Shampooing, rinsing, and conditioning

Treatment or repair conditioners

Deep-penetrating conditioners that are left on the hair for 10 to 20 minutes, restoring protein and moisture.

Instant pH balanced conditioners

Fall in the pH range of 3.5-6.0, and restore the pH balance after an alkaline chemical treatment. Designed primarily to balance the pH. They are considered instant because of their short application time. They generally contain an acid that balances the alkalinity of a prior chemical service.

Rinse-out conditioner

Finishing rinses or cream rinses that are rinsed out after they are worked through the hair for detangling.

Balancing shampoos

For oily hair and scalp, wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from dying out.

Moisturizers

Heavier and creamier than instant conditioners. Also have a longer application time. Are formulated to be more penetrating and to have longer staying power. QUATS are included in the chemical formulation due to their ability to attach themselves steadfastly to hair fibers.

Acid- balanced shampoo

Is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5). Any shampoo can become acid balanced by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid. Some experts believe that an acid pH of 4.5 to 5.5 is essential to prevent excessive dryess and hair damage during the cleansing process. Help to close the hair cuticle and are recommended for hair that has been color-treated or lightened.

Hard water

Is often in well water and contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap and shampoo to lather readily. It may also change the results of haircoloring service.

Soft water

Is rain water or chemically softened water. It contains small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely.

Water

Is the most abundant and important element on Earth

Cortex

Makes up 90 percent of the hair strand. It can be penetrated with protein conditioners to temporarily reconstruct the hair. Moisturizing conditioners also contain humectants that attract moisture from the hair and are absorbed into the ____.

Conditioners

Minimize the damage to hair during a hair service. They can restore luster, shine, manageability, and strength while the damaged hair grows long enough to be cut off and replaced by new hair.

Humectants

Most conditioners contain silicone along with moisture-binding ___ substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture. Silicone reflects light and makes the hair appear shiny.

Scalp massage

Most effective when given as a series of treatments once a week for a normal scalp and more frequently when scalp disorders are present. Performed before a shampoo.

Lipophilic

Oil attracting tail capable of attracting oil.

Scalp astringent lotion

Remove oil accumulation from the scalp and are used after a scalp treatment and before styling.

Protein and biotin

Restore moisture and elasticity, strengthen the hair shaft, and add volume. They also are non-stripping.

Excessive shampooing

Strips the hair of its protective oil (sebum) that, in small amounts, seals and protects the hair's cuticle

Scalp conditioners

Usually found in a cream base, are used to soften and improve the health of the scalp. They contain moisturizing and emollient ingredients.

Hydrophilic

Water attracting head.

Deep conditioning treatments

Also known as hair masks or packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated protein in the heavy cream base of a moisturizer. They penetrate the cuticle layer.

Spray-on thermal protectors

Are applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blowdrying, thermal irons, or electric rollers.

Color-enhancing shampoos

Are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments. They are similar to temporary color rinses because they are attracted to porous hair. Used to brighten, to add a slight hint of color, and to eliminate unwanted color tones such as gold or brassiness.

Conditioning or moisturizing shampoos

Are designed to make the hair smooth and shiny, avoid damage to chemically treated hair, and improve manageability of the hair.

Protein conditioners

Are designed to slightly increase hair diameter with a coating action, thereby adding volume to the hair. Are used to improve the strength of the hair and to temporarily close split ends. They are designed to pass through the cuticle, penetrate into the cortex, and replace the keratin that has been lost from the hair.

Dry or powder shampoo

Cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water. The powder picks up dirt and oils as you brush or cob it through the hair. It adds volume to the hair.

Surfactant

Cleansing or surface active agent. A ___ molecule has two ends: a hydrophilic or water- attracting head and a lipophilic "oil attracting tail" During the shampoo process, the hydrophilic head attracts water and the lipophilic tail attracts oil. This creates a push-pull process that causes the oils, dirt, and deposits to roll up into little balls that can be lifted off in the water and rinsed from the hair.

Medicated scalp lotions

Conditioners that promote healing of the scalp.

Clarifying shampoos

Contain and acidic ingredient such as apple cider vinegar to cut through product buildup that can flatten hair. They also increase shine. Should only be used once a week or once every two weeks.

Medicated shampoos

Contain special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing excessive dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions.