Skeletal System

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

spongy bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

marrow

The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone.

flat bones

These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.

Periosteum

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

endochondral bones

bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue

intramembranous bones

broad, flat bones of the skull

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

vertebral column

cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, sacrum, coccyx

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

skull (part of axial skeleton)

cranium, face

lower limbs

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

epiphaseal plate

growth plate

upper limbs

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

hyoid bone (part of the axial skeleton)

hyoid bone, larynx

pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

Endoosteum

lining of the medullary cavity

long bones

longer than they are wide

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

bone remodeling

ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

pectoral girdle

scapula and clavicle

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

short bones

shorter than they are wide

Osteon

structural unit of compact bone

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

thoracic cage

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, ribs

irregular bones

vertebrae and facial bones