Second AP Bio test questions and answers

A common laboratory investigation involves putting a solution of starch and glucose into a dialysis bag and suspending the bag in a beaker of water, as shown in the figure below. The investigation is aimed at understanding how molecular size affects movement through a membrane. Which of the following best represents the amount of starch, water, and glucose in the dialysis bad over the course of the investigation? (look at the test question) A. B. C. D.

A.

Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope? A. A eukaryotic cell B. A virus C. A DNA sequence D. The inner structure of a mitochondrion

A. A eukaryotic cell

The same procedure was repeated with a second protein(protein y). If the function of Y is protein processing and packaging, the most radioactivity would be found in the A. Golgi Apparatus B. Nucleus C. Cytoplasm D. Lyosomes

A. Golgi Apparatus

Membranes are components of all of the following except a A. Microtubule B. Nucleus C. Golgi Apparatus D. Mitochondrion

A. Microtubule

Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein x moves through the cell?(look at graph on test) A. endoplasmic reticulum -> golgi apparatus -> lyosomes B. Endoplasmic Reticulum -> Golgi Apparatus -> nucleus -> cytoplasm -> lyosomes C. Extracellular space -> mitochondria -> cytoplasm D. Golgi Apparatus -> cytoplasm -> -> lyosomes

A. endoplasmic reticulum -> golgi apparatus -> lyosomes

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells? A. Nucleus B. Golgi Apparatus C. Cytoskeleton D. Plasma Membrane

B. Golgi Apparatus

Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data? A. At higher osmolarity, lower rates of contraction are required because more salt diffuses into the paramecia B. The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases C. The contractile vacuole is less efficient in solutions of high osmolarity because of the reduced amount of ATP produced from cellular respiration D. In an isosmotic salt solution, there is no diffusion of water into or out of the paramecia, so the contraction rate is zero

B. The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases

A group of students was viewing a sample of onion cells under the microscope. One of the students accidentally made the wet mount using the same saline solution instead of tap water solution, which resulted in the photographs of the cells shown(Look at test question). Which of the following best describes why the cells appear as they do below? A. The salt water was isotonic to the onion cells and caused no net movement of water to occur B. The salt water was hypertonic to the onion cells and caused water to move out of the onion cells C. The salt water was hypotonic to the onion cells and caused the water to move into the onion cells D. The salt water was hypertonic to the onion cells and caused the water to move into the onion cells

B. The salt water was hypertonic to the onion cells and caused water to move out of the onion cells

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process? A. osmosis B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. receptor mediated exocytosis

B. phagocytosis

In graphing the fata from this experiment, the sampling time would be shown on the x axis because A. cell components were shown on the y axis B. sampling time is the independent variable C. time values are always located on the horizontal axis D. All quantitative values are represented on the x axis

B. sampling time is the independent variable

Which is a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the Endosymbiotic Theory? A. Both contain ribosomes that are identical to ribosomes of the eukaryotic cytoplasm B. Both can reproduce on their own outside of the cell C. Both contain their own DNA D. Both contain endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies

C. Both contain their own DNA

Membrane bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes? A. Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles B. Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure C. Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency D. Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species

C. Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited? A. Movement of oxygen into a cell B. Movement of water through aquaporins C. Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient D. Facilitated diffusion of a permeable surface

C. Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria? A. The organism is surrounded by a cell wall B. The organism contains ribosomes C. The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material D. The organism is not capable of making or providing itself with ATP

C. The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material

There is a lower limit to cell size. The cell should be large enough to A. adapt to the changing environmental conditions B. escape detection C. accommodate the structures and metabolic activities necessary for survival D. reproduce

C. accommodate the structures and metabolic activities necessary for survival

Receptor mediated endocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it A. transports only small amounts of fluid B. does not involve the pinching off of membrane C. only brings in a specifically targeted substance D. brings substances into the cell while phagocytosis expels them

C. only brings in a specifically targeted substance

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? A. A membrane bound nucleus B. cell wall made of cellulose C. ribosomes D. Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

C. ribosomes

Of the following, which is the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? A. Golgi -> Lyosome -> ER -> Plasma membrane B. ER -> chloroplasts -> mitochondrion -> cell membrane C. Nuclear Envelope _> lyosome -> Golgi -> plasma membrane D. rough ER -> vesicles -> Golgi -> plasma membrane

D. rough ER -> vesicles -> Golgi -> plasma membrane

(Look at graph) What is the ration of the surface area to volume rations for the sphere and the cube? A. 4:1 B. 3:1 C 2:1 D. 1:1

D. 1:1

What is the most likely identity of protein X? A. An enzyme that is involved in transcription B. An electron transport protein that participates in respiration reactions C. A protein secreted from liver cells into the blood stream that permits capillary function D. An enzyme that participates in the degradation and recycling of cell components

D. An enzyme that participates in the degradation and recycling of cell components

A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because A. ribosomes are visible B. an endoplasmic reticulum can be seen C. a cell membrane is present D. It has a large central vacuole

D. It has a large central vacuole

What happens to the proteins that are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm? A. they move through Golgi apparatus and enter the nucleus B. They move through the Golgi apparatus and remain in the cytoplasm C. They do not move through the Golgi Apparatus and enter the nucleus D. They do not move through the Golgi Apparatus and remain free in the cytoplasm

D. They do not move through the Golgi Apparatus and remain free in the cytoplasm