Session 1 Study Guide Chapters 1 and 2

The damage to an ecosystem caused by a hurricane or flood can be referred to as

A disturbance

Which of the following factors is likely to lead to violent conflicts?

All of these are factors that can lead to violent conflicts: A. Racial antagonisms. B. Access to water. C. Natural resource degradation. D. Religious conflicts.

Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya

Are linking improved environmental quality with social progress

The world's population is now more than

C. 6 billion.

Of the following statements and questions, which is the best example of deductive reasoning?

. Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insects must have six legs

Utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because they are important

. and used by all living things

Lead poisoning in children is an example that exemplifies the problem of ___________ for minority children.

. environmental racism

Poverty is usually passed on from one generation to the next through

. the lack of available opportunities.

Supplies of fossil fuels are

being steadily depleted.

Another word for "steward" is

caretaker.

Most environmental problems result from

complex, interrelated problems

One way to decrease the size of our ecological footprint is to

decrease consumption rates.

The issue that racial and ethnic minorities face unusually high exposure to environmental hazards is a central argument to

environmental justice.

The branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong and the ultimate worth of actions of things is

ethics.

. Sustainable development, ideally, improves living conditions

for generations in the future

. The Mineral King Valley court case is important environmental history because it was a case that argued for the

inherent value of trees, rocks, and wildlife.

Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest conservation in order to protect

jobs and homes for people.

Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by

placing more emphasis on pollution problems

The word "environment" comes from a French word that means having to do with

surroundings.

. Environmental science is a __________

systematic approach in learning about the environment.

The term "toxic colonialism" is best described as

the exportation of toxic wastes to poor communities.

The history of conservation and environmentalism is

traceable well back into human history.

Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their

aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat.

. The statement, "Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insects must have six legs." is an example of

Deductive reasoning

Generally, distinguished scientists

A. always agree if they really are expert scientists. B. may have different interpretations of the same evidence. C. never disagree once a theory is established. D. believe each other and support each other in their work. E. always disagree so they can prove theories.

One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the

A. current ability to alter the natural world through technology. B. relatively new emergence of environmentalists. C. historical ignorance of the interconnected nature of environmental issues. D. development of new fields such as environmental science. E. extremely fast transmission of information through the Internet.

The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the

A. history of the use of natural resources. B. diversity of life on Earth. C. human impact on the Earth. D. pollution on the Earth. E. future use of natural resources.

_________________ is a process for producing knowledge methodically and logically.

B. Science

. Ideally, science

Is orderly and methodical

Sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that it emphasizes economic development in the

Long term

Networks of interactions among interdependent factors are known as

Systems