Scrotum SonoSim

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the inguinal canal?

-The inguinal canal is contained within the abdominal wall. -The inguinal canal serves as an interconnecting pathway between the scrotum and peritoneal cavity. -The spermatic cord courses through the inguinal canal.

Which of the following features should be studied during sonographic examination of the testes?

-Echotexture -size -Vascularity

Which of the following statements regarding Doppler-mode imaging of the testis is correct?

-Low-flow settings will improve one's ability to document testicular blood flow. -Both color and power-flow Doppler can be used to demonstrate testicular blood flow.

Which of the following statements relating to sperm development is correct?

-Optimal sperm development conditions occur at slightly below core body temperature. -The cremaster muscle contracts and relaxes in response to thermoregulatory stimuli.

Which of the following structures are contained within the spermatic cord?

-Pampiniform venous plexus -Deferential artery -Vas deferens

Which of the following statements regarding epididymal anatomy is correct?

-Seminal fluid from the seminiferous tubules is transported to the epididymis. -The tail of the epididymis gives rise to the vas deferens.

Which of the following structures is contained within the spermatic cord?

-Testicular artery -Ductus Deferens

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes venous drainage of the testes?

-Testicular venous drainage converges at the pampiniform venous plexus. -The pampiniform venous plexus eventually becomes the testicular vein.

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the epididymis?

-The epididymis courses from the superior to the inferior pole of the testis -The epididymis delivers seminal fluid to the vas deferens.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the vascular supply to the testicle?

-The pampiniform plexus is a venous network that coalesces to form the testicular vein. -Arteries that supply the testes arise directly from the aorta, internal iliac artery, and external iliac artery.

Which of the following statements regarding the scrotum is correct?

-The scrotal wall consists of skin, the tunica dartos, and fascial layers -The tunica dartos is a thin, muscular layer. -The external surface of the scrotum is divided by the median raphe -The tunica dartos merges with fascial layers to form the midline septum

Which of the following statements regarding testicular anatomy is correct?

-The testicle is covered by dense connective tissue called the tunica albuginea. -The tunica albuginea is encapsulated within the tunica vaginalis. -Dense fibers from the tunica albuginea subdivide the testes into functional lobules.

When scanning the testes with ultrasound, __________.

-each testis should be scanned in both transverse and longitudinal axes -long-axis imaging should include the lateral, middle, and medial aspects of the testicle

The testes __________.

-perform endocrine and exocrine functions -produce androgen hormones -produce spermatozoa

Which of the following structures is most helpful in identifying the spermatic cord on ultrasound?

Blood vessels contained within the spermatic cord

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes Doppler-mode imaging of the testicle?

None of the above

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the flow of semen?

Semen is delivered from seminiferous tubules to the epididymis to the vas deferens.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the path of semen flow?

Seminiferous tubules to epididymis to vas deferens

Which of the following statements regarding transducer selection for scrotal ultrasound is correct?

none of the above

The __________ arteries provide oxygenated blood to the testes and arise directly off the abdominal aorta, just distal to the renal arteries.

testicular

The __________ courses laterally around the bladder and unites with the seminal vesicle duct to form the right or left ejaculatory duct along the posterior margin of the prostate.

vas deferens

An important benefit of simultaneously scanning both testes, as seen in this transverse ultrasound image, is the ability to analyze characteristics of both testes using identical imaging settings (e.g., depth, gain, flow).

True

Doppler-mode imaging is particularly useful for differentiating the spermatic cord from adjacent structures.

True

Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells, which lie in connective tissue spaces between the seminiferous tubules.

True

The major ducts, arteries, veins, and lymphatics that supply the testicle converge at the mediastinum testis.

True

The pulsed-wave Doppler tracing seen in the left image demonstrates venous flow, while the right tracing demonstrates an arterial flow pattern.

True

When performing scrotal ultrasound, a warm environment should be provided. A cold room and cold ultrasound gel should be avoided.

True

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes testicular anatomy?

Tunica albuginea fibers penetrate the testis and form interlobular septa within the testis.