Semester 1 Review/biology

Which statement is factual? A. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. B. Sexual reproduction allows for diploid gametes to combine to increase genetic variation C. Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of haploid gametes D. Sexual reproduction does not require the production of gametes

A. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

Which statement describes the ability of the cell membrane to allow various substances to move through it? A. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. B. The cell membrane is composed of lipids and phosphates. C. The cell membrane is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. D. The cell membrane is a bilayer structure.

A. The cell membrane is selectively permeable.

Which organism would be the best subject for a study of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. a green plant B. a chemosynthetic bacterium C. an animal that eats plants D. an animal that eats animals

A. a green plant

Which term describes a permanent change to a genetic sequence? A. mutation B. karyotype C. mutagen D. phenotype

A. mutation

Which statement explains how ATP and its phosphate groups are related to the energy that is used in plant processes? A. ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars. B. ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars. C. ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP, this process instantly releases energy for making sugars. D. ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, this process results from sugar production.

B. ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars.

The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person? A. a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building B. a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene. C. a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown. D. a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam

B. a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene.

In what ways are the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis similar? A. both require chemical energy to proceed B. both occur in the chloroplast C. both produce oxygen as a byproduct D. both involve carbon fixation

B. both occur in the chloroplast

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis? A. rest prior to cell division B. growth of cell and replication of DNA C. dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane D. division of cytoplasm

B. growth of cell and replication of DNA

The DNA sequence reads ACGTTCATT before a mutation occurs. After the mutation, the DNA sequence reads ATCGTTCATT. Which type of mutation occured? A. substitution B. insertion C. deletion D. point

B. insertion

Which best defines homeostasis? A. modifying the external environment B. maintaining a stable internal environment C. controlling what enters and exits the cell D. movement of materials into the cell

B. maintaining a stable internal environment

Which chromosomal defect is caused when part of a chromsome breaks off at either end and attaches to another chromosome? A. nondisjunction B. translocation C. deletion D. insertion

B. translocation

A DNA strand has the sequence GTTCCAGAG. Which is the complementary strand of RNA? A. CAAGGTCTC B. AGGTTCACA C. CAAGGUCUC D. TGGAACTCA

C. CAAGGUCUC

Which best describes the processes of mitosis and meiosis? A. Cells in mitosis go through the PMAT stages twice to produce diploid cells while cells in meiosis go through PMAT stages once to produce haploid cells. B. Cells in mitosis and meiosis go through the PMAT stages twice to produce haploid cells. C. Cells in mitosis go through the PMAT stages once to produce diploid cells while cells in meiosis go through PMAT stages twice to produce haploid cells. D. Cells in mitosis and meiosis go through the PMAT stages once to produce diploid cells.

C. Cells in mitosis go through the PMAT stages once to produce diploid cells while cells in meiosis go through PMAT stages twice to produce haploid cells.

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis? A. RNA instructs DNA to make proteins B. DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules C. RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis D. DNA makes proteins in the nucleus

C. RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and create genetically unique reproductive cells. Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase 1, but not during prophase 2? A. fertilization B. independent assortment C. crossing over D. chromosome replication

C. crossing over

Which best describes a centromere? A. sister chromsomes that are held together by a chromatid B. paired chromosomes that have genes arranged in the same order C. the part of a chromosome that joins the sister chromatids D. the material that makes up a chromosome

C. the part of a chromosome that joins the sister chromatids

Which describes something that occurs during translation? A. A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand B. A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand C. A tRNA template is used to create a mRNA strand D. An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain

D. An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain

Which is a frameshift mutation? A. substitution B. nonsense C. silent D. deletion

D. deletion

During which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced? A. Kreb's Cycle B. glycolysis C. photosynthesis D. electron transport chain

D. electron transport chain

Which process is similar to binary fission? A. genetic variation B. crossing over C. meiosis D. mitosis

D. mitosis

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis? A. mitochondria B. cytoplasm C. nucleus D. ribosomes

D. ribosomes

Which is a purpose for which a pedigree chart might be prepared? A. to determine the gender of a fetus B. to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes C. to identify chromosomal defects D. to identify the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait

D. to identify the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait

Why is osmosis important to the survival of a cell?

It controls water in and out the cell so it don't shrink or bust.

What does it mean if a molecule is moved against the concentration gradient?

Moving from low to high

In active transport, molecules are moved across the cell membrane with the help of_______________.

proteins