skin

in the fourth step of wound healing , The stratum _____ regenerates as the epidermis is regenerated

epithelial

Friction ridges are located on the skin in four regions of the body:___,____,___ and _____

fingers palms soles toes

healing of second degree burns take approximately ____ weeks , and slight scarring may occur

2-4

what is the function of skin

* calcitriol production * barrier to water loss *heat regulation

in 1st degree burns, the healing time averages about ____ days, and typically no scarring results

3-5

scientifically thinning of the hair on the scalp is called

alopecia

the mammary gland of the breast are modified ____ sweat glands

apocrine

the epidermis lacks?

blood vessel collagen adipose tissue

the root and shaft of a hair consist of ____ epithelial cells, while the hair bulb contains ___ epithelial cells

dead living

nerve fiber in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ____ and _____

dermis epidermis

the cell of the stratum corneum contain large amount of protein _______

keratin

there are two major regions of the dermis: a superficial____ layer and a deeper ____ layer

papillary reticular

In the third step of wond healing, the cut blood vessels______ and grow in the wound

regenerate

the sebaceous glands of the skin secrete an oily material called?

sebum

sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ______ during puberty in both sexes.

sex hormones

the major functions of merocrine sweet glands are

thermoregulation secretion

nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis. the cells that form the nails are densely packed and filled with parallel fibers of hard ______ protein

corneum keratin

because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, major concern with third degree burns is ____

dehydration

in the 2nd step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ____ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ____ into the body

edge pathogents

since there are no blood vessels in the edipermis where does it supply of nutrients come from?

blood vessels in dermis

each dermal papilla contains the ___ that supply nutrients to the cell of the ____

capillaries epidermis

another name for the skin is the _____ membrane

Cutaneous

the dermis is made up of two types of connective tissue:_____ and dense____

areolar irregular

in the first step of wound healing, cut blood vessels release ____ into the wound.

blood

a hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ____ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

blood vessels

in the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basal obscures the underlying_____.

blood vessels

epidermis lacks

blood vessels adipose tissue collagens fibers

among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ___

cold pressure vibration heat

line of cleavage(or tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominant orientation of _______ fiber bundles

collagen

the work reticular means "network" and refers to the web like meshwork of ____ fibers

collagen

lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of ____ fiber bundles in the ____

collagen dermis

in the dermis of the skin _____ fibers impart tensile strength while _____ fiber allow some stretch and contraction in the dermis during normal movement

collagen elastic

the cell of a hair follicles walls are organized into two principal concentric layers: an outer ______ tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis, and ab inner _____ tissue root sheath which originates from the epidermis

connective tissue epithelial tissue

the reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under the microscope is due to shrinkage of the ____ during slide preparation while the intercellular attachment called _____ and cytoskeletal elements remain intact

cytoplasm desmosomes

because an entire portion of skin has been lost and water cannot be retained in the area a major concern with third degree burns is _____

dehydration

the reticular layer consists promarily of ______ ______ connective tissue through which large bundles of_____ fibers project in all direction

dense irregular collagen

recall that all epithelia including epidermis are avascular.therefore, blood vessels with the _____ must supply nutrient to the epidermis

dermis

epidermal derivatives are located in the ____ and may project through the _____ to the surface. The exposed parts of nails and hair composed of _____, keratinized cell

dermis epidermis dead

the spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of ___ which function to hold these non-dividing cells together

dermosomes

Merocrine sweat production _____ during the aging process

diminishes

The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both ____ and ____ exposure

heredity light

the most numerous cells of the epidermis are ____ and the protein they produce is called ____

keratinocytes keratin

in thick skin the layers of epidermis that contain dead keratinocytes are the stratum_____ and Stratum______

lucidum corneum

Scattered amoung keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigments producing cells called _____. these cells manufacture the pigment _____ and package the pigment into granules called ____

melancytes melanin melanosome

the two type of sweat glands in the skin are _____ sweat glands and ____ sweat glands

merocrine apocrine

the nervous is commonly referred to as a ______. It is a harmless, localized growth of _____ forming cells

mole melanin

the appendages of the epidermis are hair,____,___glands and ____ glands.

nails sebaceous sweat

a fully keratinized cell is dead because it has neither a _____ nor ______.

nucleus organelles

during the process of keratinization, the ____ and organelles of the cell disintegrate and the cell start to die. also their membranes become thicker and less _____ to water.

nucleus permeable

hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding present within _____ blood cells. Upon binding oxygen, hemoglobin exhibit A bright ___ color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals

red

capillary hemangioma or 'strawberry-colored birthmarks,' appear in the skin as bring ____ to deep ______ nodules that usually disappear in childhood

red purple

damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two way: _____ and ______ formation

regeneration fibrosis

In the skin the largest blood vessels lie along the border between the ____ layer of the dermis and the ____ layer below it . Smaller vessels branch into the dermis to supply the hair follicles,____ glands,______ receptors, and other structures located there

reticular subcutaneous sweat sensory

apocrine sweat glands are classified as ___ glands

simple coiled tubular

epidermal dendritic cells are found in the stratum ______ and stratum ______

spinosum granulosum

As an individual ages, the skin repair processes take longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of _____ cells

stem

in thick skin there is an extra layer of epidermal cell. this layer is called______

stratum lucidum

which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells

stratum spinosum

on many parts of the body the components of the dermis include blood vessels,______ glands,______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings and smooth muscle tissue

sweat sebaceous

the skin houses two types of general exocrine glands: _____ gland and ______ GLAND

sweat gland sebaceous gland

scattered among the cells of the stratum basal are cells that are sensitive to touch. these sensory cells are called ____ cell

tactile

there are three main variations in the epidermis. these variations are _____,_____, and skin markings

thickness coloration

the release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

transpiration

drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer becomes its excessive _____ network promotes rapid absorption

vascular

cold can result in blood vessel ____, in the dermis to _____ blood flow which allows the body to conserve heat.

vasoconstriction reduce

Some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include ____ follicles,_______ glands,_____ cells, and muscle fibers

hair follicles exocrine glands nerves

repetitive mechanical stresses applied to the integument stimulate mitotic activity in the____ cell of the stratum___ , resulting in thickening of the epidermis and improved ability to withstand stress...

stem basale

the stratum lucid is found only in

thick skin

as facial skin ages the skin tends to form____ and becomes less____

wrinkles resilient

the net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of______ away from the ______ of the body

blood periphery

body temperature is influenced by two structures located in the dermis ___ and ____

blood vessels sweat glands

the keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein____ and intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation

eleidin

gray hair results from the gradual reduction of _____ production within the hair follicle, while white hair signifies the lack of ___ entirely

vasodilation

which hair type is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body?

vellus

at puberty terminal hair replaces ____ hair in the _____ and pubic regions of the body

vellus hair axillary

describe skin's form and functions:

*self renewing *washable *indicator of health *barrier

migration of keratinocyte from the stratum basal to the stratum corner takes about _____ weeks . the dead keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corner layer for a additional ___ week. overall, keratinocytes are present for about _____ mouth following their formation

2 2 1