sherpath- sleep

Sleep apnea is characterized by a lack of airflow through the mouth and nose for at least __ seconds during sleep.

10

A nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of medication on sleep. Which statement shows a need for further teaching? "Narcotics cause frequent awakening." "Amphetamines decrease REM sleep." "Beta blockers can cause nightmares." "Barbiturates increase REM sleep."

"Barbiturates increase REM sleep."

A female patient with tremors and circadian rhythm disorder complains that she is having difficulty sleeping and is often awakened. She frequently works nights during shift rotation. Which question by the nurse is appropriate? Select all that apply. "Have you thought about taking a vacation to get some rest?" "Have you considered switching to days permanently?" "Are you taking any medications that may be causing you to have trouble sleeping?" "How do you feel about a care plan to reduce awakenings?" "Have you been tested for Parkinson's disease?"

"Have you considered switching to days permanently?" "Are you taking any medications that may be causing you to have trouble sleeping?" "How do you feel about a care plan to reduce awakenings?" "Have you been tested for Parkinson's disease?"

Which patient statement regarding foods that promote sleep indicates the need for further education from the nurse? "I should drink several glasses of red wine in the evening to enhance the sleep I get overnight." "A glass of milk before bed stimulates the production of serotonin enhancing sleep." "Coffee should be avoided prior to bed as the caffeine is a stimulant which interferes with sleep." "I should limit my intake a fluid in the evening as it may cause the need to urinate while sleeping."

"I should drink several glasses of red wine in the evening to enhance the sleep I get overnight."

A nurse is teaching a parent with a child diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis about the disorder. Which statement(s) by the parent shows a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "If my daughter does not watch scary movies at night she will not wet the bed." "My daughter is between ages 3-7, the ages when bedwetting is common." "My daughter may benefit from the use of a bed alarm that detects moisture." "My daughter cannot control her bladder; there must be something wrong with her." "My daughter does not need behavioral therapy for her bedwetting problem."

"If my daughter does not watch scary movies at night she will not wet the bed." "My daughter is between ages 3-7, the ages when bedwetting is common." "My daughter cannot control her bladder; there must be something wrong with her." "My daughter does not need behavioral therapy for her bedwetting problem."

A nurse is teaching a patient information related to the safe administration of common sleep medications. Which statement by the patient indicates need for further teaching from the nurse? "I must read the warnings to help me understand the potential severe allergic reactions and dangerous sleep behaviors, such as sleep-driving." "I understand that long-term use of benzodiazepine medications may actually cause additional sleeping problems." "Since I am an older adult I will take the medicine with care so as to lessen my risk of side effects." "Maybe I should take a greater dose of antidepressants since it is my first time taking them for my sleeping problems."

"Maybe I should take a greater dose of antidepressants since it is my first time taking them for my sleeping problems."

The nurse is teaching a patient about melatonin. Which statement made by the patient indicates the teaching has been effective? "Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the hypothalamus." "Melatonin regulates the circadian phase of sleep." "Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the pineal gland." "Melatonin is closely related to dark conditions." "Melatonin is a neurotransmitter involved in rapid eye movement." NOT SURE

"Melatonin regulates the circadian phase of sleep." "Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the pineal gland."

A nurse is caring for a patient who is having difficulty sleeping. The patient states that he is going through a lot of stress since he changed jobs, and is considering moving out of the city to the country. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate? "Moving to a new location, even a quieter one, may worsen your insomnia." "Perhaps taking a vacation far away would relieve your stress and help improve sleeping." "Some people sleep better if they keep the television on." "Sleeping in new locations for short periods of time will not influence sleep stages."

"Moving to a new location, even a quieter one, may worsen your insomnia."

the nurse is teaching a patient about the physiological functions involved in sleep. which statement by the patient shows a need for further teaching? -"REM sleep occurs during deep sleep and is manifested by quick scanning movements of the eyes that are associated with dreaming." "NREM sleep is associated with memory storage, learning, and increased blood flow to the brain." "During NREM sleep, growth hormone is released to repair brain cells." "During NREM sleep, cell division for skin and bone marrow renewal occurs, and energy is conserved."

"NREM sleep is associated with memory storage, learning, and increased blood flow to the brain." -REM actually

Which statement regarding common side effects should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is prescribed trazadone for insomnia? "An increased sexual desire often occurs while taking this medication." "Headache and nausea often occur; however, will improve within several months of taking this medication." "Nervousness often occurs; however, this should improve within several weeks." "Skin rashes often occur while taking this medication."

"Nervousness often occurs; however, this should improve within several weeks."

A parent of a 3-year-old is concerned about her child's sleeping habits. The child often shows resistance to going to bed, is sleeping six hours a night in a crib, and takes an hour long nap each day. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate? Select all that apply. "Children in this age group should be sleeping at least nine hours each day." "Showing resistance to bedtime is normal for this age group." "Toddlers should be out of the crib by 3 years of age." "Napping is good for a 3-year-old child as it will restore energy." "Sleep needs fluctuate with growth spurts."

"Showing resistance to bedtime is normal for this age group." "Napping is good for a 3-year-old child as it will restore energy." "Sleep needs fluctuate with growth spurts."

The nurse is teaching a patient about secondary sleep disorders. Which statement by the patient shows effective teaching? Select all that apply. "Sinus drainage may cause difficulty breathing." "Only certain illnesses associated with pain disrupt sleep." "Shortness of breath impairs the ability to sleep." "Hypothyroidism makes it difficult for a person to fall asleep." "End-stage renal disease leads to daytime sleepiness."

"Sinus drainage may cause difficulty breathing." "Shortness of breath impairs the ability to sleep." "End-stage renal disease leads to daytime sleepiness."

The nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of alcohol on sleep. Which statement by the patient shows a need for further teaching? "Three glasses of wine a day will help a person sleep." "Alcohol increases wakefulness in the last half of the night." "Large amounts of alcohol limits REM sleep." "People who drink too much may have difficulty falling asleep."

"Three glasses of wine a day will help a person sleep."

which neurotransmitters primarily influence REM sleep? NREM sleep? -Acetylcholine -Norepinephrine -Serotonin -GABA -growth hormone-releasing horomone

-ACH & norepinephrine= REM -serotonin & GABA= NREM

during which stage can sleepwalking occur? -NREM 1 -NREM2 -NREM 3 -NREM 4

-NREM4 Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, would most likely occur during the NREM 4, as it is the deepest stage of sleep

which is true about infants and newborns regarding sleep?? -an infant's sleeping pattern consist of sleeping, awakening to eat, and sleeping again -infants sleep 10-12hrs a night w/ naps during the day -grimacing is an abnormal feature of sleep for an infant -newborns should sleep in 1-2hrs blocks b/w feeding -older infants may safely roll to their stomach during sleep

-an infant's sleeping pattern consist of sleeping, awakening to eat, and sleeping again -infants sleep 10-12hrs a night w/ naps during the day -older infants may safely roll to their stomach during sleep

which factors can affect the sleep-wake cycle ? -daily routines -social commitments -alarm clocks -light-dark circles -colorful dreams

-daily routines -social commitments -alarm clocks -light-dark circles

which characteristics will a sleep-deprived person experience? -hyperactivity -violent behavior -decreased concentration -difficulty making decisions -emotionally irritable

-decreased concentration -difficulty making decisions -emotionally irritable

which events affect the quality of sleep -frequent wakening -pain -shortened REM sleep -shortened NREM sleep -obstructive sleep apnea

-frequent wakening -pain -shortened REM sleep -obstructive sleep apnea

What may occur as a result of inadequate REM sleep? Learning problems Muscle paralysis Decreased memory Release of epinephrine Increased cerebral blood flow

-learning problems -decreased memory

which increases prior to night-time sleep? -core body temperature -blood pressure -melatonin hormone levels -cortisol levels

-melatonin hormone levels

what may occur during NREM 2 sleep? -snoring -bedwetting -increase BP -release of growth hormones

-snoring

Which individual may be at risk for a sleeping disorder? 8-year-old with frequent nightmares 10-year-old who sleeps 6 hours each night with regular daytime naps 17-year-old who experiences frequent daytime sleepiness 74-year-old with a decrease in restorative sleep

10-year-old who sleeps 6 hours each night with regular daytime naps

Which bpm reading is normal for a sleeping newborn with a steady heart rate of 150 bpm while awake? Select all that apply. 160 bpm 165 bpm 140 bpm 135 bpm 120 bpm

140 bpm 135 bpm

circadian rhythms repeat every ___ hours

24

which individual requires the least amount of sleep? -2yr old -9yr old -16yr old -70yr old

70 yr old

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient with insomnia. The patient fell asleep at 5:00 and has been asleep for 30 minutes. What time would be the most appropriate for the nurse to return to provide care for this patient, while allowing him the minimum time to complete all of his sleep cycles? 5:45 6:05 7:10 9:25

7:10

Up to __ % of patients with depression report disturbed sleep

90

polysomnographic recordings of sleep show recurring patterns of approximately ___ minutes

90

Which common sleep medication categories should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is being treated for insomnia? Select all that apply. Antihistamines Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Opioids Antitussives

Antihistamines Antidepressants Benzodiazepines

Which patient is most likely in the REM sleep stage? Adult who has been asleep for 40 minutes Adolescent who awakens from a night terror Child who wets the bed Adult who is "resting his eyes"

Adolescent who awakens from a night terror

A patient who recently moved to a new location is unable to sleep and asks the nurse about over-the-counter (OTC) medications for sleep. Which drug classification should the nurse suggest to this patient to promote sleep? Antidepressant Antianxiety Antihistamines Benzodiazepines

Antihistamines

A patient reports of a restless night of sleep due to being awoken by the need to void. Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to sleep to decrease the likelihood of this occurring in the future? Providing the patient with water prior to bed Assisting the patient to the toilet prior to bed Giving the patient a partial bath prior to bed Changing the patient's linens prior to bed

Assisting the patient to the toilet prior to bed

Which sleep pattern would be common for an older adult woman? Awaken at 9:00 am and go to bed at 9:00 pm Awaken at 6:00 am and go to bed at 11:00 pm Awaken at 2:00 am and go to bed at 8:00 pm Awaken at 9:00 am and go to bed at 11:00 pm

Awaken at 6:00 am and go to bed at 11:00 pm

How are toddler and infant sleeping patterns similar? Select all that apply. Bedtime rituals are important for both toddlers and infants. Both toddlers and infants sleep 10-12 hours a day. Both toddlers and infants have established the sleep-wake cycle. Both toddlers and infants take naps during the day. Both toddlers and infants may exhibit resistance to going to bed.

Both toddlers and infants take naps during the day. Both toddlers and infants sleep 10-12 hours a day.

How are young adults and older adults sleeping patterns similar? Both young adults and older adults may awaken more at night. The first REM stage is longer for both young adults and older adults. Both young adults and older adults tend to sleep approximately six hours per night. Both young adults and older adults tend to follow the established sleep patterns from early years.

Both young adults and older adults may awaken more at night.

Which nonpharmacologic interventions done before sleep promote uninterrupted nighttime sleep? Select all that apply. Offering large meal Changing bed linens Providing skin care Providing oral care Doing partial bath

Changing bed linens Providing skin care Providing oral care Doing partial bath

Given the normal human circadian rhythm for body temperature, which pattern of body temperature might be noticed in patients between 2:00 and 4:00 am? Increase of 0.5 to 1 degree Increase of 1.5 to 2 degrees Decrease of 0.5 to 1 degree Decrease of 1.5 to 2 degrees

Decrease of 0.5 to 1 degree

Which coping mechanisms should the nurse encourage for a stressed patient with sleep deprivation? Select all that apply. Enlisting the help of friends Dealing with problems at a certain time each day Eating a favorite food Avoiding discussion of the stress-related problem Using relaxation techniques

Enlisting the help of friends Dealing with problems at a certain time each day Using relaxation techniques

What interventions related to sleep should the nurse suggest to the parent of a pediatric patient? Select all that apply. Give a warm bath Read a bedtime story Provide a favorite toy Play soft, soothing music Offer a large glass of water

Give a warm bath Read a bedtime story Provide a favorite toy Play soft, soothing music

Which non-pharmacologic intervention should the nurse initiate for a patient who is having difficulty falling asleep due to mild back pain? Giving the patient a massage Providing the patient with a warm cloth to wash the face Changing the patient's bed linens Asking the family to sit with the patient

Giving the patient a massage

Which statement characterizes nocturnal enuresis? Involuntarily urinating during the course of any given day. This condition helps the patient gradually learn to control the bladder. It is a socially disruptive condition common in childhood. Abnormal anatomy is the reason why most suffer nocturnal enuresis.

It is a socially disruptive condition common in childhood.

Which disorders are possible causes of hypersomnia? Select all that apply. Kidney disorders Diabetic acidosis Heart disease Central nervous system damage Hyperthyroidism

Kidney disorders Diabetic acidosis Central nervous system damage

Which interventions should the nurse take to promote sleep for a hospitalized patient? Select all that apply. Lower volume of telephone ringtones Limit overhead pages to emergencies only at night Monitor equipment frequently Conduct shift reports outside of the patient's room Provide privacy by drawing curtains between patients

Lower volume of telephone ringtones Limit overhead pages to emergencies only at night Monitor equipment frequently Provide privacy by drawing curtains between patients

Which supplements should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is experiencing chronic insomnia? Select all that apply. Melatonin Valerian Amitriptyline Diphenhydramine Doxylamine

Melatonin Valerian

A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep? NREM 2 NREM 3 NREM 4 REM

NREM 2`

A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep? NREM 1 NREM 2 NREM 3 REM

REM

Which does circadian rhythm affect? Select all that apply. Sleep Endocrine functions Blood pressure Growth hormone Body temperature

Sleep Endocrine functions Blood pressure Body temperature

What should the nurse suggest as a significant part of a normal bedtime routine? Select all that apply. Take hot bath Drink warm milk Physical inactivity Aromatherapy Music therapy

Take hot bath Drink warm milk Aromatherapy Music therapy

Which information should the nurse instruct a patient to include in a sleep diary? Select all that apply. Time of retiring Time required to fall asleep Activity during the afternoon hours Foods consumed within two hours of bedtime Use of an alarm clock

Time of retiring Time required to fall asleep Foods consumed within two hours of bedtime Use of an alarm clock

Which patient(s) would be most likely suffer from sleep disturbances? Select all that apply. Young adult female with marital problems Young adult male that has been married for two months Older adult male who recently lost his wife in death Child who is spending the summer away from home at camp Adult female caring for a family member with a chronic illness

Young adult female with marital problems Older adult male who recently lost his wife in death Child who is spending the summer away from home at camp Adult female caring for a family member with a chronic illness

Which medications may be effective in managing sleep disorders? Select all that apply. Antianxiety Antiemetics Antihistamine Anticoagulants Antidepressant

antianxiety antihistamine antidepressant

How are sleep deprivation and narcolepsy similar? Both carry a risk factor of obesity. Both disorders can cause hallucinations. Both are neurologic disorders. Both disorders cause a person to stop breathing during sleep.

both disorders can cause hallucinations

Which disturbance is associated with clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep? Nocturnal emission Somnambulism Narcolepsy Bruxism

bruxism

Which are examples of nervous system stimulants that disrupt the sleep cycle? Select all that apply. Cheese Coffee Cola Nuts Chocolate

coffee cola chocolate

Which condition affects REM sleep? Epileptic seizures Hyperthyroidism Coronary artery disease pain Hypothyroidism

coronary artery disease pain

A patient recovering from a serious illness, with a history of anxiety, complains having difficulty in sleeping. What additional mental health disorder should the nurse suspect in this patient? Depression Schizophrenia Dementia Bipolar disorder

depression

The nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with restless leg syndrome (RLS). Which nonpharmacologic nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote rest for this patient? Using aromatherapy each evening Suggesting several glasses of red wine each night Encouraging deep knee bends Providing a light meal high in protein

encouraging deep knee bends

The nurse is discussing night terrors with a patient. Which statement made by the patient shows proper understanding? "Night terrors occur during light sleep." "Fever tends to trigger night terrors." "Night terrors are more common in the early morning." "Girls are more likely to suffer from night terrors."

fever trends to trigger nigth terrors

which factors cause sleep disturbances in older adults? -recurrent nightmares -frequent awakenings -nocturnal emissions -half of sleep in lighter stages

frequent awakenings

What night-time snack is appropriate for a patient with a history of insomnia? Chips and salsa Chocolate ice cream Graham crackers Pizza

graham crackers

A patient with a liver disorder has been unable to function at work for the past few months due to excessive daytime sleepiness. The patient sleeps nine hours each night, but still has trouble getting up for work. What condition does the nurse suspect for this patient? Sleep apnea Narcolepsy Restless leg syndrome Hypersomnia

hypersomnia

Which disorder is the most common type of dyssomnia? Insomnia Narcolepsy Hypersomnia Restless leg syndrome

insomnia

A nurse caring for a hospitalized patient with insomnia should implement which recommendation to help the patient sleep? Make the room dark during the day Keep the patient's door closed Move the patient to a private room Turn up the thermostat to provide warmth

keep the patient's door closed

Which long-term medication(s) should be prescribed for a patient who has a history of insomnia? Zaleplon Diuretic Ambien Lunesta

lunesta

A patient with no known medical conditions is complaining that she is tired all the time and unable to stay awake. She is falling asleep while at work, has vivid hallucinations upon awakening, and brief episodes of paralysis at the beginning of sleep. The nurse suspects that this patient is suffering from which condition? Apnea Insomnia Narcolepsy Hypersomnia

narcolepsy

Which symptoms of low estrogen levels interfere with a woman's sleep? Select all that apply. Leg tingling Frequent vomiting Night sweats Daytime fatigue Vivid hallucinations

night sweats daytime fatigue

Which patient has the greatest risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)? Underweight, adult male with decreased neuromuscular coordination Thin, female child with a recessed chin who has a family history of OSA Obese, older adult female who has been hospitalized several times within the past year Obese, adult male smoker with a large neck circumference

obese, adult male smoker with a large neck circumference

Which bedtime snack should the nurse offer to promote sleep? Chips with salsa Cup of black tea Chocolate pudding Piece of oat bran toast

piece of oat bran toast

Which dyssomnia is characterized by a prolonged lack of sleep of good quality and inadequate quantity? Sleep apnea Sleep deprivation Narcolepsy Insomnia

sleep deprivation

Which parasomnia may be associated with self-injury and sleep-related violence? Somnambulism Nocturnal enuresis Sleep terrors Bruxism

somnambulism

Which type of exercise should the nurse suggest to the patient just before bed to promote sleep? Yoga Weight lifting Brisk walking Basketball

yoga