Semester 2 AP Euro Exam
The British experience of war differed from that of France and the Soviet Union, because both of these nations suffered __________. food shortages great loss of life Nazi occupation damage to infrastructure
Nazi occupation
The German invasion of ________ was the immediate cause of World War II. the Soviet Union France Poland Czechoslovakia
Poland
The Holocaust claimed the greatest number of victims from ________. Hungary Yugoslavia Poland Lithuania
Poland
The Atlantic Charter can be seen as a continuation of the spirit of ________. Potsdam Munich Versailles Locarno
Versailles
Residents of ________ paid with their lives for counting on Russia to liberate their city before turning south to the Balkans. Warsaw Dresden Hamburg Danzig
Warsaw
What historical evidence best supports James Giblin's argument that Hitler's military successes were based most clearly on the French and British aversion to war? (A) Nazi activities confined within Austria (B) European concerns over the rise of Fascism in Italy (C) European distrust for the Soviet Union (D) His tactics of gradual encroachment followed by peace
(A) Nazi activities confined within Austria
6. Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi ________. A. conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic B. used secret diplomacy to further their political ambitions C. helped to restore the kingdom of Piedmont as a buffer between France and Austria D. were the driving forces behind the Congress of Vienna
A. conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic
13. The Second Industrial Revolution was associated with ________. A. textiles, plastics, and railroads B. steel, chemicals, and electricity C. steam, iron, and electricity D. iron, chemicals, and railroads
B. steel, chemicals, and electricity
Based on the argument in the above excerpt, European reaction to Hitler's activities is best described as a policy of (A) intervention through diplomatic channels (B) toleration and pacifism (C) limited military responses (D) imposing economic sanctions
(B) toleration and pacifism
The League of Nations' ineffectiveness against Hitler, as portrayed in the passage above, was most clearly the result of which of the following? (A) Structural issues limiting resolution enforcement (B) Historical affinities and alliances among European states (C) A lack of global representation within the organiza(D) The inability to negotiate treaties
(C) A lack of global representation within the organization
Support for Hitler was particularly strong among groups such as ________. A. farmers, war veterans, and the young B. merchants, politicians, and the elderly C. the aristocracy, Calvinists, and the military D. conservatives, the Roman Catholic Church, and the middle class
A. farmers, war veterans, and the young
5. Darwin's Descent of Man ________. A. contended that neither the origin of humans nor human character required the existence of a god B. was a confirmation that human origins derived from an omniscient god C. gave scientific support to the notion that biology was the basis of social success D. gave scientific support to the notion that Europeans were biologically superior to other humans pg. 584
A. contended that neither the origin of humans nor human character required the existence of a god
7. By 1910, which European city had the highest population? A. Berlin B. London C. Paris D. Vienna pg. 551
B. London
Start of Chapter 20 1. The League of Nations condemned the Japanese use of force against Manchuria and ________. A. did nothing else of substance B. forced Japan to withdraw from the League C. forced Japan to relinquish control of Manchuria D. assembled an expeditionary force to confront the Japanese pg. 745
A. did nothing else of substance
18. Sigmund Freud was unusual in paying close attention to _________. A. dreams B. religion C. mental states D. psychoses
A. dreams
12. Missionaries were most active in providing ________ to non-Westerners. A. education B. economic development C. health care D. community development
A. education
10. Anti-Semitism was strongest under ________ rule in the late 1800s. A. French B. Russian C. Polish D. British
B. Russian
11. Mainly due to the British forces, by October 30, 1918, ________ was out of the war. A. Palestine B. Turkey C. Iraq D. Iran pg. 692
B. Turkey
10. The civil war between the Red Russians and White Russians ended in ________. A. 1921, when the Red Army finally overcame the domestic opposition B. March 1918, with the acceptance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk C. December 1917, when Russia signed an armistice with Germany D. 1921, when the Red Russians conceded defeat and signed a peace treaty with the White Russians pg. 689
A. 1921, when the Red Army finally overcame the domestic opposition
6. Who did Napoleon III appoint to redesign Paris, with a partial goal of widening the streets to make for an easier response to insurrections? A. Baron Georges Haussmann B. Edwin Chadwick C. Louis René D. Pierre-Charles L'Enfant pg. 550
A. Baron Georges Haussmann
13. Why did British economic thinkers advocate abandoning closed imperial systems in favor of free trade? A. Britain's manufacturing capacity exceeded demands of the population. B. Britain's manufacturing economy was dependent on foreign raw materials. C. Britain wanted more favorable trade agreements for its import of raw materials. D. Britain wanted to decrease its manufacturing costs.
A. Britain's manufacturing capacity exceeded demands of the population.
17. By 1914, which of the following was true? A. British colonization touched North, South, East, and West Africa. B. The Portuguese dominated Madagascar. C. American colonization was dominant in southern Africa. D. No foreign powers had direct access to the Nile River. Africa
A. British colonization touched North, South, East, and West Africa.
How did the Spanish Civil War affect world politics? A It brought Germany and Italy closer together. B It ended the policy of appeasement. C It brought France and Spain closer together. D It resulted in an international ban on the sale of weapons to fascist regimes. pg. 746
A It brought Germany and Italy closer together.
Which of the following statements about French resistance during World War II is correct? A Only after an Allied victory seemed possible did a large-scale, active resistance movement emerge in France. B The Nazis crushed a movement to resist the German occupation of France in 1940. C The Roman Catholic Church encouraged the development of a French resistance movement. D In France, General Charles de Gaulle helped form the largest resistance group.
A Only after an Allied victory seemed possible did a large-scale, active resistance movement emerge in France.
3. The Ottoman Empire's constitution of 1876 ________. A. called for a parliament B. limited the powers of the sultan C. was a first step toward democracy D. called for a chamber of deputies appointed by the sultan
A. called for a parliament
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.... All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere.... The safety of the world...requires a unity in Europe....Surely we should work... within the structure of the United Nations.... In a great number of countries...Communist fifth columns are established and work in...absolute obedience to the directions they receive from the Communist center.... The Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization.... The agreement which was made at Yalta...was extremely favorable to Soviet Russia.... But what we have to consider here today while time remains is...the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy...in all countries. Our difficulties and dangers...will not be removed by a policy of appeasement." Winston Churchill, "Iron Curtain Speech," Westminster College. Fulton, MO, March 5, 1946. The concerns expressed by Churchill in the excerpt above were a response to which of the following historical events? A. Countries in Eastern Europe came under the military, political, and economic domination of the Soviet Union. B. American and British industrial, scientific, and technological power and the all-out military commitment of the Soviet Union were crucial to the Allied victory in World War II. C. British fears of another war, American isolationism, and deep distrust between democratic states and the Soviet Union allowed fascist states to expand their territories. D. The newly created United Nations fostered international cooperation.
A. Countries in Eastern Europe came under the military, political, and economic domination of the Soviet Union
Which successor state avoided a self-imposed authoritarian government? A. Czechoslovakia B. Poland C. Austria D. Germany pg. 736
A. Czechoslovakia
"The Rhodes Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo." Caricature of Cecil John Rhodes in Punch magazine, December 10, 1892. Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the criticism of British policy represented in the cartoon above? A. Encounters with non-Europeans sparked debate over the acquisition of colonies. B. The exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases facilitated the destruction of indigenous peoples. C. Increased immigration into Europe altered religious makeup and sparked debates over the role of religion. D. Realist themes influenced art as painters drew attention to social problems.
A. Encounters with non-Europeans sparked debate over the acquisition of colonies.
6. Laos and Cambodia became protectorates of ________ in the 1880s and 1890s. A. France B. the United States C. China D. Japan pg. 642
A. France
16. Mandates established in the former Ottoman Empire were administered by ________. A. France and Britain B. Italy and Britain C. Russia, France, and Britain D. the United States, France, and Britain pg. 692
A. France and Britain
4. According to the Schlieffen Plan of 1905, which of the following was supposed to happen? A. German troops would move west quickly to defeat France and then move to the eastern front. B. French troops would move to conquer German troops and then move east to assist the Russians. C. German troops would move east to defeat France and then move to the Russian front. D. French troops would move to conquer German troops and then move west to assist the Russians. pg. 680
A. German troops would move west quickly to defeat France and then move to the eastern front.
3. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, ________. A. Germany claimed a new role on the world stage B. Russia was permitted to occupy Constantinople C. Bosnia-Herzegovina became an independent state D. the Ottoman Empire was dismembered
A. Germany claimed a new role on the world stage
17. What motivated Russia and France to form an alliance? A. Germany had been too successful in isolating both countries diplomatically. B. Russia wanted to strengthen its political power so it could attack Germany, and France wanted to weaken Germany's influence so it could form alliances with other countries. C. Russia wanted the troops France could supply, and France wanted the security against Germany Russia could provide. D. Each country feared the other would form an alliance with Germany.
A. Germany had been too successful in isolating both countries diplomatically.
Chapter 18 - Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace 1. The Triple Alliance forged by Bismarck consisted of ________. A. Germany, Austria, and Italy B. Germany, France, and Britain C. Italy, Germany, and Spain D. Austria, Germany, and Poland
A. Germany, Austria, and Italy
3. The first major public power plant in Europe was constructed in ________. A. Great Britain B. Belgium C. France D. Germany pg. 545
A. Great Britain
21. Ireland played the same role in British politics that ________did in Habsburg politics. A. Hungary B. Austria C. Prussia D. Poland
A. Hungary
"In every large works...the following rules shall be strictly observed.... (1) The normal working day begins at all seasons at 6 a.m. precisely and ends...at 7 p.m.... Workers arriving 2 minutes late shall lose half an hour's wages.... (3) No workman, whether employed by time or piece, may leave before the end of the working day, without having first received permission from the overseer.... (7) All conversation with fellow-workers is prohibited.... (10) Natural functions must be performed at the appropriate places, and whoever is found soiling walls, fences, squares, etc...shall be fined.... (12) It goes without saying that all overseers and officials of the firm shall be obeyed without question, and shall be treated with due deference. Disobedience will be punished by dismissal. (13) Immediate dismissal shall also be the fate of anyone found drunk in any of the workshops.... (15) Every workman is obliged to report to his superiors any acts of dishonesty or embezzlement on the part of his fellow workmen." Factory Rules at the Foundry and Engineering Works of the Royal Overseas Trading Company in Berlin, 1844 The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed to the conditions that fostered what subsequent event? A. Industrialization in Prussia allowed that state to become the leader of a unified Germany. B. Industrialization promoted population growth and lowered infant mortality. C. Economic motivations for marriage diminished as the notion of companionate marriage was adopted by the working classes. D. Leisure time centered increasingly on the family or small groups.
A. Industrialization in Prussia allowed that state to become the leader of a unified Germany.
8. Which of these ruled the French Second Empire? A. Napoleon III B. Napoleon Bonaparte C. Louis XVIII D. Adolphe Thiers
A. Napoleon III
"The policy of colonial expansion is a political and economic system...that can be connected to three sets of ideas: economic ideas; the most far-reaching ideas of civilization; and ideas of a political and patriotic sort. In the area of economics, I am placing before you...the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more urgently by the industrialized population of Europe and especially the people of...France: the need for outlets [that is, for exports].... We must say openly...the higher races have a right over the lower races.... I repeat, that the superior races...have the duty to civilize the inferior races...." Jules Ferry, Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1884 Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the process that Ferry advocated for in this excerpt? A. Non-Europeans began to challenge European imperialism through nationalist movements. B. Imperialism generated wars among rival European nations. C. Europeans justified imperialism through an ideology of cultural and racial superiority. D. The League of Nations distributed former German and Ottoman possessions to France and Great Britain through the mandate system.
A. Non-Europeans began to challenge European imperialism through nationalist movements.
The 1936 Popular Front government of France consisted of an alliance of which of the following political parties? A. Socialists, Radicals, and Communists B. Radicals, Communists, and Fascists C. Liberals, Anarchists, and Communists D. Socialists, Nazis, and Communists
A. Socialists, Radicals, and Communists
"The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians... By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... Since it is not permitted to do harm in your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries - how much less to China! Of all that China exports to foreign countries, there is not a single thing which is not beneficial to people... Now we have set up regulations governing the Chinese people. He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also the death penalty... [I]n the new regulations, in regard to the barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid of a harmful thing on behalf of mankind..." —Letter from Lin Tse-hsu (Chinese official) to Queen Victoria of England, 1839 What was the British response to this request by the Chinese government? A. The British instigated a war using free trade as the justification. B. The British abandoned the opium trade in order to preserve access to Chinese markets. C. The British negotiated a trade agreement that allowed limited opium trade in the port of Canton. D. The British elected to leave the Chinese market entirely and turned their attention in India.
A. The British instigated a war using free trade as the justification.
21. Why did the Bolsheviks oppose World War I? A. They believed it benefited only capitalism. B. They considered it an obstacle to their revolutionary ambitions. C. They considered military aggression antithetical to socialist beliefs. D. They feared a Germany victory.
A. They believed it benefited only capitalism.
"[May 1]...[N]ever...has a war been incited so shamelessly...as the one that Bismarck is currently trying to start against Austria.... Austria is supposed to be mobilizing against Prussia! Any child knows that the opposite is the case.... We...must come down on the side of the unjust cause, because we cannot tolerate the possibility of Austria gaining the upper hand in Germany. [August 19] ...[W]hat enviable luck...to have seen this turning-point in German history.... For years I have envied the Italians that they succeeded.... I have wished for a German Cavour and Garibaldi as Germany's political messiah.... I bow before the genius of Bismarck, who has achieved a masterpiece of political planning and action...how precisely he knew and used all the ways and means—his king, Napoleon, his army, the administration, Austria and her forces." Rudolf von Ihering, a liberal German politician, two Letters on Otto von Bismarck's policy of war with Austria, 1866 What made Bismarck's actions most similar to Cavour's, thus providing evidence to support the comparison made by von Ihering? A. They both used Realpolitik strategies, co-opting nationalist agendas to create a unified state. B. They both attempted to destabilize the balance of power. C. They both employed industrialized warfare and weaponry to unify their country. D. They were both conservatives who attempted to strengthen adherence to religious authorities.
A. They both used Realpolitik strategies, co-opting nationalist agendas to create a unified state.
1. Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War? A. They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests. B. They feared losing control of holy places in Palestine. C. They supported the Ottoman Empire's reasons for going to war. D. They feared Russia's expansion plans would eventually reach their lands.
A. They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests.
22. Botanists played a profound role in which of the following imperial ventures? A. They transformed local crop production to serve the needs of the empires' home countries. B. They served as spokesmen for the idea that empires helped bring progress. C. They introduced Asian crops into Europe, replacing the crops of the 1700s. D. They collected exotic species of the non- Western world and exhibited them to domestic audiences.
A. They transformed local crop production to serve the needs of the empires' home countries.
How did Marxists view the economic downturn that became known as the Great Depression? A. They welcomed it because they believed it signaled the imminent downfall of capitalism. B. They resented it because they believed it would thwart their plans to spread socialism throughout the world. C. They feared it because they believed it would make the masses reject their labor initiatives. D. They used it to manipulate public opinion and accelerate the spread of socialism around the world.
A. They welcomed it because they believed it signaled the imminent downfall of capitalism.
20. In What Is to Be Done?, Vladimir Lenin argued for implementation of ________. A. a modified version of Marx's socialist revolution B. classic Marxist policies C. a democratic approach to the socialist agenda D. violent revolution led by the proletariat pg. 572-573
A. a modified version of Marx's socialist revolution
19. In A Room of One's Own, the "room" of the title symbolized _________. A. a place for creative expression B. financial independence C. a university education D. the life of single women pg. 611
A. a place for creative expression
16. Britain ________ from its rule of India. A. benefited economically B. never benefited economically C. suffered great losses D. failed to recoup its investments
A. benefited economically
13. Auguste Comte's works were influential because they ________. A. helped convince learned Europeans that all knowledge must resemble scientific knowledge B. were the first works to provide evidence that nature evolved independently of a supernatural force C. challenged Darwin's theory of natural selection D. provided scientific evidence disputing the biblical story of Creation pg. 582
A. helped convince learned Europeans that all knowledge must resemble scientific knowledge
8. In his Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, Count Arthur de Gobineau ________. A. portrayed Western troubles as springing from racial mixing B. claimed Western troubles were the result of resistance to intermarriage C. railed against the racism that had long existed in European culture D. blamed the black race for what he called "contrary discrimination" pg. 603
A. portrayed Western troubles as springing from racial mixing
20. Which of these was used by Russia to justify its expansion in the Transcaucasus? A. protection of fellow Christians B. protection of Jews in the region C. protection of oppressed minorities suffering under Turkish rule D. the weak state of the Ottoman Empire pg. 641
A. protection of fellow Christians
11. Most social scientists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century ________. A. reinforced traditional gender roles B. supported wider sexual freedoms for women C. embraced some, but not all, feminist ideas about gender roles D. began to take a more liberal view of marriage, family, and child rearing
A. reinforced traditional gender roles
Between 1928 and 1940, Soviet industrial production ________. A. rose dramatically B. declined slightly C. rose gradually D. remained stagnant pg. 712
A. rose dramatically
The 1935 Nuremberg laws ________. A. stripped German Jews of their citizenship B. established a police state in Germany C. were modeled after the Soviet New Economic Policy D. nationalized all banks and factories pg. 730
A. stripped German Jews of their citizenship
What minority looked to Hitler to resolve their nationalist ambitions? A. the Germans of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia B. the Ukrainians in Czechoslovakia C. the Poles in Czechoslovakia D. the Ukrainians in Poland of the Successor States in Eastern Europe
A. the Germans of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
5. Colonel T. E. Lawrence played a key role in the war in ________. A. the Middle East B. France C. West Africa D. Greece pg. 684
A. the Middle East
12. The peace treaty signed in Paris in 1920 between Turkey and the Allies dismembered ________. A. the Ottoman Empire B. the Byzantine Empire C. the Austro-Hungarian Empire D. Italy
A. the Ottoman Empire
"Great Britain will guarantee the Holy Places against all external aggression and will recognize their inviolability...On the other hand, it is understood that the Arabs have decided to seek the advice and guidance of Great Britain only, and that such European advisors and officials as may be required for the formation of a sound form of administrations will be British." —Sir Henry McMahon, Letter to Ali Ibn Husain, 1915 The focus of this suggestion of an agreement between the British and Arabs during World War I was focused on one of Britain's main enemies at that time, A. the Ottoman Empire. B. France. C. Germany. D. Syria.
A. the Ottoman Empire.
19. The Europeans' power attempt to maximize their strategic control of African territory, markets, and raw materials was known as ________. A. the Scramble for Africa B. the Amazing Race C. Realpolitik D. Machiavellianism
A. the Scramble for Africa
14. The Big Four were ________. A. the United States, Britain, France, and Italy B. the United States, Britain, Germany, and Japan C. the United States, Russia, France, and Germany D. the United States, Japan, France, and Italy pg. 693
A. the United States, Britain, France, and Italy
The Lateran Accord of 1929 established that ________. A. the pope was ruler of the independent Vatican City B. the government would be forgiven its confiscation of papal lands C. Catholicism was one of multiple recognized religions in Italy D. the church laws on marriage would be eclipsed by government law pg. 720
A. the pope was ruler of the independent Vatican City
The Wall Street crash of October 1929 was the result of ________. A. virtually unregulated financial speculation B. many incidents of insider trading C. U.S. government corruption in the stock market D. a technical error in the transmission of stock prices
A. virtually unregulated financial speculation
The majority of the founding members of the Fasci di Combattimento were ________. A. war veterans B. government workers C. members of the Socialist Party D. members of the Communist Party pg. 717
A. war veterans
The Battle of the Bulge ________. A. was Germany's last major offensive on the western front B. marked the Allied invasion of Europe C. was a victory for the Soviet Union D. was the Allies' greatest victory of the war pg. 764
A. was Germany's last major offensive on the western front
15. In the peace talks that ended World War I, Germany ________. A. was forced to accept terms dictated by the victors B. negotiated a few minor concessions C. negotiated several major concessions D. retained the right to station troops west of the Rhine River pg. 696
A. was forced to accept terms dictated by the victors
17. The International Working Men's Association, known as the First International, ________. A. was short-lived but had a profound impact on socialist efforts in Europe B. was short-lived and had no impact on socialist efforts in Europe C. remained a powerful entity through much of the twentieth century D. cast an unfavorable light on Marxism pg. 568
A. was short-lived but had a profound impact on socialist efforts in Europe
11. Count Sergei Witte ________. A. worked to industrialize Russia B. was part of the landed aristocracy of Russia that opposed industrialization C. was unpopular with the tsar D. was an early Bolshevik pg. 571
A. worked to industrialize Russia
17. Which of these regions of Europe had lower literacy rates in the late 1800s? A. western and northern B. southern and eastern C. northern and eastern D. southern and western
B. southern and eastern
The first power to mobilize against Russia in 1914 was
Austria
16. Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by ________. A. denying Austrian claims at the Convention of Gastein B. defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks' War C. encouraging and succeeding in an Italian defeat of Austria D. gaining European-wide support for its policies
B
20. Gladstone's ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the culmination of ________. A. staunch conservatism B. classical British liberalism C. radical socialism D. renowned republicanism
B
3. In a secret agreement, signed in August 1939, the nations of ________ agreed to divide Poland between themselves. A Germany and France B the Soviet Union and Germany C France and Italy D Hungary and the Soviet Union
B the Soviet Union and Germany
10. The first transatlantic submarine cable was laid in ________. A. 1850 B. 1866 C. 1872 D. 1900 pg. 646
B. 1866
22. The Germans controlled Eastern Europe and its resources, especially food, and by 1918 were free to concentrate their forces on the western front. These developments would probably have been decisive without ________. A. the Italian allies' support B. American intervention C. British invasion in northern France D. widespread mutinies in the German ranks
B. American intervention
10. The leader of Ireland's movement for home rule in the late 1800s was ________. A. William Gladstone B. Charles Stewart Parnell C. Benjamin Disraeli D. Ketih O'Connell
B. Charles Stewart Parnell
"The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians... By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... Since it is not permitted to do harm in your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries - how much less to China! Of all that China exports to foreign countries, there is not a single thing which is not beneficial to people... Now we have set up regulations governing the Chinese people. He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also the death penalty... [I]n the new regulations, in regard to the barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid of a harmful thing on behalf of mankind..." —Letter from Lin Tse-hsu (Chinese official) to Queen Victoria of England, 1839 What nineteenth century liberal idea about free trade was challenged by this disagreement with China? A. Tariffs on trade were the best way to secure a nation's economic interests. B. Free trade led to peaceful relationships with other countries. C. Opening foreign markets in East Asia would prove to be an impossible task for European nations. D. Rising nations like the United States would not be able to challenge European trade interests in Asia.
B. Free trade led to peaceful relationships with other countries.
23. The most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914 was ________. A. the leadership of Bismarck B. German unification C. Russian defeat in the Crimean War D. Italy's alliance with Prussia against Austria
B. German unification
15. Progress in Europe that enabled married women to own property came first in ________. A. France B. Great Britain C. Germany D. Switzerland
B. Great Britain
18. Which of the following groups would have supported the Ausgleich of 1867? A. Czechs B. Hungarians C. Romanians D. Croatians
B. Hungarians
15. In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for ________. A. Italy's formal recognition of Prussia as an independent nation-state B. Italy's alliance with Prussia in the Austro- Prussian War C. Italy's military aid to the Prussians in the Crimean War D. recognition of papal authority in central Italy
B. Italy's alliance with Prussia in the Austro- Prussian War
5. Which country annexed Korea in 1910? A. China B. Japan C. Britain D. the United States pg. 623
B. Japan
4. The man generally accepted as the father of popular science fiction was ________. A. H. G. Wells B. Jules Verne C. Jonathan Swift D. Sir Thomas More pg. 583
B. Jules Verne
What was the Atlantic Charter? A. a broad set of principles modeled after the Fourteen Points that established the framework for the United Nations B. a broad set of principles modeled after the Fourteen Points that specified the type of peace Great Britain and the United States sought C. an agreement between Great Britain and the United States that the United States would enter the war D. an agreement between Great Britain and the United States that they would ask the Soviet Union to form a military alliance with them pg. 780-781
B. a broad set of principles modeled after the Fourteen Points that specified the type of peace Great Britain and the United States sought
2. Who were the Young Turks? A. a group of reformist officers who wanted to preserve the Ottoman Empire's traditions B. a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire C. young members of the Ottoman Empire's army who were training to become military officers D. an elite group of military officers who conducted covert surveillance against radicals
B. a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire
16. One of the two major developments affecting the economic lives of women during the Second Industrial Revolution was _______. A. the influx of many women to the workforce B. a large expansion in the variety of available jobs C. a glut of women who were qualified to be schoolteachers D. a reduction in wages paid to men
B. a large expansion in the variety of available jobs
8. The Open Door Policy ________. A. was strongly supported by Russia B. allowed all nations to trade in China on equal terms C. divided China into sections, opening trade to the United States and U.S. allies D. allowed China to control its own trade pg. 643
B. allowed all nations to trade in China on equal terms
Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany ________. A. after a brief, but bloody, revolution B. by legal means C. after a campaign of selective assassination D. after a heated lawsuit
B. by legal means
9. Theodor Herzl ________. A. believed that liberal politics could protect Jews in Europe B. called for a separate Jewish state in which Jewish rights and liberties would be protected C. called for reforms to benefit Jews living in ghettos D. believed that Jews did not deserve an assurance of rights and liberties without initiating a move toward a new Jewish state pg. 606
B. called for a separate Jewish state in which Jewish rights and liberties would be protected
25. The German strategy of fomenting trouble in Russia by returning Lenin from exile can be considered ________. A. partially successful B. entirely successful C. a complete failure D. a partial failure
B. entirely successful
Germany's struggle for economic security resulted in the ________. A. Great Depression B. establishment of the Nazi dictatorship C. establishment of the Weimar regime D. rise of socialism in Germany
B. establishment of the Nazi dictatorship
6. Friedrich Nietzsche portrayed Christianity as a religion that ________. A. glorified the strength that life required B. glorified human weaknesses C. demanded heroic living D. superseded in glory the demands of war pg. 588
B. glorified human weaknesses
14. Middle-class reformers targeted which of the following issues as an impediment to a healthy and politically stable population? A. working conditions B. housing conditions C. the large lower class D. political rights
B. housing conditions
19. Bismarck attempted to persuade German workers to oppose socialism by ________. A. creating the German Social Democratic Party B. implementing programs that offered a paternalistic alternative to socialism C. allowing antisocialism laws to expire D. using scare tactics to predict abysmal conditions resulting from the end of capitalism pg. 570
B. implementing programs that offered a paternalistic alternative to socialism
9. What technological innovation helped Britain win the first Opium War against China? A. quinine B. iron steamboat C. machine gun D. gunpowder pg. 645
B. iron steamboat
23. Which of the following eventually brought about the end of the Ottoman Empire? A. its neutrality at the outbreak of World War I B. its decision to enter the war on the side of Germany in 1914 C. its decision to enter the war on the side of the Allies in 1914 D. its refusal to participate in the peace settlement in Paris
B. its decision to enter the war on the side of Germany in 1914
5. Which of the following was considered a white- collar worker? A. librarian B. lower-level government bureaucrat C. schoolteacher D. shopkeeper pg. 546
B. lower-level government bureaucrat
American investment capital that had been pouring into Europe began to decline by 1928 as a result of ________. A. the Wall Street crash in October 1929 B. money being diverted into the booming New York stock market C. public outrage in America over France's occupation of the Ruhr mining and manufacturing district D. a loss of faith in Europe's economy by American investors
B. money being diverted into the booming New York stock market
A mixed economy is ________. A. based on a mixture of light industry, heavy industry, and agriculture B. one in which economic decisions are made by the government, business, and labor C. a combination of government-controlled businesses and free enterprises D. one with no dominant industry
B. one in which economic decisions are made by the government, business, and labor
9. The name given to the practice by Russian police and right-wing groups of conducting riots against the Jews was ________. A. diaspora B. pogrom C. ghettos D. anti-Semitism pg. 564
B. pogrom
4. When a European power placed one of its officials in a foreign government to remotely control that government a _________ was created. A. sphere of influence B. protectorate C. annexed state D. territorial division pg. 623
B. protectorate
7. The Paris Commune was composed of ________. A. genuine proletarians B. radicals and socialists C. strict communists D. socialists and anarchists
B. radicals and socialists
10. T. H. Huxley claimed to have found ________. A. scientific proof of female superiority B. scientific proof of female inferiority C. scientific proof of equality between men and women D. biological evidence of original sin
B. scientific proof of female inferiority
14. Which element of nineteenth-century European order was destroyed by the Crimean War? A. the split between Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics B. the Concert of Europe C. multinational empires D. the myth of Prussian invincibility
B. the Concert of Europe
3. India was formally ruled by which of the following until 1857? A. small local rulers of independent states B. the Mughal emperor C. the East India Company D. the British crown pg. 620
B. the Mughal emperor
12. What was a key contributory factor to the migration of Europeans in the 1800s? A. better transportation systems outside of Europe B. the emancipation of peasants C. the increased cost of land in Europe D. lower wages in Europe than elsewhere
B. the emancipation of peasants
6. The British introduced the use of ________ in World War I. A. poison gas B. the tank C. trench warfare D. submarine warfare pg. 679
B. the tank
11. What was "gunboat diplomacy"? A. iron warships that used force to conquer areas and allow access by European merchants B. the use of warships to ensure cooperation of local rulers with European imperialists C. negotiations between European merchants and local rulers that took place on warships D. naval fleets of European powers that engaged in warfare with other European powers pg. 645
B. the use of warships to ensure cooperation of local rulers with European imperialists
7. In France, the French Catholic Church and the Third French Republic ________. A. agreed to replace religious instruction with civic training B. were formally separated in 1905 C. worked together to improve the education system D. were, essentially, one institution pg. 589
B. were formally separated in 1905
During the ________ the Russians lost more men than the Americans lost in combat during the entire war. Battle of the Bulge Battle of Moscow Battle of Normandy Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
19. The Russian government responded to radical revolutionary groups that emerged in the late 1800s by ________. A. meeting with them to hear their concerns B. making limited concessions C. increasing repression D. introducing liberal reforms
C
The key reason why the Western powers adopted a policy of appeasement was their ________. A fear of Germany's growing military power B regret over harsh terms of peace settlement C fear of another general war D concern that Germany's goals were unreasonable
C fear of another general war
Blitzkrieg means ________. A war propaganda, which is how Hitler hoped to win B air war, which is how the Allies hoped to win C lightening warfare, which is how Hitler hoped to win D trench warfare, which is how the Allies hoped to win
C lightening warfare, which is how Hitler hoped to win
2. The term Anschluss refers to the ________. A German invasion of Poland B alliance of Germany, Japan, and Italy C union of Germany with Austria following the 1938 German invasion D shared tradition of anti-Semitism in Austria and Germany pg. 748
C union of Germany with Austria following the 1938 German invasion
5. The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by ________. A. 1850 B. 1855 C. 1860 D. 1865
C. 1860
Start of Chapter 17 2. The period historians call the New Imperialism began in the ________. A. 1645s B. 1840s C. 1870s D. 1910s pg. 615
C. 1870s
Excerpt from "The Doctrin of Fascism," an essay attributed to Benito Mussolini, 1931 Fascism attacks the whole complex of democratic ideologies and rejects them both in their theoretical premises and in their applications or practical manifestations. fascism denies that the majority, through the mere fact of being a majority, can rule human societies; it denies that this majority can govern by means of a periodical consultation; it affirms the irremediable, fruitful and beneficent inequality of men, who cannot be leveled by such a mechanical and extrinsic fact as universal suffrage. By democratic regimes we mean those in which from time to time the people is given the illusion of being sovereign, while true effective sovereignty lies in other, perhaps irresponsible and secret forces. If it is admitted that the nineteenth century has been the century of Socialism, Liberalism and Democracy, it does not follow that the twentieth must also be the century of Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy. Political doctrines pass; peoples remain. It is to be expected that this century may be that of authority, a century of the "Right," a Fascist century. If the nineteenth was the century of the individual it may be expected that this one may be the century of "collectivism" and therefore the century of the State. The keystone of Fascist doctrine is the conception of the State, of its essence of its task, of its ends. For Fascism the State is an absolute before which individuals and groups are relative. According to this piece, Fascism can best be described as A. A source of hope following the end of WWII B. An excess of nationalism in period leading up to WWI C. Bitterness stemming from the disillusions of WWI D. Optimism after the Russian Revolution
C. Bitterness stemming from the disillusions of WWI
18. Which of the following territories was remained an independent nation in 1914? A. Algeria B. Libya C. Ethiopia D. Tunisia
C. Ethiopia
7. The second Moroccan crisis brought Britain closer to ________. A. Belgium B. Russia C. France D. Italy
C. France
"There is considerable debate among historians as to Bismarck's ultimate motivations in establishing a united German empire. Some suggest that he always remained at heart a Junker and a Prussian patriot who simply concluded that, if German unification was inevitable, it was best that the Prussian kingdom play the central role and ensure the creation of a conservative empire. Having presided over unification, Bismarck, as imperial chancellor, was determined to forge an imperial national identity. If the Second Reich was to be internally cohesive, he believed, Germans would have to subordinate their regional, political and religious loyalties to a new national allegiance. During these same years, Bismarck devoted considerable energies to diplomatic affairs, with the intention of establishing a peaceful European order in which the greatest threats, in Bismarck's estimation, came from a vengeful France and from the potentially volatile Balkan, where Austria and Russian interests might well collide as the decaying Ottoman Empire declined further." —Jonathan S. Perry, Lives and Legacies - Biographies in Western Civilization, Vol. 2, "The Age of Nationalism - Otto von Bismarck" Why would France be seeking revenge against Bismarck and Germany? A. France lost an important iron-producing colony in central Africa to Germany. B. Germany allied with Britain in the Crimean War against France, leading to a French loss. C. France lost the Franco-Prussian war and had paid a large war indemnity as a result. D. Germany seized several French ports and the fleets in order to expand German naval presence.
C. France lost the Franco-Prussian war and had paid a large war indemnity as a result.
24. Which of the following statements about Napoleon III is true? A. Napoleon III was killed in the Battle of Sedan. B. Napoleon III was victorious at the Battle of Sedan. C. Napoleon III died in exile in 1873. D. Napoleon III was considered the greatest of all European leaders of the nineteenth century.
C. Napoleon III died in exile in 1873.
9. Following the January Insurrection of 1863, ________ was treated as merely another Russian province. A. Finland B. Lithuania C. Poland D. Latvia
C. Poland
25. Which best describes the ultimate outcome of the Russian wars of conquest in Asia? A. They brought about a vast expansion of Russian wealth and influence in Europe. B. They ended with the defeat of Chinese and British client states. C. They resulted in Russian rivalry with Britain. D. They ended with Persia and the Ottoman Empire in strong positions on Russia's flanks.
C. They resulted in Russian rivalry with Britain.
8. Who was Rasputin? A. the tsar B. a Russian nobleman who helped the tsar abdicate C. a faith healer who advised the tsar D. an aide to V. I. Lenin
C. a faith healer who advised the tsar
2. William II wanted ________. A. to forge alliances with Russia and France B. to become more isolated C. a navy and colonies like Britain's D. to expand the German Empire by gaining territory pg. 667
C. a navy and colonies like Britain's
18. Initially the Soviets ________. A. supported the provisional government B. plotted to overthrow the provisional government C. allowed the provisional government to function without actually supporting it D. believed they could persuade the provisional government to accept its demands pg. 686
C. allowed the provisional government to function without actually supporting it
7. The Boxer Rebellion ended when ________. A. Chinese troops suppressed the Boxers B. the Boxers surrendered C. an international army occupied Beijing D. China and the Boxers signed a peace treaty pg. 643
C. an international army occupied Beijing
4. Small shop owners considered which of the following a threat? A. unions B. banks C. department stores D. consumers
C. department stores
14. Christian missionaries in Muslim lands were most successful in ________. A. converting Muslims to Christianity B. helping to abolish slavery C. educating young Arabs in science and medicine D. promoting more tolerant views of nonwhites pg. 590
C. educating young Arabs in science and medicine
4. The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________. A. banned the practice of Christianity within the Ottoman Empire B. banned the practice of Judaism within the Ottoman Empire C. extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion D. required Christians and Jews to convert to Islam
C. extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion
The Fascists' seizure of the Italian government can be primarily attributed to the ________. A. resignation of the cabinet B. majority controlled by Mussolini in the Chamber of Deputies C. failure of the king to authorize the army to block the Black Shirt March D. split between Mussolini and his former political allies before the march on Rome
C. failure of the king to authorize the army to block the Black Shirt March
3. Which of the following became a major factor in the emerging mass politics? A. political cartoons B. letters to the editor C. front-page editorials D. transcripts of political speeches pg. 582
C. front-page editorials
11. The Crimean War was rooted in the ________. A. desire for unification of all German-speaking people B. hopes of the Italian people for unification on the peninsula C. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire D. British desire to dominate all eastern trade
C. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire
Under Lenin's New Economic Policy, ________. A. peasants did not have to pay taxes B. the government restricted free trade C. private economic enterprise was permitted D. peasants hoarded grain pg. 710
C. private economic enterprise was permitted
16. Which of these women's domestic roles was emphasized by most male intellectuals of the late 1800s? A. educational B. housekeeping C. reproductive D. service pg. 608
C. reproductive
12. Mass-circulation newspapers, when first introduced, were characterized by ________. A. a high quality level B. a focus on straight news stories C. stories about sensational crimes and political scandals D. an emphasis on weather and commodities prices
C. stories about sensational crimes and political scandals
18. Which of the following is considered a strong trigger for the Russian Revolution of 1905? A. the creation of the Duma B. the appearance at court by the monk Grigory Efimovich Rasputin C. the Bloody Sunday shootings D. the division between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
C. the Bloody Sunday shootings
Most of the money the Allies collected in war reparations went to ________. A. France B. Great Britain C. the United States D. the Soviet Union pg. 705
C. the United States
"When, in the course of development, class distinctions have disappeared, and all production has been concentrated in the hands of a vast association of the whole nation, the public power will lose its political character. Political power, properly so called, is merely the organised power of one class for oppressing another. If the proletariat during its contest with the bourgeoisie is compelled, by the force of circumstances, to organise itself as a class, if, by means of a revolution, it makes itself the ruling class, and, as such, sweeps away by force the old conditions of production, then it will, along with these conditions, have swept away the conditions for the existence of class antagonisms and of classes generally, and will thereby have abolished its own supremacy as a class. In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." —Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto 1848 What specific economic and social conditions were Marx and Engels referring to in this selection? A. the social order that developed following the French Revolution B.the impacts of the revolutionary upheaval of 1848 C. the social and economic order that emerged with the Industrial Revolution D. the societal concerns created due to Irish immigration after the potato famine
C. the social and economic order that emerged with the Industrial Revolution
"Italians! The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy and for Italy. To help them with money, arms, and especially men, is the duty of every Italian. If the cities do not offer sufficient basis for insurrection, let the more resolute throw themselves into the open country. A brave man can always find a weapon... Let us arm. Let us fight for our brothers, tomorrow we can fight for ourselves. A handful of brave men, who have followed me into battle for our country, are advancing with me to the rescue. Italy knows them; they always appear at the hour of danger. Brave and generous companions, they have devoted their lives to their country; they will shed their last drop of blood for it, seeking no other reward than that of a pure conscience." —General Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1860 What was the objective of the "brave and generous companions [who]...will shed their last drop of blood"? A. the overthrow of the leadership of Victor Emmanuel B. the removal of the pope as the spiritual and temporal leader of Italy C. the unification of the Italian states into one nation D. the establishment of a monarchy under the leadership of Camillo Cavour
C. the unification of the Italian states into one nation
15. The Government of India Act in 1858 ________. A. increased the authority of native rulers B. improved the sepoys' wages and working conditions C. transferred political authority from the East India Company to the British Crown D. transferred political authority from the East India Company to India pg. 621
C. transferred political authority from the East India Company to the British Crown
12. For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________. A. relatively stable as countries respected the Vienna settlement B. tumultuous as countries adapted to shifts in power C. unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Vienna settlement D. stable as countries joined forces to prevent another war
C. unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Vienna settlement
The Western powers responded to Hitler's invasion of Austria in 1938 by ________. A appealing to the League of Nations B demanding Germany immediately withdraw from Austria C stationing troops in Czechoslovakia along its border with Austria D taking no action
D taking no action
13. A Greek invasion of the Turkish homeland provoked a nationalist reaction, bringing the young general Mustafa Kemal, or ________, to power. A. "Prince of Nationalism" B. "General of Freedom" C. "Protector of the People" D. "Father of the Turks" pg. 693
D. "Father of the Turks"
Fascists won a majority in the Italian Chamber of Deputies in ________. A. 1922 B. 1918 C. 1934 D. 1924 pg. 719
D. 1924
13. Which of these describes the military operations of the Crimean War? A. The British and French troops were superior to those of the Ottomans and Russians. B. The Russian troops were superior to all other forces. C. The Ottoman troops were superior to all other forces. D. All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.
D. All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.
21. Which of the following statements is true concerning colonization in Asia from 1880-1914? A. French influence in Vietnam declined by 1914. B. Japanese influence in Asia declined by 1914. C. British dominance in Asia declined by 1914. D. American influence in southern Asia increased by 1914.
D. American influence in southern Asia increased by 1914.
17. Emperor Francis Joseph's scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire meant that the government was dominated by ________. A. Russians B. liberals C. Hungarians D. German-speaking Austrians
D. German-speaking Austrians
24. Which of these was NOT a British settler colony? A. Canada B. New Zealand C. Australia D. Ireland
D. Ireland
1. Literacy rates were lowest in ________. A. France B. Scandinavia C. the Netherlands D. Italy pg. 581
D. Italy
1. One of the main destinations in Africa for many Europeans was ________. A. Egypt B. Palestine C. modern-day Zimbabwe D. South Africa
D. South Africa
In the two decades following the end of World War I, what belief did the governments and societies of Eastern and Western Europe share? A. Germany posed the biggest threat to world peace. B. The Treaty of Versailles was unjust. C. The United States should not have received the biggest reparations from Germany. D. The Soviet Union posed the greatest threat to Europe's security.
D. The Soviet Union posed the greatest threat to Europe's security.
What best explains the patterns of declining industrialization in China and India during the nineteenth century? A. Mechanization and the factory system became the predominant modes of production by 1914. B. The persistence of pre-industrial agricultural practices and traditional land-owning patterns provoked famine, debt, and land shortages. C. As non-Europeans became educated in Western values, they modernized their own economies. D. The search for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods drove Europeans to colonize Asia.
D. The search for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods drove Europeans to colonize Asia.
23. Anthropologists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? A. They viewed non-Western peoples as roughly the same as Westerners in intelligence. B. They sought to create new universities in non-Western societies to support research. C. They pointed out similar folkways between Western and non-Western societies. D. They created zoo-like "native villages" for people in Europe and America. pg. 656
D. They created zoo-like "native villages" for people in Europe and America.
9. Leon Trotsky's military forces were opposed by the ________. A. Red Army B. Cheka C. Black Russians D. White Russians pg. 689
D. White Russians
2. The Petit Journal is an example of ________. A. pulp fiction B. a socialist newspaper C. a right-leaning newspaper D. a mass-circulation newspaper pg. 581
D. a mass-circulation newspaper
24. The covenant of the League of Nations sought to establish ________. A. one world government B. the elimination of barriers to free trade C. international bans on the production of machine guns, tanks, and submarines D. a system for resolving international conflicts
D. a system for resolving international conflicts
8. In the nineteenth century, cholera struck ________. A. the lower class only B. the lower and middle classes C. mainly the middle and upper classes D. all classes pg. 551
D. all classes
Mussolini's brokering of the Lateran Accord resulted in ________. A. disdain among Italians, the majority of whom opposed a separate state for the Vatican B. fear among Italians, the majority of whom opposed Catholicism as a national religion C. anger among Italians, with many feeling that Italy's concessions had been too costly D. approval among Italians, bringing increased respectability to Mussolini's regime pg. 720
D. approval among Italians, bringing increased respectability to Mussolini's regime
19. A main reason for popular discontent with the Russian provisional government in 1917-1918 was ________. A. Kerensky's decision not to aggressively continue the war B. the resistance of embittered monarchists to a socialist premier C. widespread demands for the Bolsheviks to lead the country D. continuing shortages of food
D. continuing shortages of food
"The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians... By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... Since it is not permitted to do harm in your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries - how much less to China! Of all that China exports to foreign countries, there is not a single thing which is not beneficial to people... Now we have set up regulations governing the Chinese people. He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also the death penalty... [I]n the new regulations, in regard to the barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid of a harmful thing on behalf of mankind..." —Letter from Lin Tse-hsu (Chinese official) to Queen Victoria of England, 1839 What motivated the British trade discussed by Lin Tse-hsu? A. retaliation for overpriced goods like silk and tea B. concern over the closure of Chinese markets to British textiles C. fear that the Chinese market would be taken over by other European nations, as well as the United States D. desire of merchants to use goods secured in India to improve their trade position in China
D. desire of merchants to use goods secured in India to improve their trade position in China
15. The Manet painting A Bar at the Folies- Bergère shows how ________. A. different social classes did not mix socially in modern urban life B. the middle classes enjoyed a life of leisure C. the working class was excluded from most urban leisure activities D. leisure activities in modern urban life allowed people from different classes to mix pg. 596
D. leisure activities in modern urban life allowed people from different classes to mix
"Italians! The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy and for Italy. To help them with money, arms, and especially men, is the duty of every Italian. If the cities do not offer sufficient basis for insurrection, let the more resolute throw themselves into the open country. A brave man can always find a weapon... Let us arm. Let us fight for our brothers, tomorrow we can fight for ourselves. A handful of brave men, who have followed me into battle for our country, are advancing with me to the rescue. Italy knows them; they always appear at the hour of danger. Brave and generous companions, they have devoted their lives to their country; they will shed their last drop of blood for it, seeking no other reward than that of a pure conscience." —General Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1860 What two ideologies motivated Garibaldi? A. Marxism and liberalism B. Romanticism and conservatism C. conservatism and nationalism D. nationalism and republicanism
D. nationalism and republicanism
Summary: To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing; politically, peace and order on one hand, blunders on the other; materially, impoverishment, relieved as far as the railway and other loans go. The natives call the British system "Sakar ki Churi," the knife of sugar. That is to say, there is no oppression, it is all smooth and sweet, but it is the knife, notwithstanding. I mention this that you should know these feelings. Our great misfortune is that you do not know our wants. When you will know our real wishes, I have not the least doubt that you would do justice." —Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits of British Rule in India, 1871 (from MyHistoryLab) What event occurred in the decade prior to this document that reflected the Indian idea of "Sakar ki Churi"? A. the "Black Hole of Calcutta" rescue B. the assassination of the last Mughal emperor by mercenaries C. the collapse of the Indian pepper market due to unwarranted British influence D. the Sepoy rebellion against the British
D. the Sepoy rebellion against the British
14. The Opium Wars were a conflict between Britain's desire to sell a product in China and China's opposition to ________. A. British trade policies B. Indian goods being sold in China C. Britain's dominance in foreign markets D. the import of an addictive product, opium
D. the import of an addictive product, opium
2. What labor-related term was coined in the latter half of the nineteenth century? A. service sector B. contract workers C. binding arbitration D. unemployment pg. 546
D. unemployment
22. Reforms in the Ottoman Empire were, in general, _______. A. implementations of Sharia law B. unsuccessful C. intended to align the empire with Russia D. westernizing
D. westernizing
20. Bolshevik Russia agreed to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, under which they ________. A. gained the Baltic States B. received large amounts of money for reparations C. agreed to end the civil war D. yielded Finland, Poland, and Ukraine to Germany
D. yielded Finland, Poland, and Ukraine to Germany
The pretext for the onset of the ________ was the assassination of Sergei Kirov on December 1, 1934. Twenty-One Conditions Great Purges Period of Rapid Industrialization Great Leap Forward pg. 715
Great Purges
The new Poland was constructed from the countries of ________. Russia, Lithuania, andGermany Russia, Germany, and Austria Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia Austria, Italy, and Russia
Russia, Germany, and Austria
Which of the following best characterizes Communist Party members who joined following the Great Purges? idealistic dedicated Bolsheviks intellectuals Stalin loyalists
Stalin loyalists
Which of the following most likely influenced Churchill's position regarding European unity? The Atlantic Charter The Cold War The Russian Revolution The World Wars
The World Wars
What country was once known as the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes? Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Poland Hungary pg. 737
Yugoslavia
To what is the piece referring when it describes liberalism as the ideology of the 19th century? a. The French Revolution-and the revolutions that followed it shaping the 19th century b. By the end of the 19th century, almost everyone in Europe had the right to vote c. The United States extensive participation European politics during the century d. The formation of the United Nations
a. The French Revolution-and the revolutions that followed it shaping the 19th century
"It would scarcely repay the trouble if we were to treat the historical significance of dreams as a separate topic.... But this only raises a fresh problem so long as a dream is regarded as an alien power in contrast to other more familiar forces of the mind; if a dream is recognized as a form of expression for impulses which are under the pressure of resistance during the day, but which have been able to draw reinforcement from deep-lying sources of excitation." Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 Which of the following best is most directly reflected in Freud's argument? a. an emphasis on the irrational and the struggle between the conscious and subconscious b. a theory of relativity undermining the primacy of an objective view of nature c. a new model of thought based on the concept of natural rights and the principles of equality d. a belief in the importance of the role of emotions in the moral development of self and society
a. an emphasis on the irrational and the struggle between the conscious and subconscious
The suspending of civil liberties and arrests of Communists or alleged Communists in Germany was a direct result of ________. Hitler's appointment as chancellor the Reichstag fire the film Triumph of the Will the Olympic games held in Berlin in 1936
the Reichstag fire
At the time of the Yalta Conference, Eastern Europe was occupied by ________. Nazi Germany Great Britain the United States the Soviet Union
the Soviet Union
"It would scarcely repay the trouble if we were to treat the historical significance of dreams as a separate topic.... But this only raises a fresh problem so long as a dream is regarded as an alien power in contrast to other more familiar forces of the mind; if a dream is recognized as a form of expression for impulses which are under the pressure of resistance during the day, but which have been able to draw reinforcement from deep-lying sources of excitation." Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 The worldview of which of the following eras was most directly undermined by the Freud's ideas as expressed in this excerpt? a. Romantic b. Nationalist c. Enlightenment d. Impressionist
c. Enlightenment
Monet's painting above best reflects which of the following nineteenth century artistic trends? a. breaking from classical artistic forms to emphasize intuition, the spirit, individuality, emotion, and natural histories b. the notion that science alone provides knowledge c. the desire to depict the life of ordinary people and to draw attention to social problems d. a move beyond the representational to the subjective and expressive
d. a move beyond the representational to the subjective and expressive
At Potsdam, the Allies agreed to ________. ban the use of atomic weapons organize elections in Germany once the war ended divide Germany into occupation zones withdraw from Germany by the end of 1946
divide Germany into occupation zones
Hitler decided on ________ as the "final solution of the Jewish problem." enslavement extermination excommunication banishment
extermination
What country confiscated radios as a way of limiting access to other countries' propaganda? Great Britain Germany the Soviet Union France
the Soviet Union
What nation suffered the most during World War II? the Soviet Union Germany Poland Great Britain
the Soviet Union
The Battle of Britain resulted in ________. a victory for the Germans a standoff the abandonment of Hitler's plans to invade England very few British causalities
the abandonment of Hitler's plans to invade England
In the Nazi ideology, women were considered first and foremost as _________. economically useless inferior morally weak mothers
mothers
In 1943, the foreign ministers of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union reaffirmed the commitment to fight until _________. the enemy stopped fighting defeat was inevitable the enemy surrendered the enemy surrendered unconditionally
the enemy surrendered unconditionally
The disappearance of unemployment in Britain was a natural result of _________. class distinctions total war the defeat of France German victories
total war
The outflow of foreign capital from Germany beginning in 1928 undermined the brief prosperity and resulted in an economic crisis ending ________. parliamentary government authoritarian rule free elections the rule of the Social Democrats
parliamentary government
Which of these had a destabilizing effect on the successor states in the 1920s and 1930s? rampant nationalism reimposition of the prewar empires liberal democratic reforms coalition governments
rampant nationalism
"That the various forms of epidemic, endemic, and other disease caused, or aggravated, or propagated chiefly amongst the labouring classes by atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing animal and vegetable substances, by damp and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings prevail amongst the population in every part of the kingdom... That such disease, wherever its attacks are frequent, is always found in connexion with the physical circumstances above specified, and that where those circumstances are removed by drainage, proper cleaning, better ventilation, and other means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the frequency and intensity of such disease is abated; and where the removal of noxious agencies appears to be complete, such disease almost entirely disappears... The primary and most important measures, and at the same time the most practicable, and within the recognized province, and within the recognized province of public administration, are drainage, the removal of all refuse of habitations, streets, and roads, and the improvement of the supplies of water." —Edwin Chadwick, Summary from the Poor Law Commissioners What specific type of reform did Chadwick's Summary from the Poor Law Commissioners help promote? a. hospital reform b. sanitation reform c. medical vaccinations for children d. government-provided medical care
sanitation reform
"When, in the course of development, class distinctions have disappeared, and all production has been concentrated in the hands of a vast association of the whole nation, the public power will lose its political character. Political power, properly so called, is merely the organised power of one class for oppressing another. If the proletariat during its contest with the bourgeoisie is compelled, by the force of circumstances, to organise itself as a class, if, by means of a revolution, it makes itself the ruling class, and, as such, sweeps away by force the old conditions of production, then it will, along with these conditions, have swept away the conditions for the existence of class antagonisms and of classes generally, and will thereby have abolished its own supremacy as a class. In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." —Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto 1848 Marx and Engels' assertion that "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all" is an extension of what other intellectual idea? Romanticism nationalism socialism Social Darwinism
socialism
Which of these was a powerful factor in the rise of both Mussolini and Hitler? crippling reparation payments religion reaction wounded national pride runaway inflation
wounded national pride