Smartbook Chapter 6

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential amino acid

True or false: Adults need to consume abundant amounts of protein in order to meet the body's protein needs.

False

True or false: Amino acid absorption is unrelated to protein denaturation.

False

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False

True or false: DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.

False

True or false: Lentils (a type of legume) supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

False

True or false: Lentils (a type of legume) supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids. True false question.

False

True or false: Most enzymes are lipids.

False

True or false: The presence of proteins in the blood causes edema.

False

True or false: The risk of death from chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.

False

True or false: There is very little risk involved in taking amino acids as supplements.

False

Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver?

Kwashiorkor

______ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."

Kwashiorkor

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?

Marasmus

Which of the following individuals requires positive protein balance?

Middle-aged adult recovering from an injury Older adult recovering from an illness Adolescent boy during growth spurt

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start (top of the list) to finish (bottom of the list).

Partially Partially/CCK CCK Peptides

Which of the following are examples of legumes?

Peanuts Lentils Garden peas

_____ proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

Plant

______ proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

Plant

______ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat.

Plant

What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?

Protein

Which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?

Protein equilibrium

True or false: If adequate amounts of essential amino acids are not consumed, a person's health will deteriorate.

True

True or false: Proteins contribute to immune function.

True

True or false: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.

True

An error in the DNA code results the incorrect sequence of

amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Most ______ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.

animal

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in foods of ______ origin.

animal

In order for amino acids to be available for absorption, proteins must be ______ during digestion.

denatured

Amino acids can be metabolized to provide energy, but this only occurs

during prolonged endurance exercise. during calorie restriction.

A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

essential

There are nine ______ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

essential

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are examples of

essential amino acids. branched-chain amino acids.

Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.

fish peanuts tree nuts soy eggs shellfish wheat milk

When blood proteins are too low,

fluid leaks out of the blood vessels into extracellular spaces.

Typical protein intake among Americans is ______ the RDA.

greater than

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______ such as insulin and glucagon.

hormones

Inadequate intake of essential amino acids may lead to

impaired growth. muscle wasting. slow production of body proteins.

Inadequate intake of essential amino acids may lead to Multiple select question.

impaired growth. slow production of body proteins. muscle wasting.

A(n) ______ amino acid is the essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs and limits the amount of protein a body can synthesize.

limiting

The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs is the

limiting amino acid.

Which of the following meal components contributes most to satiety?

3 oz sirloin steak

Researchers now recommend that adults consume at least _____ grams of protein at more than one meal in order to maintain healthy muscles and bones.

30

What is the RDA of protein for a typical (154 lb.) man?

56 grams

How many amino acids are considered essential?

9

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ___ code.

DNA

It is the role of _____ , located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.

DNA

Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?

Fatty liver Edema Lack of growth

Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?

Fatty liver Lack of growth Edema

______-protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney disease.

High

______-protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney disease. Multiple choice question.

High

______-protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration.

High

Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration?

High-protein

Which of the following are examples of branched-chain amino acids?

Isoleucine Valine Leucine

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?

Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; Italian bread; iced tea Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice

Which foods would supply the body with plant proteins?

Sunflower seeds Soy milk Veggie burgers

How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?

The protein loses its normal biological activity.

Food allergies occur when the immune system perceives a harmless food protein as harmful invader.

True

True or false: A protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.

True

True or false: Amino acids play a role in the synthesis of hormones.

True

True or false: Changing a protein's shape can destroy its ability to function normally.

True

Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and many forms of cancer?

Vegetarians

Which of these foods will a vegan eat?

Watermelon Tofu Vegetable oil

What is the best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids?

Whole foods

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.

cholesterol saturated fat

A(n) ______ protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.

complementary

Mixed diets provide high-quality protein because ______ proteins are being consumed.

complementary

What is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids?

complementary protein

A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by

increasing the production of urea. contributing to kidney stones.

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.

infants

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____..

infants

Protein equilibrium occurs when protein intake

is equal to protein losses.

To meet the RDA for protein, Americans need only to consume about 10% of their total calories from protein. However, the Food and Nutrition Board recommendations allow for 10% - 35% of total calories from protein because

it is easier to plan diets with palatable foods that people are used to eating.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

lack of nutrients. calorie deficiency.

A ______ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.

lactoovovegetarian

Garden peas, soy beans, and kidney beans are all examples of ______, a plant family with pods containing a row of seeds.

legumes

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

marasmus

A ______ diet is best for getting high-quality protein because of the wide variety of foods available to contribute the nine essential amino acids.

mixed

Studies have found that consuming at least 20 to 30 grams of protein at a given meal has positive effects on

muscle protein synthesis.

A(n) ______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

Veggie burgers, peanut butter, soy nuts, sunflower seeds, and soy milk are great ways to get ______ in the diet.

plant proteins

The body needs a ______ protein balance when growing or recovering from illness or injury

positive

Although usually reserved for tissue synthesis and repair, ___ can be used to meet energy needs during prolonged exercise and during calorie restriction.

protein

What macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

Amino acids are the building blocks of

protein.

Almost all enzymes are ______.

proteins

Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.

rarely

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.

saturated fat cholesterol

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

stomach

A(n) ______ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes.

vegan