SCMH TEST 1, test 2, Higgins test 2, test 3, Higgins Final Exam, SCHM HIGGINGS TEST 1, SCMH LAB TEST 1

speed

same for all kinds of electromagnetic waves

gamma radiation

shortest wavelength

Michael Faraday

showed that electrical forces could be used to do work- demonstrated the first generator

low pitches

sound waves with low frequencies have

300 m/s

speed of sound

ultraviolet radiation

sterilizes medical equipment

potential energy

stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object

Farenheit

temperature scale on which 0 represents the coldest temperature that was obtained for salt water

Kelvin

temperature scale that says 0 degrees is equal to the absences or lack of energy

Celsius

temperature scale that uses pure water as the standard to calibrate the scale of heat detection

Energy

the ability to do work. unit: Joule

Astrology is not a science because

its a supersitition

Number of protons

According to what parameter is the periodic table is the periodic organized?

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is known as

helium

An atom with two protons in the nucleus is called:

Neutron

An electrically neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom is called

is composed of atoms with only eight protons

An element with an atomic number of 8

outer shell electron configurations

Atoms in the same column of the periodic table have the same:

changing magnetic fields

Electric fields and electric currents can be produced by

force

is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of a object. unit: Newton

chemical energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds

second law of thermodynamics

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. In order to decrease the entropy, works must be done on it by an external agent

what did James Prescott Joule discover about heat?

Heat is a form of energy

conduction

Heat transfer by direct contact, like when heat is transferred within a solid piece of metal

work

How far a force is applied. W=force x distance

a different row in the periodic table corresponds to a different shell

How is the organization of the Periodic Table of Elements related to the number of electrons in the outermost shell of atoms?

hydrogen and oxygen

If you use an electrical current to break down water, you get what two gases?

2

In the innermost electron shell, there can only be __________ electrons.

horizontal row

In the periodic table of the elements, a period refers to the

hydrogen

In the periodic table of the elements, the only element lighter than helium is

electrical forces can ethier be attractive or repulsive, while gravity is only attractive

In what way does Newtons law of universal gravitation differ from coulombs law?

quantify the energy generated by a horse in mines

James Watts designed experiments in horsepower to

ohm

Measures resistance

atomic weights

Mendeleev based the original periodic table on the:

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element

The atomic number of an element best corresponds to

are in an excited state jumps to a ground state

Photons are emitted when electrons:

Calories

unit of energy

number of protons in the nucleus

The elements in the current periodic table are arranged based on the:

Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

The experiment proved that an atom is mostly empty space by using alpha particles was:

volt

The measurement unit for voltage

Acceleration

The rate at which velocity changes over time

absolute zero

The temperature at which molecular and atomic vibrations are zero; all heat is extracted

radiation

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. ex- sunlight (EM Waves) hitting dark roof tiles and heating up a house

Galileo's experiment

falling objects on earth accelerate at the same rate regardless of their masses

hertz

Unit of frequency

Gold

Which element was probably the first element ever discovered (knowingly or unknowingly) by humans?

bar magnets take advantage of the electrons moving around in atoms to create a magnetic field

a bar magnet is magnetic even when no electric current is passing through it. why?

Entropy

a measure of the disorder of a system

null hypothesis

a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong

lower states of entropy

a system that moves towards a higher state of order also moves towards

Reinforcement

another word for constructive interference

some energy is always lost as a form of heat

as energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next,

Doppler effect

change in wave frequency when source or receiver is moving

Energy can be stored in a flashlight battery as:

chemical potential energy

0 K

coldest temperature

temperature

compares how vigorous atoms are moving in a substance

resistance

conductors are material with very low

Wavelength

crest to crest, trough to trough, one round of the base line through one crest and peak to the next baseline

Voltage

current x resistance

speed

distance/time

two aspects of one source

electricity and magnetism are

what type of data is a measurement of sensing of the real world

empirical

radiant energy

energy carried by an electromagnetic wave, solar energy

kinetic energy

energy of motion

static electricity

exists when there is an unbalance of electrons

When a meteorite hits Earth, heat is generated. What best describes this process?

gravitational potential energy is converted into heat

higher temperature

greater amounts of entropy

hot to cold

heat ONLY flows from

latent heat

heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure

shorter wavelength

higher frequency

yellow

human eyes are most sensitive to this color

energy

in a isolated system, the total amount of _____ is conserved

373

in the kelvin scale, water boils at

sound

longitudinal wave

longer wavelength

lower frequency

amp

measure of electrical current

Coulombs

measure the amount of electrical charge

Charles Coulomb

measured the force of the electric charge in objects

phone

most likely would be running on a DC electricity?

if a force cannot move the object it is applied to then,

no work is done

plants

organism at the first trophic level

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

planets orbit the sun along elliptical paths

rate is

power, acceleration

insulation

prevents the entrance of or loss of heat

gravitational force

produces magnetic fields

astronomy

the earliest science

transfer energy without transferring mass

the fundamental difference between electromagnetic waves and other types of waves, is that electromagnetic waves

control group

the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

specific heat capacity

the measure of the ability of a material to absorb heat

Accerleration

the rate at which velocity changes over time. unit: m/s^2

power

the rate at which work is done. P= work done/time. unit: watt

The rating of a light bulb at 100 watts actually specifically indicates

the rate of energy the bulb consumes

Velocity

the speed of an object in a particular direction

Convection

the transfer of heat by density- driven moment of gases or fluids

Which is not a step in the scientific method?

to form an opinion

ohms law states

voltage (volts) = current (amps) x resistance (ohms)

amplitude

what aspect of a sound wave makes it seem loud to people hearing the sound?

current

when electric charges are in motion, we have a

frequency has changed

when we hear a sound change from a higher pitch to a lower pitch, this means the

more disordered and at higher entropy

you add heat to a solid and it causes it to melt, the resulting configuration is