Semester 1 Exam AP CSP

Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

Emilee is watching an online video. The video is being sent to her laptop by a server over the Internet which splits the video into packets and sends them in the order they appear in the video. Which of the following is true about how the packets will arrive at her computer?

The packets may arrive out of order

Which of the following situations is most likely to cause issues arising from the digital divide?

A state makes voter registration forms available only by visiting a government website

Jesse purchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?

A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the Internet

Arman takes a picture with his smartphone which he subsequently posts online. Beatrice finds the picture online and posts a copy of it on her website with an attached Creative Commons license. Which of the following best describes who owns the photo?

Arman owns the photo because he was the original creator and did not license the work.

Which of the following Internet protocols is MOST important in reassembling packets and requesting missing packets to form complete messages?

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences?

Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation.

Two devices are connected to the Internet and communicating with one another. A squirrel chews through one of the wires in the network that is currently being used by the devices to communicate. The network immediately begins using a different path through the network and communication continues as normal.

fault-tolerance

Which of the following binary (base-2) numbers is LARGEST?

11000000

Your computer uses 4 bits to represent decimal numbers (0, 1, 2, 3 and so on) in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occur?

16

How many total numbers can be represented with an 8-bit binary (base-2) system?

256

This diagram shows a number of computing devices connected to the Internet with each line representing a direct connection. What is the MINIMUM number of paths that would need to be broken to prevent Computing Device A from connecting with Computing Device E?

3 (look at diagram on Assessment 2: Question 4)

Convert the binary (base-2) number 1001 to decimal (base-10)

9

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that builds the routers and wired connections that allow individuals to access the Internet. An ISP is considering adding additional redundant connections to its network. Which of the following best describes why the company would choose to do so?

Redundant networks are more reliable

Which of the following best describes how computing devices represent information?

A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1

Which of the following is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work.

Which of the following Internet protocols is used to request and send pages and files on the World Wide Web?

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of an IP address?

IP addresses provide a unique number for identifying devices that send and receive information on the Internet

This diagram shows a number of computing devices connected to the Internet with each line representing a direct connection. Device A is attempting to send data over the Internet to Device E. Which of the following is true of how the data will travel through the network?

It is possible that the data travels through any of the devices in the network before arriving at device E (Question 5 diagram)

Ryan is designing an app that needs to quickly send low quality photos between users. Most smartphones take much higher quality photos than Ryan needs for his app. Which answer best describes the type of compression Ryan should choose and why?

Lossy compression since it typically results in smaller data sizes

Which of the following is true of how packets are sent through the Internet?

Packet metadata is used to route and reassemble information travelling through the Internet

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an outcome of the digital divide?

People from some racial or ethnic groups have unequal access to computing technology.

Jorge is sending a large image file to a friend as part of a shared classroom project. Which of the following is most likely true if Jorge opts to compress the image before sending it?

The image will require fewer bits in order to be represented.

When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

Which of the following best describes the protocols used on the Internet?

The protocols of the Internet are open and used by all devices connected to the network

Which of the following is true of how the Internet has responded to the increasing number of devices now using the network?

The protocols of the Internet were designed to scale as new devices are added

Which of the following is true of how computers represent numbers?

With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.

computing system

a group of computers working together for a common purpose

computing network

a group of connected computers that can send or receive data

computing device

a machine that can run a program

path

a sequence of direct connections