Science Test 1/22/2016
Describe an atoms electron cloud.
An atoms electron cloud is the area surrounding the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.
Identify what can be learned about an atom of an element if its atomic number is known.
An elements atomic number tells the number of protons in each atom of the element.
Identify how atoms can vary and what these types of atoms are called.
Atoms can vary by the number of neutrons in their nucleus. These atoms are called isotopes.
The number of electrons in atoms can change when elements combine to form:
Compounds
Which particle in an atom has a negative charge?
Electron
What occupies the space outside of the nucleus in an atom?
Electrons
Describe electrons by identifying their charge and their relative mass compared to the atom as a whole.
Electrons have a negative charge. They are very small; their mass is very tiny; when compared to the mass of the atom as a whole.
A negative ion has more:
Electrons than protons
Describe the relationship between these three factors: - Electrons distance from the nucleus - Attraction between electron and nucleus - Amount of energy electron has
Electrons that are father away from the nucleus are less attracted to it and have more energy. Electrons that are closer to the nucleus are strongly attracted to the nucleus and have less energy.
Which particle in an atom has a positive charge?
Proton
What occupies the space inside the nucleus on an atom?
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus.
A positive ion has more:
Protons than electrons
What could change if you lose one electron in a neutron atom?
The amount of electrons in the atom wound go down by one and the result would be a positive ion.
Relate the amount of energy an electron has to its location within the electron cloud.
The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the less energy it has. The farther away an electron is to the nucleus, the more energy it has.
What is a neutral ion/atom?
A neutral atom has the same number of electrons and protons.
Changing the number of protons in an atom makes:
A new element
Describe how gaining an electron changes the overall charge on an atom.
Gaining an electron fives an atom an overall negative charge.
What is a negative ion?
If an atom gains an electron during chemical bonding, it has more electrons than protons. It is now negatively charged.
What is a positive ion?
If there is more protons than electrons due to an electron being lost in chemical bonding, this atom now has a positive charge.
Where is most of the mass of an atom found?
In the nucleus
An atom that has a charge because it has gained or lost electrons is an:
Ion
Describe the structure of the atom in the diagram above, How many of each type of particle does it have?
It has two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons.
An atom with the same number of protons and electrons has a:
Neutral charge
Which particle in an atom has no charge?
Neutron
If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, its isotope would have a different number of:
Neutrons
Describe the nucleus by identifying the particles that are inside of it, its overall charge, and its mass compared to the mass of an atom.
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. It has an overall neutral charge, and it contains most of the mass of the atom.
What could change if you add one electron to a neutron atom?
The number of electrons would go up by one and the result would be a negative ion.
What could change in a neutron atom if you add one neutron?
The number of neutrons would go up by one and the result would be isotope.
What could change in a neutron atom if you add one proton?
The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons go up by one and it results in a new element.
A neutral atom has an atomic number of 26. How many electrons does this atom have? Explain your reasoning.
This neutral atom has 26 electrons. I arrived at this answer because a neutral atom means that the atom has the same amount of protons and electrons. Also, the atomic number represents how many protons and electrons are present in an element.