science ch:13
A chemical change breaks the ______________ between elements.
bonds
large amount of solute per given amount of solvent
concentrated
_____ is an inverse measure of the concentration of hydronium ions (H O ) in a solution?
pH
A solution that contains all the solute it can hold under the given conditions is ____.
saturated
The concentration of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by _____?
the volume of the solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
true
Explain which types of atoms make up a water molecule.
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Because water is a polar molecule, it dissolves nonpolar molecules._______________
False - other polar
formula for the hydroxide ion
OH-
What are three ways to make a solute dissolve faster?
Stirring the solution, crushing the solute, or increasing the temperature of the solution.
How does a solution with a pH of 2 compare to a solution with a pH of 1?
The pH 1 solution is ten times more acidic than that with a pH of 2.
Which of the following can NOT be used to separate heterogeneous mixtures?
a microscope
Which of the following types of substance would be least likely to dissolve in water?
a nonpolar molecule like cholesterol
produce hydronium ions when dissolved in water
acid
produces hydronium ions in water
acid
solution with a pH of 3
acid
tastes sour
acid
produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
base
produces hydroxide ions in water
base
solution with a pH above 7
base
tastes bitter
base
Acids react with _____ to form neutral solutions.
bases
Give two examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
blood, granite
Only a _______________ change can separate the elements that make up a compound.
chemical
The amount of a particular solute in a given amount of solution is _____.
concentration
As hydronium concentrations increase, the pH _____.
decreases
small amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
dilute
A solution is neutral if it has more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.
false
All liquid solutions contain water.
false
Indicators can be used to find out how acidic or basic a solution is.
false
The solubility of a substance describes how fast a solute will dissolve.
false
How can mixtures be separated?
filtering, boiling, using a magnet
Which of the following is a substance?
gold
The amount of table sugar that will dissolve in 1 kg of water can be increased by ____.
heating the solution
A bag of trail mix is a _______________ mixture of types of food.
heterogeneous
An uneven mixture of particles is called a _______________ mixture.
heterogeneous
Distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.
homogeneous mixtures: are mixed evenly throughout. heterogeneous mixtures: not evenly mixed
Which shows the slightly positive end of the water molecule?
hydrogen
The reaction shown in the diagram produces chloride ions and _____ ions.
hydronium
The reaction shown in the diagram produces ammonium ions and _____ ions.
hydroxide
turns different colors in acids and bases
indicator
Why is water sometimes called the universal solvent?
it can dissolve so many different solutes.
Two or more substances that are physically blended but are not chemically bonded are called _____.
mixtures
If a substance has a high solubility, _____ of it can dissolve in a given solvent.
more
neutral solution
neither
Which shows the slightly negative end of the water molecule?
oxygen
Which is NOT a method of measuring pH?
pH locator
Mixing is a _______________ change.
physical
Which of the following mixtures is NOT an example of a substance?
pizza
Which type of molecule is shown?
polar
Which is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute it can hold at a given temperature and pressure?
saturated
The three states of matter are _______________, _______________, and _______________.
solid, liquid, gas
Stainless steel is an example of a ____ solution.
solid-solid
substance that dissolves to form a solution
solute
A _______________ dissolves in a _______________.
solute, solvent
another name for a homogenous mixture
solution
larger or largest part of a solution
solvent
Which substance in air is the solvent and which substances are the solutes?
solvent: nitrogen solutes: oxygen, other substances
A _____ is matter that is always made up of the same combination of atoms.
substance
Substances are matter with a composition that is always _______________.
the same
Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution. _______________
true
For the same concentration, strong acids have lower pH values than weak acids.
true
Vinegar and oranges both contain acids.
true
Water is often called the universal solvent.
true
