________________.
estuary
Which of these is NOT a showcase for biodiversity?
eutrophic lakes
An increase in the amount of nutrients in a lake cause _______________________, which can reduce oxygen levels which may kill fish and other organisms.
eutrophication
Organisms that are not native to a specific habitat and are introduced to an ecosystem in which they have never before existed are ______________________.
exotic species
When populations grow at a very fast rate is _____________________________.
exponential growth
People's movements between places is called _____________________.
migration
A relationship between species where both organisms benefit is ___________________.
mutualism
Free-swimming organisms in an aquatic ecosystem is known as _________________.
nekton
Turtles, whales, and seals are examples of ________________________.
nekton
The role played by a particular organism within its habitat is its __________________.
niche
A tick on a dog is an example of _______________________.
parasitism
The ability to hold water is referred to as _________________________.
permeability
Drifting organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are known as _________________________.
plankton
An illegal form of hunting is ________________.
poaching
Members of the same species who live together at the same place and time is a(n) _______________________.
population
The percentage of a rock's total volume that has pores and spaces is referred to as its _______________________.
porosity
When organisms feed on other organisms it is known as ____________________.
predation
The point at which water from Earth's surface reaches down into an aquifer is called a(n) _______________________.
recharge zone
The ability of a species to produce a certain number of offspring is its _________________________.
reproductive potential
A large flowing network of streams and rivers moving across a land area is a ______________________.
river system
The type of organisms that live in an ecosystem depends on the _________________ of the water.
salinity
Mineral-rich deposits formed from estuaries flowing into rivers are _____________________.
salt marshes
Harmful substances released into the atmosphere when two different primary pollutants react with each other are considered _______________________.
secondary pollutants
Coral reefs obtain their food by ____________________________.
stinging their food
The moving of people from rural settings to cities that lead to strained infrastructure, reduction of farmland and wildlife habitat is ___________________________.
urbanization
Which of these is NOT a reason death rates have declined?
urbanization
Land that is periodically underwater is referred to as _____________________.
wetlands
