Science Unit 5

Which system responds to hormones to regulate body processes by either constricting or dilating to change blood flow to various organs?

circulatory

Which is an example of the body maintaining homeostasis? a) Blood vessels dilating to release excess heat. b) Maintaining a proper pH balance c) Blinking your eyes. d) All of these.

d) All of these.

Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to diffusion?

Diffusion does not necessarily require a membrane

List the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex.

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Define tissue:

Cells that work together to form organs

Blood, bone, and cartilage are examples of what kind of tissue?

Connective

Which types of tissue hold groups of muscles together?

Connective

Which system releases hormones that regulate body processes?

Endocrine

Milecules That are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by

Endocytosis

Which two body systems work together to help remove waste products from blood. What are these two systems?

Excretory and circulatory

The head of a phospholipid is _______, while the tails are _________. *

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Substance A is dropped into a chamber containing a permeable membrane. 10 grams of substance A is added to one side of the membrane, substance A is able to move across the membrane at will. What will happen to the concentration of substance A if it is left to diffuse for an extended period of time?

It will reach equilibrium

What will happen to the cell in image C? (lots of particles outside cell and little particles inside cell)

It will shrink.

Does the following show positive or negative feedback: an example of a feedback mechanism in humans would be the increase in heart rate and respiratory rate which occurs in response to increased exercise or other increased muscle cell activity.

Negative

Does the following show positive or negative feedback: in hot environments, when plants begin to lose water, some will close their stomata (openings on the underside of leaves) to keep prevent water loss.

Negative

Does the following show positive or negative feedback: osteoclasts (bone cells) are signaled to break down bone which release minerals to the blood. When blood levels reach adequate levels, osteocytes are no longer needed and stop bone degradation.

Negative

Does running away from a dog help the body maintain homeostasis?

No

Does diffusion use energy? Why or why not

No because you are going high to low so you don't need energy

Define facilitated diffusion and give an example of when our cells utilize this process.

Passive transport of materials across cell membrane by carrier proteins, an example is glucose

Which type of cell transport processes do NOT expand energy?

Passive transport- simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Which of the following describes the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins gliding past one another in a fluid motion.

Does the following show positive or negative feedback: lactation (milk production in women) increases as the baby suckles more. So, more suckling means more milk is produced.

Positive

Compare and contrast positive feedback and negative feedback.

Positive raises the body system to get it more working while negative slows or stops the process when it is unnecessary

Which other organ system works with the circulatory system to help it perform its main function?

Respiratory

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cell membrane

Responsible for the synthesis of ATP.

Which portion of the digestive system absorbs nutrients?

Small intestine

Which types of tissue does the stomach contain so that it may perform its function?

Smooth muscle and epithelial

Which type of tissue lines hollow organs and the surface of the body.

Smooth muscles

What is the purpose of connective tissue in blood vessels?

Strength and elasticity

A person develops an elevated body temperature from a bacterial infection. How does a fever help the body fight the infection?

The fever tries to increase levels inside the body in order for the body to work harder and kill the bad germs

Luke has gone into cardiac arrest, meaning his heart stopped beating. What would likely happen to Luke's body cells if Luke's heart stops beating?

They will not get the needed nutrients like oxygen and water

What is the overall purpose/goal of homeostatic mechanisms?

To maintain proper internal function

Define active transport and give an example of when our cells utilize this process.

Transport of materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient, an example is ions like NA+ and K+

A small boy is thrown from a horse into an icy river. He is in the water a total of two minutes before being pulled to safety. The emergency crew took the boy's pulse, and it was below normal. Which statement best explains the drop in pulse?

Vasoconstriction concentrated the blood flow to the vital organs in response to the freezing water temperatures.

After eating a salty snack like movie popcorn, the cells in your mouth become saturated with salt. In terms of osmosis, what happens to the cells in your mouth in reaction to the salty popcorn?

Water moves out of cell and you will feel thirsty

The job of a carrier protein in the cell membrane is to

allow larger molecules and charged molecules to pass through

Cells of the immune system that neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria or viruses are called

antibodies

These immune system cells "attack" foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses

antibodies

List the purpose and provide an example of connective tissue

binds, supports, and protects the body structures example: bone, cartilage, tendons, blood

A disease that attacks and destroys lung tissue would most likely affect the entire the body because it could interfere with __________________

cellular respiration in cells

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by

carrier proteins, facilitated diffusion, active transport

List the purpose and provide an example of muscle tissue

cells that contract to form movement example: smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Which of the following does not expend energy?

diffusion

This system breaks down macromolecules to make energy.

digestive

What occurs when there is an imbalance of homeostasis.

disease or cellular malfunction

Because of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances ___________________.

eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane

Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called

exocytosis

Sugar molecules (glucose) enter cells through the process of ____________________.

facilitated diffusion

Through which process does glucose move into a cell from an area of high glucose concentration in the bloodstream to the low glucose concentration inside the cells cytoplasm

facilitated diffusion

Diffusion takes place __________________________

from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Refer to the illustration. In which direction are water molecules in this system most likely to diffuse?

from water high and solute low -to- water low and solute low

Name three factors that may influence the ability to maintain homeostasis.

geographic location, genetic makeup, lifestyle, drugs, little sleep/exercise

How does the skeletal system maintain homeostasis

has proper levels of calcium and other minerals; provides shape and structure

The process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment is called _______.

homeostasis

The concentration of solute is higher outside the cell compared to inside.

hypertonic

The concentration of solute is lower outside the cell compared to inside

hypotonic

The concentration of water and solute is the same inside and outside the cell.

isotonic

How does the digestive system help the body maintain homeostasis?

it breaks down food and provides nutrients for the body systems to work

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

it enables the membrane to stay flexible when temperature changes

How does the nervous system help to maintain homeostasis?

it sends signals to the brain when something occurs in the body

List the purpose and provide an example of epithelial tissue

line/cover internal and external body surfaces example: skin

Placing a red blood cell into a hypertonic environment will ...

make the cell shrink

Placing a red blood cell into a hypotonic environment will ...

make the cell swell

Define diffusion

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

This system releases neurotransmitters to communicate between its own cells to illicit a change

nervous

Name two body systems that are most responsible for regulating homeostasis.

nervous and endocrine

Which two body systems are most important for regulating homeostasis?

nervous and endocrine

Homeostasis

organ systems work together to maintain a stable environment

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called

osmosis

The process by which water passes into our out of a cell is called __________.

osmosis

Which types of molecules make up the major structural components of the cell membrane

phospholipids and proteins

Which will transport sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

protein pump

A ____ is a structure that senses change, while a(n) ____ are muscles, organs, or other structures that receive signals from the brain to correct the change.

receptor; effector

This system regulates blood pH levels.

respiratory

Sprinting is an activity that causes the cells of the muscular system to use oxygen at a faster rate as well as create more carbon dioxide that gets released into the bloodstream. Which system responds to maintain the blood pH level?

respiratory system

What is the function of the cell membrane

serves as a boundary between the cell and the environment allowing water, waste, and minerals in or out of the cell; regulates what goes in and out

When you breathe in oxygen it crosses from the alveoli in your lungs into your blood via _____.

simple diffusion

This system provides structure and protects internal organs

skeletal

Which system regulates mineral homeostasis by breaking down bone to release minerals to blood as needed?

skeletal

A signal that comes from outside the body and causes an organism to react in some way is called a(n) ________.

stimuli

Where in the body would you find involuntary muscle?

stomach

Patty is severely dehydrated. How would the kidneys most likely respond in attempt to maintain homeostasis?

the kidneys would attempt to alter salt levels in order to maintain and maximize fluids

List the purpose and provide an example of nervous tissue

transmit messages and receive them example is a bump on your elbow sending a message to your nerves then going to the brain and causing a reaction

Which type of pressure is responsible for the maintenance of a plant's upright position?

turgor pressure

Do blood vessels dilating to release excess heat help the body maintain homeostasis?

yes

Does blinking your eyes help the body maintain homeostasis?

yes

Does the kidneys reducing water levels in the urine due to dehydration help the body maintain homeostasis?

yes