Semester 1 AP World Final

3 Ottoman and Mughal Images Gunpowder: All of the following pieces of additional information regarding the events portrayed in Image 2 are factually accurate. Which would be most useful in evaluating the message that the image was intended to convey?

Emperor Aurangzeb was a strong proponent of Sunni Islam, while the rulers of Golconda were supporters of Shiism.

2 Decline of Eurasian urban populations and disease: Which of the following most directly contributed to the decline of Eurasian urban populations during the fourteenth century?

Epidemic disease

3 Chardin Travels in Persia: Which of the following historical processes after 1750 contributed most directly to a change in Safavid production and export parents as described in the passage?

European industrialization

1 Countess of Bearn: The act of the countess of Bearn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political developments?

Feudalism

3 Jewish Community in Spain: The policy toward minority religious groups described in Source 1 is most consistent with the policy toward minority religious groups in Islamic states in the period before 1450 because it

Granted limited personal freedom and protection

3 Ottoman and Mughal Images Gunpowder: Taken together, the two images best support which of the following claims regarding developments in the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

Gunpowder technology facilitated the expansion of land-based empires.

3 Du Halde Jesuits in China: All of the following statements about Du Halde are factually accurate. Which would most likely lead historians to question the objectivity of his portrayal of the scholars shown in the image?

He was a Jesuit and based his book on Jesuit missionary reports.

1 Madura Vijayam: Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph?

Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.

4 Indian Ocean Trade Maps: The expansion of trade routes along the coast of Africa as shown on Map 2 was most directly facilitated by which of the following?

Improved ship designs and navigational technologies

1 De Leon on Inca Roads: Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph?

Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

2 Angkor Wat photo and cross cultural interactions: Angkor Wat in Southeast Asia built circa 1100 C.E., shown above, reflects which of the following world historical processes?

Increased cross-cultural interactions in the Indian Ocean region

2 Increased interregional trade, Afro-Eurasia cities: Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450 ?

Increased interregional trade

2 Ibn Battuta on Southeast Asia: Ibn Battuta claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450?

Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions

4 Christ the Mariner Image: The implicit claim made by the image about a connection between religious devotion and maritime exploration best demonstrates which of the following in the period circa 1450-1750 ?

Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.

2 Ibn Battuta on Southeast Asia: The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to...

Inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of places he visited

2 Trans-Saharan Trade Secondary: Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans-Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200-1450 ?

Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves.

2 Trans-Saharan Trade Secondary: Which of the following best explains an effect of the expansion of the Mali Empire on the trans-Saharan trade networks?

It facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks.

3 Battle of Panipat Image: Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image above had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450-1750

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states military capabilities grew

4 Golkonda Marriage: Which of the following most likely describes the fate of the Golkonda state after 1650 ?

It was conquered by the Mughal Empire.

1 Countess of Bearn: The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe?

Its decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinates.

4 Fumi-e Japanese Plate Image: In the late nineteenth century, Japanese attitudes toward European cultural influences changed as a direct result of

Japan enacting political reforms during the Meiji Era

1 Countess of Bearn: In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments?

Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords

1 Elkiss on Kilwa Secondary: The interregional connections of states such as those on the East African coast can best be used as an illustration of the continued importance of which of the following?

Long-distance trade

2 Swahili History of Pate: Voyages such as those referred to in the third paragraph were most directly facilitated by what?

Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds

2 May on the Mongols Secondary: The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments?

Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.

1 Islamic Science Image: Muslim scholars' incorporation of cultural and intellectual influences from pre-Islamic societies can best be used as evidence that

Muslim states and empires were central to the processes of intellectual transfer in Eurasia

4 Katip Celebi Ottoman Balance of Truth: Which of the following conclusions regarding the Ottoman Empire is best supported by the passage

Ottoman policies sought to limit the activities of some religious groups.

4 Indian Ocean Trade Maps: Which of the following historical developments most strongly contributed to the mapmaker's depiction of West Africa and the southern half of the world in Map 2?

Portugal's development of maritime technology and navigational skills

4 Christ the Mariner Image: A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that

Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

3 Ottoman Devshirme: The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450-1750 ?

Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

3 Chinese and Aztec tributary relationships: Which of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.?

Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states.

4 Chardin Travels in Persia: Which of the following most directly contributed to the geographic expansion of Safavid trade during the period from 1450 to 1750, as indicated in the passage?

Safavid exchanges with European trading-post empires in Asia

4 Fumi-e Japanese Plate Image: The use of objects such as the one shown in the image best illustrates which of the following historical processes from 1450 to 1750?

Some Asian states sought to limit foreign encroachment in their internal affairs.

3 Du Halde Jesuits in China: In the context of the period 1450-1750, which of the following most likely explains why the Qing government employed the scholars shown in the image?

States sought to centralize their rule by including foreigners whose positions were dependent on the state to serve in the bureaucracy.

3 Battle of Panipat Image: Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image above?

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires

2 Ibn Battuta on Southeast Asia: Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a...

Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

4 Fumi-e Japanese Plate Image: In which of the following regions between 1450 and 1750 was Christian missionary activity met with the LEAST amount of resistance by non-European states?

The Americas

1 De Leon on Inca Roads: Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction?

The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly.

3 Ottoman and Mughal Images Gunpowder: Which of the following imperial expansions was most similar to those of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?

The Manchu Empire in East Asia

4 Annals of the Kaqchikels: Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?

The Maya were converted to Christianity.

2 Bubonic Plague and Mongol expansion: Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia?

The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East

3 Jewish Community in Spain: Which of the following states in the period 1450-1750 adopted a religious policy that was most different from the religious policy expressed in Source 2 ?

The Mughal Empire under Akbar

4 Katip Celebi Ottoman Balance of Truth: Which of the following most directly strengthened Sunni religious scholars' role as official interpreters of Islamic doctrine within the Ottoman Empire, as suggested by the passage?

The Ottoman Empire's rivalry with the Safavid Empire

3 Gunpowder and Ottoman expansion: Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire's successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ?

The Ottomans' adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology

3 Du Halde Jesuits in China: Which of the following developments in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries most directly helps to explain the presence of the scholars shown in the image of China?

The Protestant Reformation led the Catholic Church to seek new converts outside of Europe.

2 May on the Mongols Secondary: Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade?

The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.

4 Annals of the Kaqchikels: Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"?

The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.

1 Madura Vijayam: A historian would most likely cite which of the following claims made in the second paragraph to demonstrate that Hindu teachings influenced the development of South Asian societies?

The absence of dharma has caused nobleness and character to disappear.

2 Factors in spread of Islam in southeast Asia: Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the period circa 1250-1500 C.E.?

The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries

2 May on the Mongols Secondary: The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia?

The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China

3 Ottoman Devshirme: The Ottoman Empire's recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450-1750?

The collection of tribute

4 Gunder Frank vs David Christian Secondary: Which of the following earlier developments contributed most directly to the importance of the Asian market during the early modern period as described by both passages?

The commercialization of the Chinese economy under the Song and Ming dynasties

3 Darwin on death of Tamerlane: Which of the following most strongly contributed to the shift of power from nomadic empires to settled states that Darwin identifies in the second paragraph?

The development and spread of gunpowder weapons across Eurasia

4 Christ the Mariner Image: The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?

The development of trading-post empires

3 Darwin on death of Tamerlane: Which of the following developments in the late fifteenth century could best be used as evidence to support Darwin's argument in the second paragraph regarding a change in patterns of long-distance trade?

The discovery of maritime routes that linked Europe and Asia through the Indian Ocean

4 Annals of the Kaqchikels: All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT:

The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

3 Darwin on death of Tamerlane: Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 could best be used as evidence to modify Darwin's argument in the first paragraph about the establishment of Eurasian empires on "nomadic foundations"?

The establishment of the Safavid Empire

2 Trans-Saharan Trade Secondary: Which of the following best explains a development in the trans-Saharan trade networks in the period 1200-1450 ?

The geographic range of the networks increased because of improved commercial practices.

4 Fumi-e Japanese Plate Image: The object shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments between 1450 and 1750 ?

The influence of European merchants and missionaries along Asian maritime trade routes

3 Christianity and increased activity across Eurasia: The activities of Inez de Leyria's father as described in the passage best support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450-1750 C.E.?

The intensification of commercial and diplomatic activity across Eurasia was accompanied by increased missionary activity.

2 Swahili History of Pate: The first paragraph most directly illustrates how increasing regional interactions led to which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean in the period 1200-1450?

The introduction of new cultural traditions

1 Madura Vijayam: Which of the following is a claim made by the petitioner in the third paragraph?

The king has the support of the gods in his efforts to drive Muslims out of Madurai.

4 Chardin Travels in Persia: Based on the passage, in which of the following ways were Safavid Persian trading practices similar to those of other land-based Islamic empires during the seventeenth century?

The participation of multiple ethnic and religious groups in interregional trade

4 Katip Celebi Ottoman Balance of Truth: Outside of the Ottoman Empire, Sufis contributed most directly to which of the following during the period before 1750?

The spread of Islam to new locations on the margins of the Muslim world, such as southeast Asia

3 Jewish Community in Spain: The attitude toward religious practice expressed in Source 2 was most directly apparent in which of the following Spanish policies in the Americas in the period circa 1500-1750 ?

The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations

2 Cropland in Eurasia Table: Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.

2 Cropland in Eurasia Table: Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East.

2 Cropland in Eurasia Table: Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

3 Continuity Ming to Qing, Confucian exam system: Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century?

The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices

4 Indian Ocean Trade Maps: A historian would most likely use Map 1 to research which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750?

The ways that European cartography drew on earlier knowledge from the Islamic world and merchant activity in the Mediterranean

4 Effect of Spanish Voyages: Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.

4 Early English and French Atlantic Voyages: Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

1 De Leon on Inca Roads: Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage?

They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.

3 Versailles and demonstration of power: Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?

To demonstrate their wealth and power

2 Authority of the griot and the epic of Sundiata: The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes?

To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past

4 Christ the Mariner Image: The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ?

Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

4 Indian Ocean Trade Maps: Which of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas

2 Illustration and study of maritime technology: The illustration would be most useful to a historian studying which of the following?

Transportation and maritime technologies

3 Jewish Community in Spain: The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history?

While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.

4 Golkonda Marriage: The particular event depicted in the painting was likely important to Golkonda rulers mostly because it

could be used as a symbol of the union between the state's ruling class and the majority of its population

1 Elkiss on Kilwa Secondary: The coexistence of rulers and councils of elders in African states in the period circa 1200-1450 best demonstrates

the influence of indigenous African political practices

1 Elkiss on Kilwa Secondary: The example of an ancient Arabian state that traded extensively and controlled territories on the East African coast can best be used as evidence of

the long-term continuities in state building in coastal East Africa

4 Gunder Frank vs David Christian Secondary: The two interpretations of economic history of the early modern period differ most strongly concerning

the relative importance of Europe in the global economy

2 Ibn Battuta and Islam's unifying influence: Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the

unifying influence of Islam

2 Swahili History of Pate: The third paragraph most directly illustrates the ways in which rulers in the Indian Ocean in the period before 1450...

used expanding trade networks to facilitate state development

4 Gunder Frank vs David Christian Secondary: Which of the following best explains Europe's ability to gain a greater share of global trade in the early modern period?

Adoption and improvement of maritime technologies by Europeans

3 Ottoman Devshirme: The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ?

Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority

3 Chardin Travels in Persia: Which of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500-1750 ?

Conflicts between the Shi'a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

4 Last Will of Anna de Trinidade Brazil: As described in the passage, Anna da Trindade's life differed from the typical experience of newly arrived slaves in colonial Latin America in that she was

able to purchase her freedom

4 Golkonda Marriage: Based on the location of the painting, it can be inferred that its primary purpose was to

bolster the legitimacy of the Golkonda dynasty by celebrating its past

4 Gunder Frank vs David Christian Secondary: The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by

increased European demand for luxury goods

3 Du Halde Jesuits in China: The spread of new cultural ideas, such as those illustrated by the religious beliefs of Xu Guangxi and Candida Xu, most strongly encouraged some Asian governments in Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 to

limit trade and other contacts with foreigners

2 Benefits of Mongol conquests for Silk Road trade: The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by

decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans

1 Islamic Science Image: Muslim scientists in the period before 1450 c.e. generally participated in intellectual and scholarly exchanges with neighboring cultures by

expanding upon the legacy of earlier scientific works by conducting their own research

1 Islamic Science Image: The sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, best shows that, in the period circa 1200-1450, scholarly activities in the Muslim world continued despite the

fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate

3 Luther on War against the Turks: A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church

had become corrupted by power

3 Luther on War against the Turks: A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that

political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

3 Luther on War against the Turks: A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to

reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

4 Gunder Frank vs David Christian Secondary: The main arguments of the two sources are most similar in their emphasis on the

significance of European access to precious metals from the Americas

3 Battle of Panipat Image: The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

the Aztec (Mexica) Empire