Sherpath: Female Reproductive System
Place the changes in female sexual maturation in the typical order of occurrence. Breast development Pubic hair development Axillary hair growth Menstruation
Breast development begins first; it is followed by pubic hair growth, then axillary hair growth, and then menarche.
How do hormones affect the female reproductive cycle? A decrease in estrogen causes fertilization. An abrupt increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation. Increased progesterone stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. A sudden increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) causes the corpus luteum to regress.
An abrupt increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation.
Which description represents the normal anatomical structure of the external os of the cervix in a nullipara? Rounded with tags Curved and smooth Large, slit-like opening Irregular and softened
Curved and smooth
Which noticeable change is first expected during the process of sexual maturation in females? Development of breast buds Increasing height and weight Secretion of endometrial glands Growth of axillary and pubic hair
Development of breast buds
Which statement explains how a 5-year-old female could present with pubic hair growth? Estrogen is released prematurely by the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released in large quantities from the ovaries. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released prematurely by the hypothalamus. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is released in large quantities from the hypothalamus.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released prematurely by the hypothalamus. A 5-year-old female who presents with pubic hair growth is experiencing isosexual precocious puberty caused by premature release of GnRH.
In which way is the hypothalamus responsible for sexual maturation? It produces estrogen to stimulate growth of breast tissue. It releases luteinizing hormone (LH) to stimulate growth of the ovaries. It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate maturation of the follicles. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland.
It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland.
Which female anatomical structure protects the labia minora? Clitoris Perineum Mons pubis Labia majora
Labia majora
Which effect would secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin during the luteal phase have on the endometrial cycle of the female reproductive cycle? Lack of menstruation Release of multiple ova Necrosis of the endometrium Decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lack of menstruation Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted from a fertilized ovum and results in maintenance of the corpus luteum and lack of menstruation during the endometrial cycle.
Place the phases of the endometrial cycle in order, starting with day 1 of the female reproductive cycle.
Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase Ischemic phase
Match the female reproductive structure with its role during childbirth. 1. Muscle contracts to expel fetus 2. Fibrous tissue opens to accommodate fetus's passage into the birth canal 3. Muscle expands as fetus moves through birth canal 4. Muscle stretches as fetal head emerges Perineum Uterus Fallopian tube Cervix Ovary Vagina
Muscle contracts to expel fetus Uterus Fibrous tissue opens to accommodate fetus's passage into the birth canal Cervix Muscle expands as fetus moves through birth canal Vagina Muscle stretches as fetal head emerges Perineum
Which statements describe how the uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes function together to assist in conception? Select all that apply. Ovaries mature the ovum. The uterus stores glycogen. Fallopian tubes transport the ovum. The uterus supports pelvic structures. The ovary releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Ovaries mature the ovum.The ovaries develop an ovum to maturity during each reproductive cycle to assist in conception.The uterus stores glycogen. The uterus prepares for conception during each reproductive cycle by storing large quantities of glycogen, proteins, lipids, and minerals in the endometrium.Fallopian tubes transport the ovum. The Fallopian tubes transport the ovum during each reproductive cycle to assist in conception.
Match the phase of the ovarian cycle with its primary action. Ovum matures. Follicle ruptures. Cells from follicle persist.
Ovum matures-Follicular phase Follicle ruptures-vulatory phase Cells from follicle persist-Luteal phase
Which hormones are responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics? Oxytocin Estrogen Prolactin Progesterone Luteinizing hormone
Progesterone Progesterone is released from the ovaries and is responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics. Estrogen Estrogen is released from the ovaries and is responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics. Explanation of incorrect answers: Oxytocin Oxytocin is responsible for stimulating contractions of the uterus, not development of female secondary sex characteristics. Prolactin Prolactin is responsible for lactogenesis, not development of female secondary sex characteristics. Luteinizing hormone Luteinizing hormone is responsible for maturation of follicles and ovulation, but not development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Development of female breast tissue is related to which process of sexual maturation? Luteinizing hormone production Oxytocin production by pituitary Release of estrogen from ovaries Release of prolactin from breasts
Release of estrogen from ovaries
Which statement describes the purpose of the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle? The mature ovum is released. Growth of the follicle is promoted. One follicle is matured for ovulation. The endometrium is prepared for the ovum.
The endometrium is prepared for the ovum. During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a fertilized ovum.
How does the endometrium assist in the reproductive cycle? The myometrium causes blood loss during menarche. The functional layer of the endometrium releases estrogen and progesterone. The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during the menstrual period. The basal layer of the endometrium regenerates the myometrium each month.
The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during the menstrual period. The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during each menstrual period and is responsible for blood loss during menarche. Explanation for incorrect answers: The myometrium causes blood loss during menarche. The myometrium is the middle muscle layer of the uterus; it is not part of the endometrium or responsible for blood loss during menarche. The functional layer of the endometrium releases estrogen and progesterone.The functional layer of the endometrium is responsive to cyclic variations of estrogen and progesterone, but it does not release these hormones. The basal layer of the endometrium regenerates the myometrium each month.The basal layer of the endometrium regenerates the functional layer of the endometrium, not the myometrium, each month.
Which physical change indicates impending ovulation? Necrotic endometrium Thin, stringy cervical mucus Thickened endometrial secretions Dilation of endometrial blood vessels
Thin, stringy cervical mucus Thin, stringy cervical mucus aids sperm entry into the uterus and that indicates impending ovulation.
Which statement best describes the function of the Fallopian tube? Receives the male sperm Contracts to expel a fetus Transports ovum to uterus Contains mammary glands
Transports ovum to uterus Explanation for incorrect answers: Receives the male sperm The vagina, not the Fallopian tube, receives sperm. Contracts to expel a fetus The uterus, not the Fallopian tube, contracts to expel a fetus. Transports ovum to uterus The function of the Fallopian tube is best described as transporting an ovum to the uterus. Contains mammary glands The breasts, not the Fallopian tube, contain mammary glands.
