SCM Chopra 17

Metrics that would typically be in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports would contain A) revenue. B) social. C) environmental. D) both social and environmental.

D

Most concrete action has been observed primarily when a focus on sustainability A) increases revenue for sustainability initiatives. B) makes the world more sustainable. C) attracts customers who value sustainability. D) reduces risk and improving the financial performance of the supply chain.

D

Which of these sustainability initiatives has NOT been a success for Starbucks? A) Managing waste and conserving water and energy B) Ensuring that working conditions are safe and humane C) Reducing agrochemical use D) Encouraging customers to bring a reusable coffee cup

D

An emissions tax is characterized as a progressive tax because it charges each entity a tax proportional to their environmental emissions.

FALSE

An example of a relative measure of emission output is pounds of CO2 per gallon of diesel fuel.

FALSE

Customers have usually backed up words about the importance of sustainability with a willingness to pay more for sustainable products.

FALSE

In a cap-and-trade approach, the government creates an infinite number of tradeable emission allowances that must be surrendered to the companies generating the largest emissions.

FALSE

In reality, there are no actions in a supply chain that improve both sustainability and supply chain surplus.

FALSE

In the short to medium term, a focus on supply chain sustainability tends to provide costs that are shared but benefits that are local to a firm or individual.

FALSE

A firm's new sustainability improvement initiative is best begun by focusing on resource reduction activities.

TRUE

A focus on sustainability allows a supply chain to better serve more environmentally conscious customers while often improving supply chain performance.

TRUE

For most firms, the extent of direct emissions is typically only a small fraction of the extent of indirect emissions in the supply chain.

TRUE

Hardin (1968) described the tragedy of the commons as a dilemma arising when the common good does not align perfectly with the good of individual entities.

TRUE

In a command-and-control approach, the government or regulators help the common good by setting standards that everyone must adhere to.

TRUE

It is more difficult to focus on sustainability at the supply chain level than at the individual firm level.

TRUE

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a United Nations body that has been assessing global warming since 1990, has written that even though most of the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has come from the United States and Western Europe, it is poorer countries that are closer to the equator that are likely to pay the biggest price.

TRUE

The social pillar measures a firm's ability to address issues that are important for its workforce, customers, and society.

TRUE

Walmart started its focus on sustainability as a defensive move given the beating it was taking from environmental activists.

TRUE

Almost 40 percent of ________ could be achieved at negative marginal costs, meaning that investing in these options would generate positive economic returns over their life cycle. A) greenhouse gas abatement B) fuel consumption initiatives C) increased customer base D) improved company reputation

A

In the context of greenhouse gas emission, the GHG protocol initiative defines three levels of scope. The following scope is referred to as direct emissions. A) This scope refers to emissions from GHG sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting entity. B) This scope refers to indirect emissions from grid-sourced electricity and other utility services of heat, steam and cooling. C) This scope refers to the inclusion of other indirect emissions coming from sources such as the production of purchased materials, outsourced activities, contractor owned vehicles, waste disposal, and employee business travel. D) This scope refers to the corporate responsibility for direct discharging of emissions into public water systems.

A

In the short to medium term, an improved focus on sustainability provides benefits that A) are shared but costs that may be local to a firm. B) are local to firms but a cost that is global. C) are shared and costs that are global. D) are local and costs that are global.

A

The phenomenon where each actor is incentivized to maximize his gain from a public asset at the expense of all others is A) the tragedy of the commons. B) cap-and-trade. C) the closed loop. D) the social pillar.

A

Walmart reduced its energy consumption by A) adding skylights for natural light. B) increasing packaging. C) redesigning their logo. D) routing trucks to make only right turns.

A

A(n) ________ measure of performance is more effective at capturing sustainability improvement. A) scope B) relative C) absolute D) statistical

B

Much less success for sustainability initiatives has been driven by A) increased revenue for sustainability initiatives. B) customer demand. C) attracted customers who value sustainability. D) reduced risk and improving the financial performance of the supply chain.

B

Unilever, the Dutch-British consumer goods giant, has invested significant effort to help emerging economies such as Brazil and India wrestle with poverty, water scarcity and climate change. The company sees ________ of its sales and the majority of its growth coming from emerging economies. A) almost 25% B) almost 50% C) almost 60% D) almost 75%

B

Which of these illustrates the tragedy of the commons? A) A major automotive manufacturer receives a shipment of faulty air bags and installs them anyway since most drivers don't have accidents. B) Major industrialized nations generate the most pollution but poorer countries near the equator are most affected. C) Each apartment dweller has a kitchen trash bag and carries it to a common dumpster in the apartment complex when it is full. D) A bachelor has an impressive saltwater tank of tropical fish and feeds all of them from the same dispenser of fish food.

B

Which of these tends to hinder a firm's implementation of sustainability measures? A) Willingness of customers to pay more for sustainable goods B) Insufficient return on investment C) Ease of evaluating sustainability across a product life cycle D) Creation of trade barriers

B

________ is a mechanism that constrains the aggregate emissions by creating a limited number of tradeable emission allowances, which emission sources must secure and surrender in proportion to their emissions. A) Command-and-control B) Cap-and-trade C) Cap-and-control D) Emissions tax

B

Which of these approaches to solving the tragedy of the commons is considered a market approach? A) Command-and-control B) Mean absolute deviation C) Cap-and-trade D) Mutual coercion

C

Which of these is a relative measurement? A) Tons B) Kilowatt-hours C) Parts per million D) Kelvin

C

________ is a social arrangement that encourages all participants to behave such that they do not contribute to the tragedy of the commons. A) A zero sum game B) Escalation of commitment C) Mutual coercion D) Barzini Red

C

A ________ approach requires a government or regulatory agency to establish and enforce standards. A) slap and tickle B) superior-inferior C) laissez faire D) command and control

D