Section 4.1

Minerals break along planes where atomic bonds are?

Weak

What does the definite crystalline structure of a mineral consist of?

Atoms arranged in regular, repeating,geometric pattern.

In double refraction, light is?

Bent in two directions

Which mineral bubbles when it comes in contact with hydrochloride acid because the calcite releases?

Calcite

Can minerals with cleavage have more than one cleavage plane? If so, give an example.

Yes, minerals with cleavage can have more than one cleavage plane, such as halite.

Another property describes how a mineral will break. If a mineral splits easily and evenly along one or more planes, it has the property of --------, while minerals that break along jagged edges are said to have --------. The density of a mineral is usually expressed as -------- -------, which is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius.

Cleavage, fracture, specific gravity

Can all minerals produce a streak on a porcelain plate? Why or why not?

Not all minerals can produce a streak on a porcelain plate, only those that are softer than a porcelain plate.

Identification tests for minerals are based on their?

Physical and chemical properties

What is a crystal?

A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.

What is a mineral?

A mineral is a naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a spcific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.

Minerals can form from elements dissolved in a solution. T/F

True

Minerals can form from the cooling of magma. T/F

True

Small crystals form from rapidly cooling magma. T/F

True

How many minerals are represented on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness? What is the range of hardness of those minerals?

10 minerals are represented on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. The range of hardness of those minerals is 1-10.

Geologists use physical properties to identify minerals. For example, the ------ of mineral is caused by the presence of different trace elements. The way a mineral reflects light from its surface is called ------, which is described as metallic and nonmetallic. How a mineral feels to the touch is called -------.

Color, luster, texture

What is the difference between density and specific gravity?

Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume, while specific gravity is a way to measure density, which is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water a 4 degrees Celsius.

If magma cools slowly, atoms do not have time to arrange themselves into large crystals. T/F

False

When liquid evaporates from a solution, the remaining elements cannot form crystals. T/F

False

How does forming in a restricted space affect the structure of a crystal?

Forming in a restrictive space does not allow a crystal to form properly, resulting in a polar shape.

Minerals, such as Quartz, that break along jagged edges are said to have?

Fracture

Lodestone can pick up iron fillings. What special property does lodestone have?

Magnetism

Can minerals occur as liquids? Why or why not?

Minerals cannot occur as liquids because by definition a mineral is a solid.

Why is salt classified as a mineral, but sugar is not?

Salt is mined, while sugar is grown. Therefore, salt is a mineral because it is inorganic and sugar is not a mineral because it is organic.

The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius is its?

Specific gravity

A mineral's ------ is the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered. A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched is called --------.

Streak, hardness

A minerals's hardness with respect to other minerals can be determined by?

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness

Can the chemical composition is a single mineral vary? Explain your answer.

The chemical composition of some minerals can vary, but only if the amounts of elements in them vary.

Why are feldspars considered to be minerals even though their compositions vary?

The composition of feldspars only changes within a very narrow range of temperatures at which it crystallizes. The range is specific to identify the variety accurately.

The appearance of milky Quartz is caused by?

Trapped bubbles of gas and liquid

Density differences can force magma upward into cooler layers of Earth's interior. T/F

True

If a solution remains unsaturated, mineral crystals may precipitate. T/F

True