SmartBook Chapter 1: The Human Organism
Identify characteristics of life
Organization, metabolism, reproduction, development, growth, and responsiveness
Identify examples of the "responsiveness" characteristic of humans.
When environmental temperatures rise, sweat glands start secreting sweat. After a meal, high blood glucose levels cause the pancreas to secrete insulin.
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain
a relatively stable internal condition
The cavity that houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and spleen is the
abdominal cavity
Studying the structure of the heart is an example of
anatomy
The organ system that transports nutrients and wastes throughout the body is the _____ system.
cardiovascular
Cytology examines the surface feature of
cells
The term that means towards the head is
cephalic
What portion of a feedback mechanism carries out a response to change a body variable?
effector
The thyroid gland, adrenal glands and ovaries are organs of the
endocrine system
In the anatomical position, the palms of the body are facing
forward
The plane that cuts the body lengthwise and separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is called
frontal (coronal)
Physiology is the study of the ______ of biological organisms and their parts.
function
The field that focuses on bodily structures that can be observed without the aid of a microscope is
gross
A structure located below another (closer to the feet) is _____ to it
inferior
The system that regulates body temperature and helps to produce vitamin D is the _____ system.
integumentary
Organization, metabolism, growth, development, reproduction and responsiveness are recognized as the six characteristics of
life
The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the
mediastinum
The plane that cuts through the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves is
midsagittal (medial)
Negative-feedback mechanisms are ______ commonly involved in maintenance of homeostasis than positive-feedback mechanisms.
more
Movement and maintaining posture are functions of what body system?
muscular system
Bodily changes are detected and responses are activated that reverse the change and restore stability and preserve normal body function during
negative feedback
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue make up a structure. This structure would be considered a(n)
organ
A microscopic structure within a cell such as lysosome that carries out individual cell functions is a(n)
organelle
The membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura
The cavity surrounds the heart but not the lungs is referred to as
pericardial
The pleural cavity is filled wit
pleural fluid
Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel. Platelets secrete various substances. Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel. This is an example of ______ feedback.
positive
The discipline of anatomy that studies the body by area, such as the head, leg or back is called
regional anatomy
The system that controls the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood of the lungs is the ______ system.
respiratory
The characteristic of living organisms that accounts for their ability to react to changes in the internal or external environment is called
responsiveness
Production of blood cells is a function of the ______ system.
skeletal
A structure located above another (closer to the top of the head) is ______ to it.
superior
The study of external body structures to locate deeper tissues/organs is termed
surface anatomy
An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n)
tissue
The word "anatomy" means
to cut up
The thorax, abdomen and pelvis are regions of the body ______
trunk
Which organ system removes waste products from blood?
urinary system
Indicate the two terms that mean toward the front of the human body or body part.
ventral and anterior
The stomach is covered with a ______ membrane.
visceral
What serous membrane covers the actual surface of the organs found in a cavity?
visceral