SMARTBOOK- Cell Structure

Select all of the following that are functions of organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Allow for high concentrations of biochemicals only in certain cell areas, keep related biochemicals in close proximity to each other, improve efficiency of cell functions

The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see are about __________ in size.

0.2 milimeters

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of __________ are assembled.

ribosomes

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

In 1660, the scientist Robert Hooke was the first person to

see the outlines of cells

A __________ cell can exchange materials with the environment more efficiently than can a ___________ cell.

small, large

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes , and membrane components are produced and stored in the ____________ endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth

What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Folds in the membrane of an organelle provides tremendous ______________ for cellular reactions without significantly increasing the volume of the organelle.

surface area

Select all of the characteristics of organelles.

surrounded by membranes, studded with membrane proteins, and contain distinct proteins

In a cell, _____________ is genetic information of the cell, and RNA plays a role in the production of __________.

DNA and proteins

Two types of electron microscopes are ___________ electron microscopes, which pass electrons through a specimen, and ________ electron microscopes, which beam electrons over the surface of a metal-coated specimen.

transmission and scanning

Determine the location of each ribosome based upon the destination of the proteins that it manufactures.

Free-floating ribosome- Proteins remain in the cell. Ribosome on the rough ER- Proteins become part of the cell membrane or are secreted from the cell.

In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in the black circle indicated by the arrow is called the

Golgi apparatus

Put the following steps in order for making a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell, beginning with the first step at the top of the list.

In the nucleus, genes The mRNA exits the nucleus The mRNA binds to ribosome The vesicle delivers the protein The vesicle fuses

In this illustration, what are the small, purple, circular structures indicated by the red arrows that are on the outer surface of the nucleus?

Nuclear pores

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the

Nucleus

Select all of the following that are examples of high surface area being advantageous to an organism.

Pollen grains with extensions in a wind-pollinate plant, large surface area in fish gills, large leaves in a light poor environment

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called

vesicles

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

vesicles

The cell structure that manufacture proteins is called a

Ribosome

What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

Robert Hooke

Proteins that will be exported from the cell are synthesized by which of the following cellular components?

Rough ER

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s.

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. All organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells originate from preexisting cells.

Select all of the drawbacks of electron microscopy

The microscopes are expensive, all images are black and white, specimens must be killed prior to viewing them

What type of microscope has the highest resolution and can resolve objects less than 1 Angstrom apart?

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

True of false: A ribosome's location determines the fate of the proteins that it produces.

True

True or false: Most cells are smaller than the unaided human eye can see.

Trye

True or false? Most cells have a small sized that is less than 0.1 mm in diameter to maximize surface area relative to volume.

Trye

Select the three scientists that proposed the three components of the cell theory in the mid-1800s.

Virchow, Schleiden, Schwann

What is correct description of a confocal microscope?

White or laser light is focused through a lens, and the image passes through a pinhole

A(n) ___________ is the smallest most basic unit of life and can function as one or many working together.

cell

The __________ theory states that all life is composed of one or more cells, which are fundamental units of all life.

cell

What is the smallest unit of life that can function independently?

cell

All living things consist of one or more ____________.

cells

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of

cells

What feature enables eukaryotic cells to keep biochemicals and related structures in close proximity and increase efficiency within a relatively large cell volume?

compartmentalization

What type of light microscope uses two or more lenses to focus visible light through a living or preserved specimen?

compound microscope

The two-layered nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of a cell from the

cytoplasm

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow are the three scientists credited with formulating the components of the

Cell theory

What cell shape has the more efficient exchange of materials between the cell's interior and exterior?

Cell with more surface area relative to volume

The requirement that specimens be killed and chemically fixed is a limitation of

electron microscopy

The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ___________ system of a eukaryotic cell.

endomembrane

What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

endoplasmic reticulum

The ___________ includes a fluid matrix of dissolved substances and also includes organelles and the cytoskeleton. It is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Cytoplasm, RNA, DNA, ribosomes

The digestive ________ that end up inside lysosomes are made in the rough ER, and then the Golgi apparatus packages them into vesicles, forming lysosomes.

enzymes

A small, cube-shaped object has a surface area to volume ratio that is ______ that of a large, cube-shaped object.

greater than

Select all of the following that are found in the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane.

ions and enzymes, Organelles and cytoskeleton

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

light microscope

All cells have a cell ___________ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

membrane

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.

nuclear envelope, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum

The __________ found within the nuclear envelope are specialized channels that are composed of proteins and that allow the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus.

nuclear pores

What structure is the red circle in this image of nucleus?

nucleolus

What prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted by blue color in the picture?

nucleus

What structure is depicted by the two layers highlighted in yellow in this picture of the nucleus?

Nuclear envelope

What is the function of a ribosome?

Makes proteins

Select all of the following that are examples in which the surface area to volume of cells is increased.

Nerve cells are long and thin, red blood cells have a flattened and thin shape, amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane

_________ microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object the exterior texture.

Scanning electron

Select all of the drawbacks of electron microscopy.

Specimens must be killed prior to viewing them, all images are black and white, the microscopes are expensive

Match the following cellular features found in all cells with their correct function in the cell. Ribosome- Cytoplasm- Cell membrane- DNA-

Structures that manufacture proteins All cell contents except the nucleus Lipid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment The cells genetic information