SLIDE 6: The United Nations
•maintaining international peace and security, •developing friendly relations among nations, •achieving international co-operation, and •being a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
•The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked with
English, French
•The ability of candidates to converse in both ----& ---- is also considered an unofficial qualification for the office.
New York City
•The offer was accepted, UN headquarters building was constructed in ----in 1949 and 1950 beside the East River on land purchased by an 8.5 million dollar donation from John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
Security Council
•The office has evolved into a dual role of an administrator of the UN organization and a diplomat and mediator addressing disputes between member states and finding consensus to global issues
193
Currently UN has ---- members.
two-thirds majority
Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, require a -----
simple majority
Decisions on other questions are by ----
True
Each country has one vote. Some Member States in arrear of payment may be granted the right to vote.
21
•The Assembly has adopted its own rules of procedure and elects its President and --- Vice-Presidents for each session.
One major fallacies of IO's is
---- that theyre merely amalhgamations of various state interests.
NGOs
---- though not having formal state power, can lobby individual states to behave in a certain way.
Transnational corporations
----- can likewise have effects on world governance.
US Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt
----- suggested the name "United Nations"
one-size-fits-all
IO powers can be sources of great good like promote human rights or great harm, such as in the IMF's "----" approach when its economists make recommendations to developing nations.
security
IO's can fix meanings such as in the concepts of "-----" as referring to safety from military violence as well as from envirenmental harm.
norms
IO's have the poiwer to diffuse ----, which are accepted codes of conduct that may not be strict law, but nevertheless produce regularity in behavior.
True
IO's have the power of classifications; they can invent and apply categories such as "refugees."
Powers of International Organizations
IO's have the power of classifications; they can invent and apply categories such as "refugees." IO's can fix meanings such as in the concepts of "security" as referring to safety from military violence as well as from envirenmental harm. IO's have the poiwer to diffuse norms, which are accepted codes of conduct that may not be strict law, but nevertheless produce regularity in behavior. IO powers can be sources of great good like promote human rights or great harm, such as in the IMF's "one-size-fits-all" apprtoach when its economists make recommendations to developing nations.
True
IO's however can take on lives of their own
Trusteeship Council
In setting up an International Trusteeship System, the Charter established the ----- as one of the main organs of the United.
talk shops
In the 1960s and the 1970s scholars believed IO's are just "----".
Peace Palace in The Hague
International Court of Justice is based in the ----, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law, a private centre for the study of international law.
15
International Court of Justice is composed of -- judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation.
Bentham and Kant
Internationalists like -----imagined the possibility of a world government, nothing of the sort exists today;
Powers of International Organizations
Micahel N. Barnett, Martha Finnemore
•Bengali •Hindi •Malay •Portuguese •Swahili •Turkish
New proposed languages of the UN
True
No organization can militarily compel a state to obey predetermined global rules.
China France Russian Federation United Kingdom United States.
•The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council --
five-year
Secretaries-General serve for--- terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has held office for more than two terms; most have served two terms.
15
Security Council has ---Members, and each Member has one vote. Under the Charter of the United Nations, all Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions.
Charter
The ---- provides for the Secretary-General to be appointed by the General Assembly upon the nomination of the Security Council.
Secretary-General
The ----- acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN.
September to December
The Assembly meets from ----- each year, and thereafter from January to August, as required.
Palau
•The Trusteeship Council suspended its operations on 1 November 1994, a month after the independence of ---, the last remaining United Nations trust territory.
to adjudicate disputes among states. The court has heard cases related to war crimes, illegal state interference, ethnic cleansing, and other issues.
The ICJ's primary purpose is:
89 to 2
•The U.S. Senate, by a vote of ---, gave its consent to the ratification of the UN Charter on July 28, 1945.
ECOSOC
•The UN Charter established ---- in 1945 as one of the six main organs of the United Nations.
Trusteeship Council
The UN assigned to it the task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System.
Security Council
takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. •It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement. can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security.
self-government, independence
The aims of the Trusteeship System have been fulfilled to the extent that all Trust Territories have attained ---- or ---, either as separate States or by joining neighbouring independent countries.
International Court of Justice
•The ---, which has its seat in The Hague, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence.
The main goals of the System: (Trusteeship Council)
Secretary-General
The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's "chief administrative officer"
True
The selection of Secretary-General is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council.
True
There is no one organization where states are accountable to.
Economic and Social Council
•The ---- is at the heart of the United Nations system to advance the three dimensions of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental.
International Court of Justice
can also be called upon by other UN organs to provide advisory opinions. •It is the only organ that is not located in New York.
UN Secretariat
•The ---- is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by the Deputy Secretary-General and a staff of international civil servants worldwide.
Security Council
•The ----- has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.
January 1, 1942
first official use of the term "United Nations" occurred on ---- with the Declaration by the United Nations.
China France USSR UK United States
five permanent members of the Security Council
wartime Allied conferences
idea for the UN, elaborated in declarations signed at the --------in Moscow and Tehran in 1943.
International Organization
is an organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization and NATO.
Trusteeship Council
is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and, in consultation with the Administering Authority, to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories.
•Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic) •Chinese(Written character: Simplified Chinese) •English (British English with Oxford spelling) •French •Russian •Spanish
official languages of the UN
Global governance
refers to various intersecting processes that create global order.
General Assembly
•The ----- is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.
Article 99 of the charter states that the Secretary-General can bring to the Security Council's attention
•"any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security",
Article 5 (MEMBERSHIP)
•A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.
Article 6 (MEMBERSHIP)
•A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
General Assembly
•Comprising all 193 Members of the United Nations, it provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter.
alliance
•During WW II, the Allies used the term "United Nations" to refer to their ----.
General Assembly
•Established in 1945 , the ----occupies a central position as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations.
Norwegian Trygve Lie
•For instance, figures like Charles de Gaulle, Dwight Eisenhower, and Sir Anthony Eden were considered for the first Secretary-General position, but were rejected in favor of the uncontroversial ----.
elaborate the plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Estate in Washington, D.C.
•From August to October 1944, representatives of the U.S., United Kingdom, France, USSR, and China met to ------
True
•High-profile candidates are often touted for the job (as secretary general), but are almost always rejected as unpalatable to some.
U.S.
•In December 1945, the Senate and the House of Representatives, by unanimous votes, requested that the UN make its headquarters in the ----
True
•In practice, the Secretary-General cannot be a national of any of the Permanent Members of the Security Council.
General Assembly
•It also plays a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law.
Economic and Social Council
•It is the central platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking, forging consensus on ways forward, and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals. •It is also responsible for the follow-up to major UN conferences and summits.
UN Secretariat
•It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by UN bodies for their meetings. •It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.
United Nations
•It was established after World War II, with the aim of preventing future wars, and succeeded the ineffective League of Nations.
Article 4 (MEMBERSHIP)
•Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations. •The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
True
•Most Secretaries-General are compromise-candidates from middle powers and with little prior fame.
Article 3 (MEMBERSHIP)
•The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.
January 9, 1951.
•UN HQ officially opened on ----- The land is now considered international territory.
•"any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security",
•a phrase that Secretaries-General since Trygve Lie have interpreted as giving the position broad scope for action on the world stage.