SHRM - Post-test Review
Validity
Extent to which a measurement instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
Indirect compensation
Granting compensatory time off to a salaried employee for extra hours worked at a convention
State Engagement
Influenced by workplace conditions or practices
Dedicated HR Model
Multiple units
Regiocentric
Operations managed regionally
Balanced scorecard
Performance management tool that depicts an organization's overall performance, as measured against goals, lagging indicators, and leading indicators.
Geocentric
Seen as one enterprise, work together
Centralized HR Model
Serves the entire organization
Task migration
This term is used to describe traditionally higher-level leadership responsibilities being transferred to leaders at lower levels?
Ethnocentric
Tight control by HQ
Large power distance culture
Training activities that require participants to debate employment practices may be difficult for employees from what type of culture?
Alternative despute resolution
Umbrella term for the various approaches and techniques, other than litigation, that can be used to resolve a dispute.
Replacement planning
"Snapshot" assessment of the availability of qualified backup for key positions.
Career planning
(Individuals Needs) Actions and activities that individuals perform in order to give direction to their work lives.
Shared Services HR Model
A menu of options
Activity Based Budget
Allocated based on strategic activity
Residual risk
Amount of uncertainty that remains after all risk management efforts have been exhausted.
Duty of care
An employer takes all steps reasonably possible to ensure employee health and safety.
ADDIE model
Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation
Decentralized HR Model
At each unit/ location
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
High-context culture
(Non-verbal) Society or group characterized by complex, usually long-standing networks of relationships; members share a rich history of common experience, so the way they interact and interpret events is often not apparent to outsiders.
Rules of Law
Ancient concept that no one is above the law
Return on Investment (ROI)
Assessing the value of a action. Net program benefit/Total incurred cost X 100
Functional HR Model
At the HQ
Religious Law
Based on religious beliefs and conventions
Remuneration surveys
Instruments that collect information on prevailing market compensation and benefits practices
Situational Leadership
Leadership style depends on the situation
Zero-based Budget
Objectives and operations are given a ranking
Trait Engagement
Personality-based elements that make an individual predisposed to being engaged
Near-shoring
Practice of contracting a part of business processes or production to an external company in a country that is relatively close (e.g., within the same own region).
Green-circle rates
Situations in which an employee's pay is below the minimum of the range.
Broadbanding Advantages
Support the de-layering efforts of an organization.
Nominal Group Technique
Technique in which participants each suggest ideas through a series of rounds and then discuss the items, eliminate redundancies and irrelevancies, and agree on the importance of the remaining items.
Delphi technique
Technique that progressively collects information from a group without physically assembling the contributors
Judgmental forecasts
Use of information from past and present to predict future conditions.
Ombudsperson
a person who has the power to investigate reported complaints and help achieve fair settlements
Career management
(Org. Needs) Preparing, implementing, and monitoring employees' career paths, with a primary focus on the goals and needs of the organization.
Employee Life Cycle
1. Recruitment 2. Integration - Settle in to position 3. Development - Engagement & Retention 4. Transition - Resignation
Transaction Engagement
Employees appear to be engaged but they are not
Employee survey
Instruments that collect and assess information on employees' attitudes and perceptions
Employee surveys
Instruments that collect and assess information on employees' attitudes and perceptions (such as engagement, job satisfaction, etc.) of the work environment or employment conditions.
Trait Leadership
Leaders are born, not made. Wisdom and political skills.
Risk control
Measure/Actions taken to manage a risk's occurrence or impact
PESTLE
Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental
Secondary risk
Risk created by a risk management tactic
Red-circle rates
Situations in which employees' pay is above the range maximum.
Low-context culture
(Verbal) Society in which relationships have less history; individuals know each other less well and don't share a common database of experience, so communication must be very explicit.
Six Sigma
A business process for improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction
Cultural relativism
Concept that argues that ethical behavior is determined by local culture, laws, and business practices.
Behavioral Leadership
Leader focus action on employees or job.
Incremental Budget
Prior budget is the basis for the next budget
Root Cause Analysis
Starts with a result and then works backward to identify fundamental cause
SWOT
Strength, Weakness, - INTERNAL Opportunities, Threats - EXTERNAL
Determinism
The assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment
CSR Strategic Process
1. Executive Commitment 2. Assessment 3. Infrastructure Creation 4. Plan Implementation 5. Measurement, Reporting, and Evaluation 6. Reassessment and Revision
Civil Law
Based on written codes by legislative decisions
Organizational Value
Beliefs and principles defined by an organization to direct and govern its employees' behavior.
Dual career ladders
Career development programs that identify meaningful career paths for professional and technical people outside traditional management roles.
70-20-10 Ratio
Challenging assignments (70%), developmental relationships (20%), and coursework and training (10%).
Mission Statement
Concise outline of an organization's strategy, specifying the activities it intends to pursue and the course its management has charted for the future.
Vision Statement
Description of what an organization hopes to attain and accomplish in the future, which guides it toward that defined direction.
Variance Analysis
Difference between planned and actual performance
Diversity
Differences in people's characteristics (such as socioeconomic status, beliefs, personality, thought processes, work style, race, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, job function, etc.).
Trend Analysis
Different points in the (variance)
Transfer of learning
Effective and continuing on-the-job application of the knowledge and skills gained through a training experience.
Behavioral Engagement
Effort employees put into their jobs
Chosen officer
Employee selects arbitrator from designated group
Reliability
Extent to which a measurement instrument provides consistent results.
Inclusion
Extent to which each person in an organization feels welcomed, respected, supported, and valued as a team member.
Center of excellence (COE)
HR structural alternative established as an independent department that provides services within a focused area to internal clients.
Shared services HR model
HR structural alternative in which centers with specific areas of expertise develop HR policies in those areas; each unit can then select what it needs from a menu of these services.
Remuneration surveys
Instruments that collect information on prevailing market compensation and benefits practices (including starting wage rates, base pay, pay ranges, statutory and market cash payments, variable compensation, and paid time off).
Emergent Leadership
Leader will gradually and naturally emerge
Common Law
Legal system based on custom and precedent
Offshoring
Method by which an organization relocates its processes or production to an international location through subsidiaries or third-party affiliates.
Arbitration
Method of dispute resolution by which disputing parties agree to be bound by the decision of one or more impartial persons to whom they submit their dispute for final determination.
Mediation
Method of nonbinding dispute resolution by which a neutral third party tries to help disputing parties reach a mutually agreeable decision; also called conciliation.
Balanced Scorecard
Predicts future performance
Outsourcing
Process by which an organization contracts with third-party vendors to provide selected services/activities, instead of hiring new employees.
Benchmarks
Process by which an organization identifies performance gaps and sets goals for performance improvement, by comparing its data, performance levels, and/or processes against those of other organizations.
Job enlargement
Process of broadening a job's scope by adding different tasks to the job.
Dilemma reconciliation
Process of charting a course through cultural differences. (Trompenaars)
Succession planning
Process of implementing a talent management strategy for identifying and fostering the development of high-potential employees or other job candidates who, over time, may move into leadership positions of increased responsibility.
Job enrichment
Process of increasing a job's depth by adding responsibilities to the job.
Strategic planning
Process of setting goals and designing a path toward organizational success.
Career development
Progression through a series of employment stages characterized by relatively unique issues, themes, and tasks.
Ratio Analysis
Relationship between data, measure an organization's financial health
Onshoring
Relocation of business processes or production to a lower-cost location inside the same country as the business.
Single designated officer
Specific individual chosen by senior management to conduct investigations and dispute resolution.
Regression Anaylsis
Strength of the relationship between one response and one or more independent variables.
Polycentric
Subsidiaries act as own entity
Learning Management System (LMS)
System that holds course content information and has the capability of tracking and managing employee course registrations, career development, and other employee development activities.
Senario/What-if Analysis
Tests possible effects
Formula Budget
Varying percentage of budget / adjustment
Big Data
Volume, Variety, Velocity