science midterm

Who was the scientist who gave us the Laws of Motion?

Sir Isaac Newton

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

a rolling ball

Which of the following is not an example of potential energy?

a speeding bullet

Which of the following is an example in which kinetic energy is converted to potential energy?

a spring is stretched

When is a pendulum's kinetic energy equal to zero?

at the top of its swing

the force that prevents a ball rolling on the ground from continuing on its path forever is _____

friction

Which term best describes the type of energy the ball has as it rolls down the plane?

kinetic

Energy that is doing work is called:

kinetic energy

When riding a roller coaster, you go up and down many hills. As you get to the top of a roller coaster, what energy change is taking place?

kinetic energy is changed into potential energy

What is another name for the first law of motion?

law of inertia

At room temperature, the molecules in a sample of mercury metal slip and slide freely past each other. What state of matter is mercury in at room temperature?

liquid

Which kind of kinetic energy is a rolling ball?

mechanical energy

Where does the frog possess kinetic energy?

only when it is jumping in the air

Energy that is stored is called:

potential energy

A waterfall is an example of:

potential energy being converted into kinetic energy.

Light is an example of _________.

radiant energy

A soccer ball accelerates more than a bowling ball when thrown with the same force.

second law

A soccer player kicks a ball with their foot and their toes are left stinging.

second law

Pushing a child on a swing is easier than pushing an adult on the same swing, because the adult has more inertia.

second law

Two students are in a baseball game. The first student hits a ball very hard and it has a greater acceleration than the second student who bunts the ball lightly.

second law

Which law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=MA)?

second law

Which law says that heavier objects require more force than lighter objects to move or accelerate them?

second law

A girl is jumping up and down. At what point has all of her kinetic energy been converted to potential energy?

upon reaching the top of her jump

water freezes at what temperature on the celsius scale?

0 degrees

the sea level boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale is _____

212 degrees

How many Laws of Motion are there?

3

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's first law, law of inertia

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

Newton's second law

For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.

Newton's third law

Which of the following best describes the movement of particles in a solid?

Particles can vibrate slightly, but are unable to move around.

Water boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C. What best describes the molecules of water at 25°C?

The particles are free to move easily past each other.

Which statement best describes the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

The particles are free to move easily past each other.

Explain what happens to the potential energy of a rock as it falls off the side of a cliff.

The potential energy decreases as the kinetic energy increases.

What will happen if the molecules increase their speed?

The temperature of the liquid will rise.

What happens to the molecules as water freezes?

The water molecules slow down.

A balloon is filled with helium gas. Which of the following best describes the behavior of the gas molecules inside the balloon?

They are moving freely, bouncing off of the inside of the balloon.

How are the particles in a solid arranged?

They are packed closely together in fixed positions.

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

a battery

Which one of the following is an example of the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy?

coasting downhill on your bicycle

A magician pulls a tablecloth out from under dishes and glasses on a table without disturbing them.

first law

A person not wearing a seatbelt flies through a car window when someone slams on the breaks because the person's body wants to remain in continuous motion even when the car stops.

first law

A person's body is thrown outward as a car rounds a curve on a highway.

first law

A picture is hanging on a wall and does not move.

first law

Which law explains why we need to wear seatbelts?

first law

a student leaves a pencil on a desk and the pencil stays in the same spot until another student picks it up.

first law

friction is a _____

force

calories are units that express measurement of _____

heat

friction converts the energy of motion to _________ energy

heat

the total kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance refers to its _____

heat

thermal energy is _____

heat

In every conversion of potential to kinetic energy, some of the potential energy is always converted into _________________.

heat energy

When potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, some of that kinetic energy is always in the form of:

heat energy

friction causes the kinetic energy of a rolling ball to be converted into _____

heat energy

which best explains why ice cubes melt when they are placed in a glass of water?

heat is transferred from the water to the ice cubes

At higher temperatures, gases have _______ energy

higher

Suppose you were to drop a tennis ball from the roof of a tall building. As the tennis ball is falling, its kinetic energy:

increases

a ball rolling along a smooth sidewalk suddenly rolls onto a grassy area. what will happen to the ball's motion?

it will roll slower because friction increases

A monkey increases its gravitational potential energy by climbing to the top of a tree. What happens to that potential energy if he climbs back down halfway?

it would decrease by half

Kinetic energy is expressed using which unit?

joules

In which state of matter would the molecules be closest together?

solid

When a thermometer is placed in a substance, what is it actually measuring?

temperature

what is true about a small glass and a large glass filled with water that is the same temperature?

the large glass has more heat than the small glass

Which of the following statements best describes the movement of particles in a liquid?

they slide around each other

Which of the following best describes the movement of gas molecules when they are placed into a new container?

they spread out to fill the container

Rockets are launched into space using jet propulsion where exhaust accelerates out from the rocket and the rocket accelerates in an opposite direction.

third law

Which law explains how rockets are launched into space?

third law

Which law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?

third law

a student wants to make a model to show how friction works. which of the following ideas best demonstrates friction?

wrap tape with sticky side out around a ball and roll it along a surface