Sigfigs and Scientific Notation

2x10^0

2

amount decimals to report to on 50mL burette

2

how many decimals should you report to on a standard meter stick?

2

how many decimals should you report to on a 10 mL cylinder?

2 (hundredths)

227 to scientific notation

2.27x10^2

567,000,000 to scientific notation

5.67x10^8

perform the operations and answer in scientific and standard notation (4x10^5) / (8x10^-3)

= .5x10^8 >500,000,000

perform the operations and answer in scientific and standard notation (6x10^4) + (3x10^3)

= 6.3x10^4 > 63,000

what did the doppler effect teach us about the universe?

most objects in space are red-shifting meaning they are moving away from us, the universe is expanding

perform the operations and answer in scientific and standard notation (4x10^3) x (3x10^5) / (3x10^-2)

- (12x10^8) / (3x10^-2) =4x10^10 >40,000,000,000

significant digits rounding rules for adding and subtracting

-final answer must have same number of decimal points as number with the least decimal points -ex) 2.2 + 4.33 = 6.53 > 6.5

3x10^-5

0.00003

how many decimals should you report to on a 50mL cylinder?

1 (tenths)

A faucet drips one drop every 8 seconds. How many mLs of water will be collected after 4 days? 20.0 drops = 1.00 mL

1. convert 4 days to seconds (96days) x (60 mins) x (60secs) = 345,600 2. divide 345,600secs by 1 drop/8secs = 43,200 3. divide 43,200drops by 20drops to find total amount of mLs =2,160mLs

household bleach can be used to disinfect water for drinking. it is recommended that 3 drops of bleach be added to each liter of water. how much water can a 4.0 liter jug of bleach be able to treat? 20 drops = 1mL

1. convert 4.0 liters to mLs = 4,000mL 2. multiply 4,000 mLs by 20 drops =80,000 3. divide 80,000drops by 3drops = 26,666.7L (round to tenths places because it asked for L) *** if asked for mls in final answer and calculator gives a decimal, round to hundredths)***

0.000000000607 to scientific notation (9 zeros)

6.07x10^-9

9x10^12 to standard notation

9,000,000,000,000

what is the doppler effect?

a change in sound frequency or wavelength of a wave caused by motion of the sound source, motion of the listener, or both -ex) as an ambulance moves closer to the listener the pitch increases until it passes by, which it then decreases

rule for multiplying numbers in SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

ex) (2x10^2) (3x10^3) = 6x10^5 1. multiply leading coefficients 2. write x10 3. add exponents

rule for adding/subtracting numbers in SN with SAME POWERS

ex) (6x10^3) - (3x10^3) = 3x10^3 1. subtract/add leading coefficients 2. write x10 3. keep power

rule for dividing numbers in SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

ex) (6x10^6) / (3x10^2) = 2x10^4 1. divide leading coefficients 2. write x10 3. subtract exponents

rule for adding/subtracting numbers in SN with DIFFERENT POWERS

ex) (8x10^3) + (6x10^2) = (8 + .6)x10^3 > 8.6x10^3 1. change power and make them equal (move power of smaller exponent wherever necessary w/o changing value of #) 2. add/subtract the leading coefficients 3. write x10 4. write new equivalent powers

sigfigs multiplication/division rule

final answer must have same # of sigfigs as the digit with the least number of sigfigs in calculation -ex) 2.2 x 4.33 = 9.526 >9.5

what is nucleosynthesis?

formation of heavier elements from lighter ones -mostly occurs in nature by nuclear fusion in the core of stars

how are heavy elements past iron made?

fusion requires energy rather than releasing it after iron, therefore, supernovas are how they are made