Seminar quiz 2
Your client's food log shows they ate 1,900 calories yesterday. Of those calories, 800 came from carbohydrates and 66 gm came from fat. How many grams of protein did your client consume yesterday?
- 800 cals came from carbs - find how many cals came from fat: 66g fat * 9 kcal/g = 594 kcal - so 1900cal - 800 - 594 = 506 cals from pro - now 506/4g pro = 126.5 grams consumed!
what are examples/methods of moist heat?
-Braising -simmering -steaming -stewing
what can occur as a result of vitamin A deficiency?
-Early-> Nyctalopia (the inability to see in dim light or at night.) -Late -> Xerophthalmia (abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation) -Bitots's
How does the hormone thyroxine raise blood sugar? -stimulates thyroid gland to produce more hormones -increases cell permeability to glucose and stimulates lipogenesis -stimulates liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis -stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and decreasing the release of insulin from the pancreas
-stimulates liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis the hormone thyroxine (T4) raises blood sugar bc it stimulates glycogenolysis (glycogen >> glucose) and gluconeogenesis (noncarbohydrates like proteins >> glucose)
what are the steps of energy metabolism?
1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb's cycle (TCA cycle) 3. Electron Transport Chain
What occurs before the TCA cycle can occur?
1. Pyruvate will be converted to Acetyl-CoA (which requires B1/B2/B3/B5/Magesium) - irreversible 2. acetyl CoA will enter the Kreb'c cycle
what is the purpose of enriching food products?
1. to add nutrients to foods that are not naturally present or have been lost during processing. It is a process that involves adding nutrients back into a food product to improve its nutritional value. 2. Improve the nutritional quality of the food and to help prevent nutrient deficiencies. It can also help to address public health concerns, such as preventing birth defects caused by folate deficiency.
how many units of ATP is produced from 1 molecule of glucose at the end of all three cycles (TCA/Kreb's cycle)
38
What is the temperature danger zone?
41-135 degrees F : refers to a range of temperatures in which harmful bacteria can grow rapidly in food -avoid keeping food here for too long to avoid food-borne illness, different foods require different temperatures to remain safe to consume
How much water needs to be removed from food in order to qualify as a method of food preservation? 90% 80% 60% 55%
80% In food processing, dehydration is a method of preserving foods for indefinite periods of time by extracting the moisture and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. At least 80% of the water needs to be removed from the food to be a method of food preservation. Foods commonly dehydrated include fruit, vegetables, and meats. 80% of water is removed for fruits, and 95% of water is removed for vegetables.
World Health Organization (WHO)
A group within the United Nations responsible for human health, including combating the spread of infectious diseases and health issues related to natural disasters.
A client explains to the dietitian "I know my blood sugar is high but this is not the right moment to make changes in my life." The RDN responds by asking, "What are the advantages of making changes now?" What principle of motivational interviewing is this? A. Develop discrepancy B. Roll with resistance C. Avoid arguments D. Support self-efficacy
A. Develop discrepancy Developing Discrepancy is when we shift the focus of the conversation when there is little or no change talk, to evoke any difference between the status-quo and the way the client would like things to be.
A dialysis company wants to research how frequently ESRD occurs in Asian Americans and the percentage of Asian Americans that develop ESRD over time. What type of research does the company want to conduct? incidence prevalence quasi experimental cross sectional
Correct answer: Incidence An incidence study is a type of cohort study that researches the risk of developing a disease. For example, an incidence study would be used to discover how frequently end-stage renal disease occurs in the Asian American population and the proportion of the population that develops the disease over time. A prevalence study, also called a cross-sectional study, researches all the cases of a specific disease among a group of people in a specific time period. While an incidence study looks at the incidence of new disease, a prevalence study looks at existing disease.
what is non-enzymatic browning (Maillard rxn)
Browning due to the combination of a reducing sugar with an amino acid
During a nutrition counseling session with a client, the client states: "As much as I would like to bring a healthy lunch with me to work, I can't because I don't have time to cook." This is an example of: A. Self-efficacy B. Change talk C. Sustain talk D. Cues to action
C. Sustain talk Sustain talk is the opposite of change talk. Clients may use sustain talk to indicate: their desire to stay as they are, their worries about being able to change, reasons not to change; need to stay as they are.
What are the end products of the Krebs cycle?
CO2, NADH, FADH2, H2O
what are the functions of eggs in baking?
Cakes, meringues, cookies, pastry creams and custards use eggs as main components to *thicken*, *emulsify*, *build volume*, *stabilize* and provide unique colors and flavors. Egg whites are essential for the characteristic whipping ability and volume buildup in cakes where it acts as a *leavening agent.*
_________ is a yellowish transparent fluid secreted from the mother's breasts during the first few days. It helps to meet the infant's needs because it is higher in protein than mature milk and has antibodies.
Colostrum
The nutrition education goal of enhancing one's knowledge to improve diet and decrease the risk of developing chronic disease is most appropriate for which age group? adolescents school aged children adults preschool
Correct answer: Adults A nutrition education goal appropriate for adults is enhancing their knowledge and skills to improve their diet and decrease their physiological risk of developing chronic disease
Which of the following is not an example of food processing? biotechnology washing freeze drying fermentation
Correct answer: Biotechnology Biotechnology is not a type of food processing. It does change food. food processing involves changing any type of fresh food into a food product. All the other examples change food from one form into another, edible form. This can range from such minimal processing as washing food to more processed results of fermenting or freeze-drying a food.
Which of the following is naturally cholesterol-free? shrimp coconut oil 90% lean ground beef mahi mahi
Correct answer: Coconut oil Only animal products/ingredients have cholesterol. Therefore, even though coconut oil is a fat, it naturally does not have cholesterol. All the other answers are animals/animal products. Even though mahi-mahi is a lean fish, it still has cholesterol. Lean ground beef (of any %fat/lean) has cholesterol. Shrimp, although very low fat, has cholesterol.
"Given a variety of carbohydrate sources, participants will be able to differentiate between complex and simple carbohydrates with an accuracy of 90%." this is an example of what kind of learning objective? psychomotor objective affective objective visual objective cognitive objective
Correct answer: Cognitive objective Cognitive objectives measure intellectual processes, such as knowing, perceiving, recognizing, thinking, conceiving, judging, and reasoning. Affective objectives measure feeling, emotion, attitude, appreciation, and value. Psychomotor objectives measure behaviors or physical skills. Visual objective is a fabricated term.
An increase in solutes (BUN), tachycardia, and rapid weight loss are signs and symptoms of what? overhydration dehydration hypoventilation respiratory acidosis
Correct answer: Dehydration Dehydration is caused by decreased water intake, excessive water output, and/or heavy solute load (BUN). Signs and symptoms include nausea, dizziness, sunken eyes, fever, hyperventilation, excessive sweating, concentrated urine, dry inelastic skin, increase in solutes (BUN), tachycardia, headache, fatigue, decreased appetite, and/or rapid weight loss. Dehydration is associated with hypernatremia
Which of the following resources would you consult to find research-based clinical treatment information that includes a grading system for its recommendations? Joint Commission Standards of Care Evidence Based Guidelines Evidence Analysis Library Standards of professional perfromance
Correct answer: Evidence Analysis Library The Evidence Analysis Library (EAL) contains documents that provide graded guidelines for practice. These grades indicate the quality of the evidence provided as well as a grading of the strength of the recommendation. Evidence-based guidelines provide research-based clinical treatment information but do not include the grading system. The Standards of Professional Performance (SOPPs) are part of the documents that define professional practice by Registered Dietitians. The Joint Commission Standards of Care addresses timely and efficient provision of nutrition care.
Which United States government agency is responsible for regulating food products of biotechnology? EPA USDA APHIS FDA
Correct answer: FDA The FDA regulates food products made with biotechnology. The USDA regulates agricultural products made with biotechnology. APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) is the department of the USDA that is primarily involved in that regulation. The EPA regulates herbicides and pesticides that use biotechnology.
A dietitian was asked by a preschool teacher to come and speak to the students about healthy eating. Based on the age group, which of the following would be an appropriate teaching method? food models goal setting cooking demo problem solving discussion
Correct answer: Food models The learning capabilities of preschoolers relate to basic connections and sensory experiences with food. Therefore, the best teaching method for preschoolers would involve playing with food or using food models. Problem-solving discussions would be better for school-aged children, goal-setting for adolescents, and cooking demonstrations for adults.
What hormone releases glucose from liver glycogen? epinephrine insulin glucagon glucocorticoids
Correct answer: Glucagon glucagon helps control blood sugar levels, and is released from alpha cells in pancreas when there is low blood sugar!!! glucagon will act on liver & induce glycogenolysis (where glycogen breaks down to glucose in liver), releasing glucose, which raises blood sugar again.
A popular local bakery released a seasonal custard, and they have sold out of it every single day this spring. The customers claim it is the best and most tender custard they have ever had. Which of the following objective methods of rating quality would most likely reflect the quality of this seasonal custard? high percent sag low percent sag small crystal size grade aa
Correct answer: High percent sag Percent sag (% sag) is an objective measure of quality used for custards. The larger the percentage of sag, the more tender the gel. A high quality and tender custard will have a high percent sag, while an overcooked and less tender custard will have a low percent sag.
what are the steps of motivational interviewing?
EFEP 1. *Engage*: "Hi" phase. establish rapport/comfort/safety/empathy 2. *Focus*: "What" phase. Finding a clear direction/goal when it's not clear from the beginning. What is the particular goal for change in this client? What is the target behavior? 3. *Evoke*: "Why" phase. Evoke a person's own motivations to change, and reinforce it to help build their motivation for change around the focused target behavior, ellicit "change talk" not "sustain talk" 4. *Plan*: "How" phase. Developing a commitment to change and formulating a specific plan of action
__________- is a hormone located in the adrenal medulla that raises blood sugar by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, stimulating liver and muscle glycogenolysis, and decreasing the release of insulin from the pancreas during catabolic stress.
Epinephrine
what is induction?
Heating through a magnetic field generated by an induction coil *The burner has no flame and it does not get hot
what is radiation?
Heating through waves that cause movement of water molecules *microwave
what is the Krebs cycle/TCA cycle?
IN aerobic conditions, the pyruvate made in glycolysis will be used in this to make ATP
why is the focus of motivational interviewing client autonomy?
It improves the change initiative, maximizes strengths, and reduces resistance and ambivalence
_______ is an intracellular electrolyte? K Na Cl Ca
K! Electrolytes are located in the extracellular and intracellular fluids of cells to maintain homeostasis and fluid balance. Intracellular electrolytes include K+, Mg++, and P. Extracellular electrolytes include Na+, Ca++, Cl-, and HCO3-.
_________ is part of the DGA (Dietary Guidelines for Americans) that provides guidelines for food consumption focused on overall health promotion.
My Plate
The __________ is focused on gathering information about food intake and health status.
NFNS (National Food and Nutrition Survey)
__________ is a hormone that develops the placenta after implantation.
Progesterone
__________ is a maternal hormone from the pituitary gland and serves to stimulate milk production.
Prolactin
Mold inhibitors are an additive that inhibits mold growth. What are examples?
Propionate, sodium benzoate
Antioxidants can be used as a food additive to prevent oxidation by quenching free radicals. What are examples?
Propyl gallate, BHA/BHT, Ascorbic acid, Alpha Tocopherol
Reducing the pH of cake batter to below 7.0 results in what? increase browning during cooking decrease browning during cooking increased firmness decreased firmness
Reduced browning during cooking !! The Maillard reaction is more gradual at lower pH levels, resulting in less browning of the product during cooking. A Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between proteins and sugars that occurs when a food is heated and results in a browning of the food. Lower pH levels in cake batters result in softer cakes. A lower pH is more acidic. The taste may or may not be affected, depending on other factors.
______________is focused on providing reduced-cost meals to low-income students.
The NSLP (National School Lunch Program)
Where do NADH and FADH2 go after being produced in the TCA cycle?
The electron transport chain (ETC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane to be oxidized and create more ATP (most of the ATP is created in the ETC)
where does conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the TCA cycle occur?
The mitochondria of the cell
What is motivational interviewing?
a client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence -goal-oriented communication style -idea is to increased motivation and readiness to change in clients/patients, allowing THEM to evoke a desire to change on their own -does NOT give them advice, decisions are left up to them!
A nutrition education goal best for _________- is creating positive attitudes about healthy eating, demonstrating how healthy eating can help in the development of a positive body image, and encouraging them to value the importance of food and other lifestyle factors that can prevent common nutrition-related problems.
adolescents
what enhances the maillard reaction?
aklalinity, increased temperatures, little liquid/water content (aka you want to use SOLID sugar! not honey/maple)
Metabolic acidosis may be caused by: hyperventilation anxiety cva uncontrolled diabetes
answer: uncontrolled diabetes metabolic acidosis is when the renal ssytem fails to control the body's acid base balance.... the kidneys can retain or produce too much hydrogen (=high H+) or excrete too much base (=low HCO3) .... the respiratory system tries to compensate, and increases ventilation to remove CO2 to decrease carbonic acid. metabolic acidosis can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes, increased hydrogen production/ retention from kidneys, excessive base excretion from kidneys, uremia, or diarrhea.
what is moist heat?
any method that includes water (including steam)
what is dry heat?
any method that uses no water (does include methods that use fat!)
what type of pathway is insulin (made in beta cells of pancreas) involved?
any pathway that involves anabolism (building)
After the Krebs Cycle only a small portion of the energy of glucose has been converted to ATP. At this point the majority of usable energy is contained in a. Acetyl CoA b. NADH and FADH2 c. CO2 d. Citrate
b. NADH and FADH2
The following is an irreversible reaction: a. Pyruvic acid into lactic acid b. Pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA c. Glucose 6 phosphate into glycogen d. Glucose 6 phosphate into pyruvate
b. Pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA
what is the precursor to vitamin A?
beta-carotene
what is enzymatic browning?
browning due to the action of the naturally present enzymes found in food (ex: apples browning at room temperature)
what is the difference between change talk and sustain talk?
change talk = any speech that favors movement toward change sustain talk = client talking about why they CAN'T change
what are the four types of heat transfer?
conduction, convection, radiation, induction
Jordan is conducting a nutrition research study and is sending out a survey packet to participants who have agreed to take part in the study. The survey gathers participant's age, number of people living in the home, household income, and open-ended questions about attitudes toward healthy eating. What type of research method is this and what type of data is he collecting? mixed methods standard methods qualitative quantitative
correct= Mixed method; both quantitative and qualitative data the participant's age, number of people living in the home, and household income are quantitative (objective) open-ended questions about attitudes toward healthy eating are qualitative (subjective) Standard method usually refers to quantitative data.
In what part of the cell does aerobic glycolysis occur? matrix mitochondria cytoplasm cristae
cytoplasm !! glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Aerobic (with oxygen) glycolysis yields pyruvate. the TCA occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. the ETC creates ATP, and takes place in the cristae which are the inner folds of the mitochondria inner membrance
Vitamin A is involved in: a. growth and development b. blood clotting c. growth of bones and teeth d. development of tissue and skin
d. development of tissue and skin One of vitamin A's functions is cell differentiation of the skin, GI tract, and immune system cells
what hormone helps to raise blood sugar by stimulating liver and muscle glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose)... it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and is found in adrenal medulla epinephrine insulin glucagon glucocorticoids
epinephrine
The medical record is a legal document that is a record of care provided and serves as a communication record amongst healthcare providers. it is Standardized by The Joint Commission. T/F ?
false- TJC (The Joint Commission) doesn't provide a blueprint for the medical record. The format of the medical record is determined by the facility.
what hormones help to raise blood sugar by inducing gluconeogenesis (breakdown of protein to glucose). epinephrine insulin glucagon glucocorticoids
glucocorticoids
what is conduction?
heating by direct contact, heat moves from the stove to the dish to the food through contact with each other *think of a pan on a regular stove
what is convection?
heating through movement of hot air through circulation of fans *cuts baking time by HALF
Which of the following describes an objective measure of good quality custard? higher percent sag taste sugar to egg ratio low percent sag
higher percent sag Objective evaluation of foods involves instrumentation and use of physical and/or chemical techniques. Percent sag is an objective evaluation that measures gel strength; the higher the percent sag, the more tender the gel. When custards are overcooked, they become less tender and have a lower percent sag. taste is subjective
what foods are commonly enriched?
in foods that have been processed and refined, such as white flour and rice, to add back some of the nutrients that were lost during processing. For example, enriched white flour may contain added iron, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and folic acid.
What hormone is released in response to high blood sugar to induce glycogenesis and lipogenesis? epinephrine insulin glucagon glucocorticoids
insulin! found in beta cells in pancreas... and released during high blood sugar, and helps lower blood sugar by increasing cell permeability to glucose ... causing glycogenesis and lipogenesis (storing the sugar as glycogen and converting it to fat)
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis? -kidneys retain _____ and excrete more _____
kidneys retain HCO3 and excrete more H+ respiratory acidosis is when there is less ventilation in the lungs and higher co2 levels in the body as a result. the kidneys compensate by retaining HCO3 and excreting h+ to increase pH which counteracts acidosis.
Health literacy encompasses all types of literacy except : -Cultural and conceptual knowledge (health beliefs, attitudes, and practices) -Oral literacy -The language spoken -Print literacy -Numeracy
language spoken The language spoken has no impact on health literacy, although it can have an impact on understanding written materials
what concepts are these two acronyms associated with: ASRED and EFEP?
motivational interviewing (principles and steps)
what is the start and end product of the Krebs cycle/TCA cycle?
oxaloacetate
What is beta-carotene?
precursor to vitamin A
Which of the following methods to give nutrition information would be most cost-effective to reach the highest-percent of low-education, minority adults with few resources? radio television social media newspaper
social media Research has shown that about 2/3 of low-educated, minority adults with few resources use social media. Social media is used overall more often than print media, and it is more cost-effective than print media, television, or radio.
what role do glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids (i.e. cortisol), that are made in the alpha cells of the pancreas, play in energy metabolism?
they are involved in catabolic reactions (aka breakdown)
When the level of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) drops too low, the pituitary gland produces ____________ to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more hormones. ___________ indirectly raises blood sugar by producing more T4 (bc t4 raises blood sugar)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
is enrichment of foods mandated by the US government?
yes, it is often mandated by government regulations to ensure that certain essential nutrients are added to commonly consumed foods. In the United States, for example, flour, rice, and some other grain products are required to be enriched with specific nutrients.
what are examples/methods of dry heat?
-Frying -broiling -roasting -grilling
what are principles of motivational interviewing?
ASRED-> Amanda Sings Rock Every Day 1. *Avoid arguments*: avoid confrontation 2. *Support self-efficacy*: Reinforce hope and optimism in the patient; promote belief in their ability to do the skill needed 3. *Roll with resistance*: acknowledge reluctance to change, "You are not happy you are here today 4. *Express empathy*: being compassionate, accepting 5. *Develop Discrepency*: Help clients see difference between their values and their behaviors "you want to balance your blood sugar, but you need to drink juice with every meal
The Joint Commission (TJC)
An organization that accredits health care organizations and programs
What is the best nutrition education for a person with type 1 diabetes? Integrate insulin regimens into usual eating and exercise habits facilitate changes in eating that reduce insulin res. use a1c tests to see if adjustments in meal planning needed implement life-style strategies to improve metabolic status
Correct answer: Integrate insulin regimens into usual eating and exercise habits Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients are insulin-dependent, and goals include integrating insulin regimens into their usual eating and exercise habits. The other options are correct for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients who are insulin-independent; goals include facilitating changes in eating that will reduce insulin resistance, implementing lifestyle strategies that will improve metabolic status, and using A1C tests to determine whether adjustments in meal planning are necessary. Insulin is not the primary measure, since T2DM patients are not insulin-dependent.
Which of the following nutrients is added to enriched flour? potassium iron biotin protein
Correct answer: Iron Nutrients added to enriched flour include thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and folic acid.
Which element of an egg helps the yolk act as an emulsifier? collagen myofibrils lecithin lipoprotein
Correct answer: Lecithin Lecithin is a phospholipid that helps the egg yolk act as an emulsifier. Lipoproteins help stabilize the emulsion in the egg yolk by interacting at the surface of the oil droplets to form a layer. Myofibrils are the basic rod-like units of a muscle cell. Collagen is the structural part of a tendon that surrounds muscles.v
What hormone moves human milk through ducts and facilitates birth?
Correct answer: Oxytocin Oxytocin is a maternal hormone from the pituitary gland that moves human milk through ducts and facilitates birth.
During an initial nutrition assessment, an RD identifies that a client is anemic and encourages her to eat more foods with iron. The RD provides the client with a handout of high-iron foods, shows her pictures of high-iron foods, and develops a high-iron meal plan with foods the client prefers. When the client returns for a follow-up nutrition assessment, she reports that she has increased her consumption of iron-rich foods and has higher energy levels. The RD praises the client and encourages the continuation of the new eating patterns. What type of change strategy is the RD using? positive reinforcement avoidance learning positive cause-effect extinction
Correct answer: Positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement is a behavior modification method that focuses on encouraging repetition of a certain behavior and provides meaningful attention from a superior.
Which of the following nutrients is now required on the nutrition facts label? - vitamin A - Potassium - vitamin E - Vitamin C - phosphorus
Correct answer: Potassium Some required or permitted nutrients have been updated on the new Nutrition Facts label. Vitamin D and potassium are now required to be on the label because Americans do not always get the recommended amounts.
You are asked to present a nutrition education lecture to a group of 75 people. The person requesting the lecture has informed you that the group has low literacy and there is a large white board available as well as audio-visual equipment available. Which of the following types of supporting visuals would be most effective for this lecture? food models ppt w pics and text whiteboard presentation in all capital letters poster board with illustrations
Correct answer: PowerPoint presentation with pictures and text The PowerPoint presentation that includes pictures would be the most effective visual for the low-literacy group. Either a large whiteboard or audio-visual equipment would be appropriate for a large group. However, the whiteboard writing using all-caps is difficult to read for those with low literacy. The group of 75 ppl is large enough that small visuals, like food models or poster boards, would not be effective.
During a nutrition counseling session, a client states to the dietitian, "I want my blood sugar to be lower, but I'm having trouble sticking to the right amount of carbs." What stage of change is the client most likely in? contemplation preparation precontemplation action
Correct answer: Preparation Precontemplation: The client has not given any thought to change. Contemplation: The client has thought about change, but has not taken any action. Preparation: The client has begun to take some steps to change. This is illustrated by the statement the client gives. The client has tried making changes but is having some difficulty. Action: The client has made the change and continued the change for the past 6 months. Maintenance: The client has continued the change for more than 6 months.
Which of the following food additives acts as a preservative and mold inhibitor in sausage? benzoyl peroxide ascorbic acid monoglycerides propyl gallate
Correct answer: Propyl gallate Propyl gallate is a food additive used as a preservative and mold inhibitor that is commonly found in processed sausage. The other options are all examples of food additives, but they are not found in processed sausage. Ascorbic acid is used to enhance appearance by preventing browning monoglycerides are emulsifiers (stabilize processed foods) and benzoyl peroxide is a bleaching agent used in flour.
Jaclyn has noticed she learns best by observing, imitating, and practicing an activity. Which domain of Bloom's taxonomy does this describe? cognitive psychomotor affective responding
Correct answer: Psychomotor The three learning domains in Bloom's taxonomy include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The psychomotor domain = development of activities to promote improvement in physical or manipulative skills...actions such as observing, imitating, practicing, and adapting. The cognitive domain = development of activities to promote abilities in thought, understanding, and cognitive skills. The affective domain = development of activities to promote changes in attitude, feeling, or emotion. Responding is not one of the three domains
Which of the following, according to the elaboration likelihood model of communication (ELM), would help increase the ability of your audience to process a message in your education plan? provide a memorable message repeat the message several times during presenting describe what the audience can lose by not taking action on the message provide a meaningful message
Correct answer: Repeat the message throughout the presentation. The ELM gives ways to increase the motivation and ability of the audience to process the messages in your education plan. Characteristics of a message in an education plan to... 1. Increase audience motivation to process: unexpected, memorable, meaningful, culturally appropriate, stated in a way that addresses what the audience has to gain by taking action and to lose by not taking action, involves humor or other attribute appropriate for the setting/audience 2. Increase audience ability to process: straightforward, clear, repeat and reinforce, presented with minimal distractions
During a nutrition counseling session, a client says, "I know you want me to stop eating out, but I'm not ready to do that!" The dietitian responds by saying, "You can see that there are some issues, but you're not willing to think about stopping altogether." Which principle of motivational interviewing is the dietitian using? Roll with resistance express empathy avoid argumentation develop discrepancy
Correct answer: Roll with resistance ( when you affirm the clients freedom of choice and telling the client reluctance is normal) The 5 principles of motivational interviewing are to express empathy, develop discrepancy, avoid argumentation, roll with resistance, and support self-efficacy. expressing empathy verbally reflects an underdstanding of clients feelings, clarifies their feelings or experiences develop discrepancy compares and contrasts present and desired behaviors Avoiding argumentation is not arguing or attempting persuasion.
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with petechiae and poor growth rate. Which of the following foods should the patient add to his diet? walnuts salmon canola oil safflower oil
Correct answer: Safflower oil The essential fatty acids are linoleic acid (omega-6) and a-linolenic (omega-3). An absence or deficiency in omega-6 leads to eczema, poor growth rate, and petechiae (red or purple skin spots). To reverse this deficiency, an omega-6-rich source should be recommended, such as safflower or sunflower oil.
What organization is responsible for establishing a standard definition of what makes an organization culturally competent?
Correct answer: The Joint Commission The Joint Commission is working to define cultural competence and establish a standard definition of what makes an organization or institution culturally competent. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) is a non-governmental and professional organization that represents credentialed practitioners holding degrees in nutrition and dietetics. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations concerned with international public health. It helps develop RDAs for developing countries. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid is a federal agency in the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that administers Medicare, Medicaid, State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and health insurance portability standards.
Which nutrient is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate to generate energy in the TCA cycle? zinc magnesium thiamin chromium
Correct answer: Thiamin Thiamin (vitamin B1) is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate to generate energy in the TCA cycle. Without thiamin pyrophosphate, pyruvate is unable to convert to acetyl CoA for the TCA cycle, resulting in energy deprivation of the heart muscle.
Which United States government agency maintains the NND (National Nutrient Database)? FDA CDC NCHS USDA
Correct answer: USDA The USDA maintains the NND, which is a resource for the nutrient content of food.
Theo is a 23-year-old student in nutrition graduate school and is studying for his final exam. One of his study techniques involves describing and explaining the chapter's key points to his classmates. Which level of cognitive domain is Theo using? apply evaluate understand remember
Correct answer: Understand The cognitive domain includes six levels of thinking: Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Synthesize/create Understand is described as reporting information in a way other than how it was learned in order to show understanding. Useful verbs for this objective include describe, explain, summarize, compare, discuss, identify, classify, review, and locate.
A 1.5-pound sirloin is roasted at 325°F for 45 minutes. When the sirloin is removed from the oven, the temperature of the meat reads 130°F. The sirloin is scheduled to be carved and served in 30 minutes. Should it be served, and why or why not? no- it may have ecoli no-carry over cooking will not assure it reaches safe minimum internal temp yes- carry over cooking will assure it reaches safe minimum internal temp yes- safe min internal temp was reached in the oven
Correct answer: Yes, because carry-over cooking will bring it to the safe minimum internal temperature Tender cuts of meat near the backbone (loin, sirloin) should be cooked using dry heat methods. Dry heat methods include frying, broiling, and roasting. When meat is removed from the oven, "carry-over cooking" occurs for about 10 minutes and the internal meat temperature rises 15-25°F. This carry-over cooking principle is the reason this sirloin is safe to be served; the original temperature of 130°F would have been brought to 145-155°F by the time it was served.
what are food sources of vitamin A?
Liver, fortified milk, yellow/orange fruits and vegetables (pumpkin, sweet potato, mango, carrots) and spinach
