SNCOA COURSE 14 Set 2

Read the following examples. Identify which example represents a collectivistic or individualistic tendency by drawing a line to the appropriate tendency. 1. A young man gives up his dream of attending college in order to follow his father's request to take over as head chef at the family restaurant. 2. An individual takes the blame for losing a tool while working on a group project. 3. The leader of a group makes the entire group stay late until one group member finishes his work. 4. A young man agrees with his family's opinion on whom he should date simply because he doesn't want to upset his family. 5. A lawyer hesitates to raise her voice in anger because it would bring shame on her law firm. 6. Even though a teenager's mother needs her to help look after her younger siblings, she decides to go meet her friends instead.

1. Collectivism 2. Individualism 3. Collectivism 4. Collectivism 5. Collectivism 6. Individualism

Diversity

A composite of personal characteristics, experiences, and abilities.

Micro-culture

A group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, etc., that's different from the rest of society.

Comprehensive Airman Fitness

A holistic approach to developing overarching Airman fitness and resilience.

Evaluative Mediation

A subject matter expert describes the issue, offers opinions, and suggests options to resolve a dispute.

FMB

Approves budgets, financial plans, and revisions and distributes the annual funding, establishes priorities, and ensures consistency with programs and missions.

Domains of Culture

Broad categories under which humans commonly organize cultural knowledge, beliefs, values, and behavior.

MSgt Campbell's unit is preparing for an inspection. As a result, the duty hours have been increased to include Saturday and Sunday to ensure all checklists have been completed and all programs are ready. On Wednesday, one of MSgt Campbell's Airmen asks for Saturday off so she can attend a preplanned religious event. Even though MSgt Campbell has had to deny other requests for time off, he tells the Airman that she can attend her religious event, but, will have to report for duty a little earlier the next day. She agrees and goes back to work. MSgt Campbell's actions BEST illustrate _____________________________ and its impact on sub-ordinate effectiveness. a. Leveraging Diversity b. The Five Part Transformation Process c. The Importance of Diversity

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, leveraging diversity includes striking the right balance between the need of you people and the needs of the unit's culture/climate and mission. In the scenario, MSgt Campbell was able to meet the Airman's needs (attend her religious event) and the needs of the mission (come in to work early the next day). Since the Airman agrees and goes back to work, his was able to find the right balance. b. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, the Five Part Transformation Process includes Discovery, Assessment, Exploration, Transformation, and Revitalization. This process is used to identify and solve diversity related issues in the organization. There is no indication in the scenario that there is a diversity-related issue that would require MSgt Campbell to use this process. c. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter diversity is important because it is a military necessity and, as a result of its multidimensional nature, allow the Air Force to utilize the unique talents and strengths of its people. There is no indication of this in the scenario.

MSgt Luis is the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center's Superintendent. Two of his section's programmers are in a dispute over which program is appropriate for a new cyber weapon system and MSgt Luis has noticed the timelines for the project continue to slip. MSgt Luis knows these programmers have attempted to come to a mutually satisfying decision many time but the attempts have never been productive. MSgt Luis believes they won't be able to work it out without help. He begins by discussing the issue with each programmer and others in the work center. After realizing he does not have the programming background to provide appropriate choices, MSgt Luis asks MSgt Wayne, an experienced programmer, to mediate the issue with the programmers. The programmers reach a solution quickly and are able to begin developing the cyber weapon system ahead of schedule. This scenario BEST illustrates how __________ impact(s) mission effectiveness. a. Mediation Preparation b. Stages of Mediation c. Dealing with Impasse

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Mediation Chapter, during preparation, you would gather information about the issue in controversy, assess if mediation is an appropriate tool to help the parties, and determine if mediation is a suitable tool to help with the dispute. In the scenario MSgt Luis correctly follows the preparation process and decides he is not the best mediator for the dispute and asks a subject matter expert to assist. b. According to the Mediation Chapter, the stages of mediation start with the mediator's opening statement. In the scenario, this hasn't begun. Because MSgt Luis is only gathering information and deciding appropriateness for mediation this scenario does not illustrate the stages of mediation. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. According to the Mediation Chapter, impasse is the failure to make progress toward resolution, and it's a significant challenge in any mediation. Because the mediation has not actually begun in the scenario, no impasse has occurred to work through. Additionally, no tools to deal with impasse; like reality checking, BATNA and WATNA, and fostering understanding of other's view are illustrated in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

The organization superintendent, MSgt Samson, discusses an upgrade training issue with TSgt Standard who states, "SSgt Sims has not been tracking his Airman's training progression. It is his responsibility as their supervisor to document." Next, MSgt Samson calls SSgt Sims into the office and asks for his side. SSgt Sims says, "I have been really busy, I asked TSgt Standard to document the training and sent him an email with all the info." MSgt Samson's actions BEST illustrates _____. a. gathering information b. mediation appropriateness c. when to offer mediation

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Mediation chapter, the first step of the preparation process involves gathering sufficient information from the all parties. In the scenario, MSgt Samson is gathering information from the parties in preparation for a possible mediation. b. According to the Mediation chapter, you could possibly determine mediation appropriateness from the parties' statements. Although the scenario does not best illustrate mediation appropriateness...which should be used after gathering sufficient information from the parties...it is centered on the gathering information step of mediation preparation. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. According to the Mediation chapter, although mediation can be effective at any stage of a dispute, it's generally accepted that using it early in a dispute carries a greater chance of success. In the scenario, MSgt Samson does not display any actions that would illustrate when to offer mediation. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

MSgt Lime arrived at his new duty section about five weeks ago. He supervises five people. MSgt Lime was just tasked with a short-notice project that requires his section to come up with a solution. As he thinks about the task, MSgt Lime walks around to meet and talk to each subordinate. He asks each one what types of roles he or she likes performing; he actually gives a little insight into what he's after. Completing the walk around, MSgt Lime thinks about the Team Dynamics environment and decides to accomplish this task by incorporating the Team Dimensions Stages process. MSgt Lime's _____ will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. appropriate integration of Team Dynamics; enhance b. inappropriate integration of Team Dynamics; hinder c. effective use of his Creator team role preference; enhance d. ineffective use of his Creator team role preference; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Lime's appropriate integration of Team Dynamics concepts and principles (new people, short-notice project, talk to his people for an indication of role preference, decide on stages to accomplish the mission) will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness because he's taking the lead to guide his team through the stages of Team Dimensions and this should enhance subordinate effectiveness because he's developing people by creating environments for shared experiences, that allow open non-threatening feedback, which foster positive relationships, to expand individual strengths, that generate respect towards one another. b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, see alternative "A" for rationale. c. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, Creators generate ideas during brainstorming sessions, act impulsively, and come up with alternatives. There were no indications of these in the scenario. d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, see alternative "C" for rationale

MSgt Maple was getting impatient. Every time MSgt Black finished his thought, MSgt Maple remembered a previous project that was similar and he already considered an action plan. But this was MSgt Black's fourth idea - and the fourth action plan in less than two weeks. "You've had four great ideas, but I think number three was the best. I already have some ways worked out to help ensure a smooth process; so let's use that one and get on with it," MSgt Maple stated. "But I'm not sure it's right yet," said MSgt Black. MSgt Maple's nonverbals displayed his frustration with the situation. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST illustrates MSgt Maple's team role preference as a/an _______________. a. Advancer b. Refiner c. Flexer d. Executor

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Maple is displaying characteris- tics of the Advancer role. Some of the characteristics include using past experiences and proven methods to advance ideas toward implementation (remembered a previous project and considered an action plan; state how number three was the best; already have some ways worked out for smooth process; let's use that one and get on with it). b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Refiner role focuses on challenging and analyzing topics under discussion, identifying flaws and problems, and being logical and skeptical. MSgt Maple isn't displaying any of these characteristics. c. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Flexer role focuses on filling gaps on the team focused on innovation, monitoring the contributions of all team members, and being tolerant and understanding different members of the team. MSgt Maple isn't displaying any of these characteristics. d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Executor role focuses on a need for clear and focused objectives or guidelines; a desire to pay attention to specifics; and a preference for well-thought out plans to implement. MSgt Maple isn't displaying any of these characteristics.

MSgt Caskey is the Cost Center Manager for her organization. She is very knowledgeable about finance and ensures the organization has the funding required for operation. At a training session, MSgt Caskey said to her replacement MSgt Griggs "We have to submit a document of how we are going to spend the upcoming fiscal year funding. We should list and defend all needed items and services, and the cost. Then, we have to identify and validate items or services that can't be purchased with the current budget." The organization was able to execute a strong budget and have the unfunded request considered. This scenario BEST illustrates how understanding the __________ impacts mission effectiveness. a. Purpose of the Execution Plan b. Budget Execution Review Process c. Spend Plan

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the execution plan main point, the execution plan is an Air Force product used to balance available funding while delivering goods and services to customers. A well-developed plan includes a prioritized list of known unfunded requirements with justification for each unfunded requirement and a spend plan that projects when and how funds will be spent throughout the fiscal year. The scenario depicts MSgt Caskey's understanding of importance of how a well-developed execution plan can impact mission success. By training MSgt Griggs and developing a solid plan, the organization was prepared to execute the budget and be postured for the unfunded request. b. This answer is INCORRECT. There is some evidence in the scenario of Budget Execution Review which, according to the execution plan main point, is a two-part process that occurs twice within each budget cycle. The first part requires every level of command to identify, validate, and prioritize its unfunded requirements, and then submit them to higher headquarters for funding consideration. The second part requires each level of command to review and prioritize (rack and stack) all subordinate command unfunded requirements. The scenario best illustrates MSgt Caskey's understanding of importance of how a well-developed execution plan can impact mission effectiveness. By training MSgt Griggs and developing a solid plan, the organization was prepared to execute the budget and postured for the unfunded request. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is INCORRECT. There is some evidence in the scenario of a Spend Plan, which according to the Execution Plan main point, illustrates how projected funds will be spent over a 12-month FY period. The scenario best illustrates MSgt Caskey's understanding of importance of how a well-developed execution plan can impact mission effectiveness. By training MSgt Griggs and developing a solid plan, the organization was prepared to execute the budget and postured for the unfunded request. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Cox explains to his Security Forces team, "Remember, as we go door-to-door, we may encounter many extended family members living in one space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." Because SMSgt Cox _____, his comments will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. understands collectivism; enhance b. misunderstands collectivism; hinder c. understands individualism; enhance d. misunderstands individualism; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. Because SMSgt Cox understands collectivism, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. The most meaningful definition of family in collectivism is the extended family, consisting of blood relatives of multiple generations and on both parents' sides of the family and in-laws. It is evident that SMSgt Cox understands collectivism by his comments when he says, "Remember as we go door-to-door, we may encounter lots of extended family members in one small space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." b. It is evident that SMSgt Cox understands collectivism by his comments when he says, "Remember as we go door-to-door, we may encounter lots of extended family members in one small space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." Understanding this will enhance (not hinder) the mission. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. Individualism means extended family ties play a less important role in lives. The most meaningful definition of family is the nuclear family which is the parents and children. Although SMSgt Cox is talking about collectivism when he adds the comments, "Remember as we go door-to-door, we may encounter lots of extended family members in one small space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. Individualism means extended family ties play a less important role in lives. The most meaningful definition of family is the nuclear family which is the parents and children. His comments are about collectivism when he says, "Remember as we go door-to-door, we may encounter lots of extended family members in one small space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." See rationale for correct response for additional information.

During a Rapid Improvement Event, SMSgt Black calls TSgt Gilley into her office and says, "It seems like we're all disjointed here so let's generate a graphic which focuses on how everyone is arranged relative to the work and relative to each other. It'll probably show us that we need to rearrange some things." SMSgt Black's comments BEST identify ________________. a. Cell Design/Flow b. Visual Management c. Standard Work d. Value Stream Mapping

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. SMSgt Black's comments are about Cell Design/Flow, which according to the lesson is a visual representation which focuses on designing how workers are arranged relative to the work and to each other. SMSgt Black's comments, "...let's generate a graphic which focuses on how everyone is arranged relative to the work and relative to each other identifies Cell Design/Flow. b. SMSgt Black's comments are not about Visual Management, which according to the lesson is a concept to organize a workplace such that one can visually separate normal from abnormal working conditions. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. SMSgt Black's comments are not about Standard Work, which according to the lesson is defined as the best known way to complete a task and ensures that the same work will take the same amount of resources to achieve the same results every time. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. SMSgt Black's comments are not about Value Stream Mapping which is a simple diagram of every step involved in the material and information flow needed to bring a product from order to delivery. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

While on deployment, TSgt Johnson states, "It seems like our coalition partners are always late...why is that?" SMSgt Cruz responds, "Just be glad they show up at all...in this culture, it's OK to be late for a meeting...unlike it is in the Air Force. If you remember this and remind yourself to not be offended by it, we can meet our mission requirements despite the differences." SMSgt Cruz's comments BEST illustrate her understanding of _________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. chronemics b. haptics c. kinesics d. proxemics

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. SMSgt Cruz's comments BEST illustrate her understanding of chronemics and its impact on effectiveness. Chronemics is the study of how people perceive the use of time and how they structure it in their relationships. SMSgt Cruz's comments best illustrate her understanding of kinesics by her words, "just be glad they show up at all...in this culture, it's OK to be late for a meeting." b. The term "haptics" involves the functions, perceptions, and meanings of touch. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. Kinesics is the technical term for the study of movement and gesture, and it comes from the Greek word "motion" and includes gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye behavior. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. Proxemics is the study of the communicative effects of space or distance. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

Which of the following BEST identifies Professional Methods? Professional Methods... a. involve the actual application of professional knowledge and theory b. encompass a combination of emotional, moral, and intellectual qualities c. include both tangible and intangible measurements of performance

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, professional methods involve the actual application of professional knowledge and theory to any given situation. b. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, professional character involves the combination of emotional, moral and intellectual qualities and behaviors exhibited at all times by all members of the profession. c. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, professional standards are tangible measurements such as quality and quantity of work performed and intangible standards such as ethical behavior, professional relationships and adhering to the core values.

CMSgt Tate calls MSgt Briggs into her office and notifies her that she has been tasked to depart for her third deployment. MSgt Briggs immediately thinks of her two children ages three and eight; obviously she will miss them deeply. Although her husband will take care of them in her absence she begins to wonder how much longer she can continue to deploy this way. Nonetheless, MSgt Briggs is aware of the importance of her leadership role and informs the Chief she will proudly answer her call to duty. MSgt Briggs actions BEST illustrate the core value of __________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Service Before Self b. Excellence in All We Do c. Integrity First

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the Air Force Core Values of Service Before Self tells us that professional duties take precedence over personal desires. b. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the Air Force Core Value of Excellence in All We Do directs us to continuously advance our craft and increase our knowledge as Airmen. c. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, Integrity is simply doing the right thing, all the time, whether everyone is watching or no one is watching.

MSgt Webster is the team leader of a diverse group of people. Sometimes, as a result of their differences, it's hard for her to keep them focused and on task. She has an agenda, a checklist of deliverables, and timelines, but they still don't make any major progress. One day, during a meeting, she observed the interaction of her team. She noticed that two of her team members are from Georgia and no matter the topic, they always seem to side with each other. Three others like to come up with new solutions for the problem and get agitated with those that won't jump on their bandwagon. Finally, two Hispanic team members speak Spanish during the meetings, giving others the impression that they're gossiping about them. As a result of her observations, she decides to have a team meeting, discuss the ways they are all different, and ask each individual for one strength they possess that can help the team move forward. This scenario BEST identifies ________________________. a. multidimensional diversity b. one of the AF Priorities c. diversity as a military necessity

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: According to the diversity chapter, multidimensional diversity includes all the unique ways your people are different. In the scenario, MSgt Webster's members are diverse in the following ways: demographically (two people are from Georgia...two are Hispanic), cognitively/behaviorally (three people are Innovators). b. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter the AF priorities are institutionalizing diversity as necessary to mission success; attracting, recruiting, developing, and retaining high-quality, talented individuals. There is no indication of these in the scenario. c. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, diversity is a military necessity because it provides the Total Force an aggregation of strengths, perspectives, and capabilities that transcends individual contributions. There is no indication of this in the scenario.

MSgt Smith is overseeing newly assigned members of his unit performing routine vehicle checks. Through observation, he notices that some of the members are not conducting the checks as required. Although his Airmen are working, MSgt Smith can tell they're not sure as to what they should be doing. He decides he needs to conduct on-the-job training to bring his members up to speed. Because MSgt Smith _____________, his actions will MOST likely ____________ mission effectiveness. a. understands DDR; enhance b. misunderstands DDR; hinder c. understands Professional Methods; enhance d. misunderstands Professional Methods; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: MSgt Smith decision to conduct on-the-job training represents his understanding of DDR. Direction is critical to early development and helps you learn your job. b. There is no evidence MSgt Smith misunderstands DDR. See rational for correct response and additional information. c. There is no evidence MSgt Smith understands Professional Methods. See rational for correct response and additional information. d. There is no evidence MSgt Smith misunderstands Professional Methods. See rational for correct response and additional information.

MSgt Thomas just conducted a briefing at her organization's commanders call. After receiving the approval from the Airman involved, MSgt Thomas discussed how a recent DUI had affected the unit. She described how the incident caused the Airman to be ineligible for deployment and caused unnecessary strain on the reduced manpower now having to deploy an alternate. The incident has also disrupted the attitudes of the unit personnel, and how they have been less productive due to the change. Lastly, MSgt Thomas discusses how the Airman risked his safety and the safety of others on the road while driving under the influence. MSgt Thomas' discussion BEST identifies ________________. a. Effects of Substance Misuse b. Education and Intervention c. Influence of SNCO Attitude

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. MSgt Thomas' discussion BEST identifies the effects of substance misuse. To begin MSgt Thomas discusses how the DUI effected the mission and readiness by the Airmen not being about to deploy and an alternate having to be tasked. Then, she discusses how morale in the element has degraded causing lowered productivity. Finally, MSgt Thomas discusses how the Airman's put their and others health and wellness in jeopardy. b. This answer is INCORRECT. MSgt Thomas is using the briefing to education others; however, this is not the best answer. There is no intervention or treatment in the scenario. This is a good form of education with the attempt to prevent substance misuse but not the best answer to identify the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is INCORRECT. MSgt Thomas does have a great attitude that will likely influence the organization and reduce future substance misuse issues. However, MSgt Thomas only briefed on a situation that occurred, she didn't model any behaviors that would influence others in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Casey says to his flight, "We've been under a lot of stress for the inspection and I've seen a lot of bickering during the last few weeks. Sometimes, when you're feeling stressed, you may tend to see only the negative. We need to do better. Let's make sure we answer questions with optimistic, helpful feedback." SMSgt Casey's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of social fitness. a. communication b. connectedness c. social support

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. The communication tenet of social fitness is the exchange of thoughts, opinions, or information, including problem-solving and relationship management. It includes responding to others with positive, constructive feedback, even when you're feeling distress, and may tend to see only the negative. SMSgt Casey's comments indicate the communication tenet of social fitness when he says, "Let's make sure we answer questions with optimistic, helpful feedback." b. This answer is incorrect. The connectedness tenet of social fitness reflects the way in which people interact and come together. It accounts for the quality and number of connections we make with other people in our community and also represents connections we make with a place or people of that place. There is no evidence of the social support tenet in Casey's comments. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is incorrect. The type of support that a person receives from those around them and the feeling that they're truly cared for makes up the social support tenet of social fitness. There is no evidence of the social support tenet in Casey's comments. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Tutor says to his flight, "I learned from the Senior NCO DL course we all have principles that form the framework for our approaches and how we see life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals. These should guide us as we approach our next deployment." SMSgt Tutor's comments BEST identify ______________________ tenet of spiritual fitness. a. the core values b. perseverance c. perspective d. purpose

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE a. CORRECT. The core values tenet of spiritual fitness includes organizational values (core values) and also personal values that can help form the framework for our attitudes and how we see/approach life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals. SMSgt Tutor's comments indicate the core values tenet of spiritual fitness when he says, "...we all have principles (values) that form the framework for our approaches (attitudes) and how we see life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals." b. This answer is incorrect. The perseverence tenet of spiritual fitness involves being persistent in your pursuit of a course of action, purpose, state, etc. There is no evidence of the perseverence tenet in Tutor's comments. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is incorrect. The perspective tenet of spiritual fitness represents how you view situations, facts, etc. and how you judge their relative importance...how YOU see things. There is no evidence of the perspective tenet in Tutor's comments. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. This answer is incorrect. The purpose tenet of spiritual fitness represents the reason for which one exists...your calling...your reason for being. There is no evidence of the purpose tenet in Tutor's comments. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Bernard has been tasked by Chief Brock to implement a new program that requires major changes in her organization. Since Brock knows Bernard isn't necessarily comfortable with change, he decides to mentor her. He begins by recommending Bernard take a look around the unit to identify any potential issues that might turn into problems during the transition. If so, she should create a few strategies to address them, just in case. Bernard interrupts by saying she might have a problem getting everyone on board with the change right away. Brock agrees, but says Bernard shouldn't dismiss those that seem resistant...they might see something she doesn't see. Finally, Brock ends by saying he knows the change will be challenging and time consuming, but she shouldn't let her personal life suffer as a result of her professional duties. Bernard agrees and says she feels better about leading the change effort. Chief Brock's comments BEST explain ________and its impact on SNCO effectiveness. a. adaptability b. resistance to change c. requirements for change

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Change Management chapter, Chief Brock's comments best explain adaptability. It includes cognitive flexibility (take a look around the unit to identify potential issues...create a few strategies to address them), emotional flexibility (Bernard shouldn't dismiss those that seem resistant...they might see something she doesn't see), and dispositional flexibility (She shouldn't let her personal life suffer as a result of her professional duties). b. According to the Change Management chapter, resistance to change involves understanding reactions to change and actions you can take to minimize resistance to change. Although SMSgt Bernard said she might have a problem getting people on board (which hint at minimizing resistance to change), Chief Brock's comments reflect adaptability. There is no indication of resistance to change in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. There is no indication that Chief Brock's comments explain requirements for change, which according to the Change Management chapter, include understanding the pressures that drive change and synthesizing requirements for change in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

After attending a unit briefing on how a reduction in deployments will change each section's manning levels, MSgt White immediately goes over the details with his NCOICs. He explains, "I know this is a lot to take in at once. So, let's take a few days to think about it. That way, I can gather more information about how the reduction will impact your subordinates and programs. We'll meet again on Friday and put together a plan. I've already started to think about how I'm going to absorb the cut in our section overall, but we need to look at all programs that could be impacted by the reduction. If you need help between now and then, just let me know." Because MSgt White _____________, his actions will MOST likely ____________ mission effectiveness. a. understands how to minimize resistance; enhance b. misunderstands how to minimize resistance; hinder c. understands pressures for change; enhance d. misunderstands pressures for change; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT. According to the Change Management chapter, MSgt White understands how to minimize resistance. He allows time for the change to sink in (" ...let's take a few days to think about it"), knows why the change is necessary ("...I can gather more information about how the reduction will impact..."), is the change he wants to see ("I've already started to think about how I'm going to absorb the cut..."), and offers to help those struggling with the change ("If you need help...just let me know"). White's actions will most likely enhance mission effectiveness. b. There is no evidence MSgt White misunderstands how to minimize resistance. His comments reflect an understanding of the concepts; therefore will enhance, not hinder mission effectiveness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. According to the Change Management chapter, pressures for change include internal, external, demographics, globalization, and peace. Although MSgt White attended a briefing on manning changes due to a reduction in deployments (which hint at a peace driven pressure for change), his actions indicate he understands how to minimize resistance to change. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. There is no indication that MSgt White misunderstands pressure for change. See rationale for C and correct response for additional information.

The Air Force Core Values, Oath of Enlistment, and DOD 5500.7-R assist us in making sound ethical decisions. a. True b. False

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Air Force Core Values, the Oath of Enlistment, Air Force Instructions, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, DOD 5500.7-R, Joint Ethics Regulation (JER), and AFI 36-2618, Enlisted Force Structure, all assist SNCOs in making sound ethical decisions. b. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Air Force Core Values, the Oath of Enlistment, Air Force Instructions, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, DOD 5500.7-R, Joint Ethics Regulation (JER), and AFI 36-2618, Enlisted Force Structure, all assist SNCOs in making sound ethical decisions.

Which ethical principle serves as a reminder to SNCOs that we must always put truth and honor first, followed by mission accomplishment and our Airmen? a. The Three Ps b. The Three Rs c. The Three Ds

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Three Ps (Principle, Purpose, and People) serve as a reminder to SNCOs that we must always put Principle (truth-telling and honor) first; Purpose (mission accomplishment and duty) second; and People third. However, this does not offer the foundation for the other ethical principles. b. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Three Rs (Rules, Results, and Realities) explain that rules give the ethical guidance, results are the outcome - or bottom-line-consequences - of following or not following those rules, and realities recognize the importance of the situation, circumstances, or realities. c. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Three Ds (Discern, Declare, and Do) state that you must try to discern the truth. At appropriate times, you declare the truth as you have discerned it, and then you do what you have discerned and declared. However, these do not provide the foundation for the other ethical principles.

MSgt Jameson observes SSgt Duris performing an inspection on a newly assigned aircraft. The inspection checklist calls for removing and replacing a part after 90 days of use. Jameson approaches Duris and says, "I noticed you did not change that part even though you signed the checklist. True, the aircraft could fly a successful mission, but what if it crashes because of your actions...would you be embarrassed or humiliated? Also, would you be able to explain this to your family or friends?" Duris apologizes for the short-cut and replaces the part. The scenario BEST illustrates the __________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. use of at least one of Dr. Toner's tests b. the use of at least one of Dr. Toner's supporting principles c. the avoidance of an ethical trap

CORRECT ANSWER: A RATIONALE: a. CORRECT: MSgt Jameson used two of Toner's six tests, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "consists of the best and worst outcomes of your decision." Jameson asks Duris if he could accept the best outcome (successful mission) or worst possible outcome (aircraft crashing). Jameson used The Shame Test (... would you be embarrassed, discredited, or humiliated) and The Community Test (... would you want your family, peers, neighbors, or friends to know.) b. There is no evidence of MSgt Jameson's using any of Dr. Toner's principles in the scenario, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "Dr. Toner's principles give a framework for thinking, acting, and behaving ethically." c. There are no ethical traps in the scenario, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "are confusion, or uncertainty as what action or behavior should be taken." MSgt Jameson was not confused or uncertain of his course of action.

MSgt Smith is two classes shy of completing his Community College of the Air Force Degree. Uncertain about his future in the Air Force he decides to make completion a priority for the upcoming year. He also decides to seek out other opportunities that will help increase his management skills. Looking back he wishes he would have been motived to do so earlier in his career. MSgt Smith actions BEST illustrate ___________. a. Developing Others b. Self-Development c. Direction, Discipline and Recognition

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, developing others is central to your leadership role and allows you to move others to the right side of the continuum. b. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, self-development is the disciplined will to leverage learning opportunities that increase or improve your knowledge, skills and attitudes. c. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, DDR is critical to your early development and helps maintain a high degree of professionalism throughout your career.

MSgt Crawford has been tasked to lead a small team on an upcoming deployment to Senegal. This will be his first time deployed to the region so in preparation he has been studying the cultural environment in an attempt to familiarize himself with the values, beliefs and norms. He is trying to better understand the common way of life of his local counterparts in effort to increase working relations while operating in the area. MSgt Crawford's actions BEST illustrate the ______________dimension of the POA and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Physical b. Intellectual c. Moral

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the POA is physical because warfare is a physical 'business'. As a result, physical strength is necessary in order to endure demanding situations associated with military operations, such as deploying forces over vast distances or moving them through complex environments. MSgt Crawford's attempts to familiarize himself with the local environment reflect the Intellectual Dimension of the POA. b. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the POA is intellectual because military professionals must be culturally aware; sensitive to differences and the implications those differences have on the operational environment. MSgt Crawford's attempt to familiarize himself with the local environment reflects the Intellectual Dimension of the POA. c. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, included in the moral dimension is civilian control of the military. The Armed Forces don't wage war in their own name or under their own authority. Under the Constitution, the decision to use military force belongs to the American people, acting through Congress and the President. MSgt Crawford's attempts to familiarize himself with the local environment reflect the Intellectual Dimension of the POA.

MSgt Carob is sitting in the third team meeting to come up with a solution to a problem the commander tasked her and five other SNCOs to fix. She's a little nervous because she hasn't been able to contribute to the idea pool. When one of her teammates finishes an idea, MSgt Carob realizes that this one could work. She starts thinking of experiences she had with similar issues. MSgt Carob lets the team know that this idea sounds good and that it should be explored further. A couple of the other team members explain some valid reasons why this idea would require some significant modifications. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Carob's team role as a/an _______________ in the P.E.P. Cycle. a. Creator b. Advancer c. Refiner d. Executor

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Creator role in the P.E.P. Cycle would experience short-lived Panic; Elation because of an idea; and Panic again as thoughts of doubt occur. MSgt Carob isn't displaying this cycle. b. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Carob is displaying characteristics of the Advancer role in the P.E.P. Cycle. Some of the characteristics include Panic at first (a little nervous because she hasn't contributed to the idea pool); Elation (she realizes an idea would work, starts thinking of previous experiences, and lets the team know she thinks this idea is good); then Panic (some team members explain some significant modifi- cations are needed). c. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Refiner role in the P.E.P. Cycle would experience Panic because of no ideas right away; Elation when there's an idea presented that can be scrutinized; and Panic again as thoughts focus on the refined idea not being accepted. Even though MSgt Carob is displaying the initial Panic portion (a little nervous because she hasn't contributed to the idea pool) she isn't displaying the rest of the Elation and Panic parts of the cycle. d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Executor role in the P.E.P. Cycle would experience Panic because there's a change occurring; Elation when the implementation plan is ready to be initiated; and Panic again when thoughts focus on believing the plan could be flawed or problems occur during implementation. MSgt Carob isn't displaying this cycle

Demographic Diversity

Socially defined personal characteristics like age, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and geographic origin.

MSgt Spruce is in the fourth team meeting this week. The team has been trying to figure out how to improve pharmacy medication processing. The lines are long for patients to initiate the prescription and wait times are extreme to pick up the prescriptions. Everyone keeps asking MSgt Spruce for an input but he tells them to get a solid plan first. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Spruce's preferred team role as a/an _______________. a. Flexer b. Executor c. Refiner d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Flexer role focuses on everything, can connect and negotiate with all people, and is willing to offer suggestions. MSgt Spruce isn't displaying any of these characteristics. b. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Spruce is displaying the charac- teristics of the Executor role. Some of the characteristics include having little interest in group discussions until specifics are identified (Everyone keeps asking MSgt Spruce for an input; he tells them to get a solid plan first), detail oriented, and finish things and do things right. c. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Refiner role focuses on challenging and analyzing topics under discussion, identifying flaws and problems, and being logical and skeptical. MSgt Spruce isn't displaying any of these characteristics. d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Advancer role focuses on recognizing good ideas and carrying them forward; being talkative, outgoing, and expressive; and being energetic when promoting team objectives. MSgt Spruce isn't displaying any of these characteristics.

In response to a diversity-related problem, SMSgt Porter provides a suggestion to the first sergeant that would require all Airmen in the unit to participate in a series of focus groups that stress the importance of collaboration and fairness. Additionally, he presents an implementation plan that includes a request for an assigned coordinator to oversee and organize the focus groups. He tells the first sergeant that, based on his research, he believes the focus groups can prevent further diversity-related issues in the future. A few months later on the unit climate assessment, the first sergeant noticed that unit morale had increased since the last assessment. This scenario BEST identifies the ____________________ step of the Five Part Transformation Process and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Discovery b. Transformation c. Revitalization

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, the Discovery step of the Five Part Transformation Process involves identifying what your unit is currently doing to increase diversity awareness. This is no indication of this in the scenario. b. CORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Transformation step of the Five Part Transformation Process includes developing a plan to address the root causes of barriers and implementing them. In the scenario, SMSgt Porter presents his solution to the first sergeant along with his implementation plan. c. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter the Revitalization step of the Five Part Transformation Process includes institutionalizing diversity efforts into the unit culture/ climate by locking in the change with policies or procedures. There is no indication of this in the scenario.

Which of the following BEST describes what is meant by diversimilarity? a. The cognitive map that we operate from b. We are different but we are also the same c. Treat others the way they would have you treat them

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, the cognitive map that we operate from describes our worldview. b. CORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, the phrase "We are different but we are also the same" describes diversimiliarity. c. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, the phrase "Treat others the way they would have you treat them" describes the Rainbow Rule.

While teaching a 3C lesson, SMSgt Johnson says, "I learned that people in certain cultures pay more attention to the message's framework and the spoken and nonverbal cues than people from other cultures." SMSgt Johnson's comments BEST identify a/an ________________ style/tendency. a. low context b. high context c. collectivism d. individualism

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. SMSgt Johnson's comments are not about a low context style. When listening to someone speak, people in relatively low context cultures pay more attention to the explicit meaning of the verbal message (versus the verbal and nonverbal cues). See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. SMSgt Johnson's comments BEST identify a high context style/tendency. When listening to someone speak, people in relatively high context cultures pay more attention to the message's context and the verbal and nonverbal cues than people in relatively low context cultures. This is evident in SMSgt Johnson's comments when she says, "people in certain cultures pay more attention to the message's framework and the spoken and nonverbal cues than people from other cultures." c. SMSgt Johnson's comments are not about a collectivism tendency. In collectivism, the most meaningful definition of family is the extended family, consisting of blood relatives of multiple generations and on both parents' sides of the family and inlaws message. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. SMSgt Johnson's comments are not about an individualism tendency. In individualism, the extended family ties play a less important role in lives. The most meaningful definition of family is the nuclear family...the parents and children. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

While using the 8-Step Problem Solving Model during a Rapid Improvement Event, TSgt Williams says, "Now that we have the problem defined, the next step is to start implementing the solution." SMSgt Baldwin replies, "Not necessarily...the next thing we should do is gather data on the problem before we start taking any actions." Because SMSgt Baldwin __________, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. misunderstands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder b. understands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance c. misunderstands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder d. understands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. There is no indication from SMSgt Baldwin's comments that he misunderstands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, which according to the lesson is about gathering data on the problem before taking any action to implement solutions. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. Because SMSgt Baldwin understands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, his comments will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness. Step 2 is "Break Down the Problem/Identify Performance Gaps," which according to the lesson is about gathering data on the problem before taking any action to implement solutions. SMSgt Baldwin indicates that he understands Step 2 by his comment, "...the next thing we should do is gather data on the problem before we start taking any actions" and will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness. c. There is no indication from SMSgt Baldwin's comments that he misunderstands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, which according to the lesson is, "Develop Countermeasures" and deals with a detailed action plan. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. There is no indication from SMSgt Baldwin's comments that he understands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, which according to the lesson is, "Develop Countermeasures" and deals with a detailed action plan. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Browning is MSgt Green's supervisor. Last week, MSgt Green was charged with a DUI by the SFS when driving on base. MSgt Green now seemed very bleak and angry with himself. MSgt Green even offered his car to a new airman. Today the commander officially charged MSgt Green with an Article 15. After the meeting with the commander, MSgt Green turns to SMSgt Browning and says, "My career is done and I'm ready to end all this mess!" After hearing this, SMSgt Browning guides MSgt Green to the first sergeant's office then says, "First Sergeant, keep an eye on MSgt Green." After the first sergeant agrees, SMSgt Browning goes back into the commander's office and says, "Ma'am, I believe MSgt Green is contemplating suicide. We should get him into mental health right now." The commander agrees. SMSgt Browning ensures MSgt Green is not left alone before his appointment and then ensures the first sergeant is there to pick up MSgt Green after the appointment is over. SMSgt Browning's actions BEST illustrate the use of ________________. a. Why Suicide b. Programs and Policies c. Developing a Relationship of Trust

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. While MSgt Green could be having some perceived burdensomeness from his situation, the question is centering on SMSgt Browning's actions which doesn't illustrate the concepts of why people choose suicide. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is CORRECT. SMSgt Browning's actions are illustrating the programs and policies available to get MSgt Green the help he needs. SMSgt Browning notices the warning signs and initiates a hand-off of MSgt Green to the first sergeant, then begins the LPSP program by discussing his concerns with the commander and recommending a mental health evaluation. Finally, SMSgt Browning ensures the hand-off policy is used after the evaluation to safeguard MSgt Green. c. This answer is INCORRECT. While MSgt Green does illustrate some signs of distress, SMSgt Browning's actions don't illustrate the signs of distress, or effective ways to intervene during distress. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Bloom explains to his team, "We've all been under a lot of stress. Since we have some time before our next deployment, we should consider getting involved in activities that help us wind down between these difficult times." SMSgt Bloom's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of physical fitness. a. endurance b. recovery c. strength

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. The endurance tenet of physical fitness is a measure of how long your body can withstand physical demands/stressors and involves stamina. Although SMSgt Bloom's comments do mention "activities", he is not addressing the endurance tenet of physical fitness (activities that help us wind down). See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. The recovery tenet of physical fitness includes the practices you engage in that help to restore energy to your body and counterbalance stress that could result in adverse moods and/or deteriorating performance. The recovery tenet is evident when SMSgt Bloom says, "We should consider getting involved in activities that help us wind down during these difficult times." c. This answer is incorrect. The strength tenet of physical fitness is your ability to generate force and power, thus lowering the relative work your body has to do in order to complete desired objectives. Although SMSgt Bloom's comments do mention "activities", he is not addressing the strength tenet of physical fitness (activities that help us wind down). See rationale for correct response for additional information.

MSgt Keele returned from the unit weekly staff meeting and briefed his people about a new procedure that impacts how EPRs are submitted to the commander. While most of his people just listened, a few begin to express frustration...they argued that it will take more time than the current process. Even though MSgt Keele tried to explain the rationale behind the change, his rationales were countered with statements that support why the change will fail. Since many of them have experience with the unit's current EPR approval process, they presented a new idea they think is better than the one MSgt Keele briefed. This scenario BEST illustrates _________ behavior towards the new procedure. a. Denial b. Bargaining c. Depression

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Change Management chapter, denial includes exhibiting behaviors that indicate your people believe the change won't happen (I can't believe this is happening). There is no indication that MSgt Keele's people are experiencing denial in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. According to the Change Management chapter, bargaining behavior includes attempting to put off the change or recommending alternatives to the change. In this scenario, MSgt Keele's people offer an alternative to the commander's new process they think will work better. c. According to the Change Management chapter, signs that your people are experiencing depression include a decrease in motivation from individuals that are normally motivated (Why should I work hard now...things are just going to change anyway.) There is no indication that MSgt Keele's people are experiencing depression in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

Major Erlbaum, Military Justice Officer in Charge, hands MSgt Franklin, Legal Office Superintendent, an Article 15 and says, "Although I've had this for a month, I was finally able to review it for legal sufficiency. Rather than jeopardize our reputation as having the best metrics in the command, it would be easier to enter last Friday's date into the Article 15 database. Franklin answers, "Sir, rather than implement your simple solution, let's discuss how to prevent this situation from happening again." MSgt Franklin's ___________ will MOST likely ________her effectiveness. a. concern for worry over image; hinder b. lack of concern for worry over image; enhance c. drive for success; hinder d. drive for success; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "Worry over Image is an ethical trap that entails making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation/ standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct." Because MSgt Franklin is not concerned about her image, her lack of concern will most likely enhance her effectiveness. b. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "Worry over Image is an ethical trap that entails making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation/ standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct." Because MSgt Franklin is not concerned about her image, her lack of concern will most likely enhance her effectiveness. c. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, there is nothing in the scenario that indicates Drive For Success, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "is when a decision is made based on a 'win at all cost' attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct." d. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, there is nothing in the scenario that indicates Drive For Success, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "is when a decision is made based on a 'win at all cost' attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct."

When diagnosing ethical dilemmas, SNCOs should ________________. a. diagnose only the dilemmas that are present b. consider the second and third order consequences c. reconcile dilemmas using the 5-Step Process

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, identifying what ethical dilemmas are is only the beginning. It is equally important for SNCOs to diagnosis potential ethical dilemmas as well. b. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, as a leader you should always attempt to anticipate and consider the second and third order consequences when making decisions. c. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, you should use the 5-Step Process to guide you through the ethical decision-making process not to reconcile dilemmas.

____________ are the study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and the study of how we judge those behaviors. a. Morals b. Ethics c. Values

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, morals are values that we attribute to a system of beliefs that help us define right from wrong, good versus bad. Typically, they get their authority from something outside the individual; they come from a higher being or authority. b. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, ethics is the study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and the study of how we judge those behaviors. It is a set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. We characterize people as ethical when they act in ways that are consistent with societal moral values. In other words, the ethics of our decisions and actions are defined societally, not individually. c. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, values are the core beliefs we hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our actions and our interactions with others; what individuals believe to be of worth and importance in their life.

SMSgt Wilson calls SSgt Sanford into her office and says, "I noticed you and your team seem unsure about the new changes we've implemented." Sanford replies, "I know we have to execute the changes. I just think they increase the workload for my team rather than reducing it...I wish we still used the old process." Wilson says, "I understand you and your people aren't comfortable with the changes yet. Let's rally everyone at 07:30 tomorrow morning to discuss it...maybe we can break the implementation up into smaller tasks versus one huge task. Hopefully, that might make things a little easier for everyone". The next day after the morning meeting, Wilson notices Sanford and his team are more comfortable with the idea of the new process. SMSgt Wilson's actions BEST illustrate her understanding of ______ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Roger's Diffusion of Innovations b. Janssen's Model of Change c. Lewin's Phases of Change

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. There is no indication that SMSgt Wilson is using Roger's Diffusion of Innovation, which, according to the Change Management chapter, explains how, why, and at what rate new, innovative ideas are adopted. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. SMSgt Wilson's actions best illustrate her understanding of the phases of Janssen's Model of Change...specifically the Confusion phase. According to the Change Management chapter, the Confusion phase includes indications that your people are starting to accept the change, but are a little scattered or unsure as to what to do next ("seem unsure about the new changes"). They may experience anger due to the loss of the 'old way of doing things' ("To me it creates more work rather than alleviating extra steps...I wish we still used the old process"). In the scenario, Wilson uses some general guidelines for navigating through the Confusion phase, such as get people together and share information ("Let's rally everyone at 0730 tomorrow morning to discuss it..."), and focus on short term goals ("...maybe we can break the implementation up into smaller tasks versus one huge task"). c. There is no indication that SMSgt Wilson is using Lewin's Phases of Changes, which according to the Change Management chapter, includes Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Downing calls TSgt Wilson into her office and says, "Since you're going to be TSgt Carver's sponsor, don't forget the number of deployments he's had lately. This may have caused a lot of stress on him and his family if they haven't been prepared for the changes. Just keep it in mind as you help him out as the sponsor for this unit." SMSgt Downing's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of mental fitness. a. awareness b. adaptability c. decision making d. positive thinking

CORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. The awareness tenet of mental fitness is about self-awareness (the descriptions a person assigns to him/herself) or situational awareness (the knowledge of what's going on around you...accurately interpreting and attending to appropriate cues in the environment). Even though Downing is making Wilson aware, it is not about Carver's self- or situational awareness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. The adaptability tenet of mental fitness is the ability to adapt to changes associated with military life, including flexible roles within the family. This is evident in SMSgt Downing's statement when he says "number of deployments he's had lately" (changes associated with military life), and "caused a lot of stress on him and his family if they haven't been prepared for the changes" (including flexible roles within the family). c. This answer is incorrect. The decision making tenet of mental fitness involves thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors used for evaluating and choosing courses of action to solve a problem or reach a goal. There is no evidence of the decision making tenet of mental fitness in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. This answer is incorrect. The positive thinking tenet of mental fitness involves information processing, applying knowledge, and changing preferences through restructuring, positive reframing, making sense out of a situation, flexibility, reappraisal, refocusing, having positive outcome expectations, a positive outlook, and psychological preparation. There is no evidence of the positive thinking tenet of mental fitness in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

In order to help resolve a dispute between her section NCOICs, MSgt Packard calls them into the office. First, she explains why they are there and ensures they agree to resolve their difference. Next, she communicates why she is a good option to help and explains she does not have a stake in their issue. Then, she discusses guidelines for conduct during their discussion and asks if they can think of any guidelines they would like to implement. Finally, she explains the process they are going to use and thanks them for being willing to resolve the issue. This scenario BEST identifies the_____. a. Joint Discussion b. Parties' Opening Statements c. Mediator's Opening Statement

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Mediation chapter, during joint discussion you should facilitate a conversation between the disputing parties. Effective questioning, using open-ended and follow-up questions, are extremely useful here. You should ask questions that clarify the controver ial issues. In the scenario the joint discussion has not occurred. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. According to the Mediation chapter, during the opening statement, the parties' are given adequate time to speak about the issue at hand and share their interests without interruption. Each party should fully explain the issue, their interests, and positions as they see it so that all parties, including the mediator, understand. The scenario does not discuss the parties' opening statements. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. According to the Mediation chapter, in the mediator's opening statement, you will meet with both parties together for the first time. Begin the session with introductions followed by an opening statement. The purpose of the opening statement is to establish a structure for the mediation session, ensure the parties' understand the mediation process, and gain their commitment to it. In the scenario the mediator, MSgt Packard, gives an opening statement by explaining the reason for mediation, explaining her qualifications, establishing ground rules, explaining the mediation process, and congratulating the parties for being willing to attempt to settle their dispute.

During a break in mediation, SMSgt Lynn discusses a problem with MSgt Beasley. MSgt Beasley aggressively blats, "I'm so tired of MSgt Slater, he's always gone for Top III stuff and when he is here he only works Top III junk too!" SMSgt Lynn says, "If I understand what you are saying, you seem to be upset that MSgt Slater is not pulling his weight because he is always focused on Top III requirements." SMSgt Lynn's ______ will MOST likely _____ his effectiveness. a. understanding of the Reframing; enhance b. misunderstanding of the Reframing; hinder c. understanding of the Rephrasing; enhance d. misunderstanding of the Rephrasing; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Mediation chapter, reframing changes how the person views the situation." In the scenario SMSgt Lynn is not using reframing. His comment only rephrases what MSgt Beasley said but doesn't change how MSgt Beasley views the situation. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. According to the Mediation chapter, reframing changes how the person views the situation. In the scenario SMSgt Lynn is not using reframing. His comments only rephrase what MSgt Beasley said, but doesn't change how MSgt Beasley views the situation. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. According to the Mediation chapter, rephrasing includes paraphrasing the speaker's comments to let him/her know that they were heard and understood by the listener. In the scenario SMSgt Lynn is rephrasing MSgt Beasley's comment prevent misun- derstandings and to reassure Beasley that he is listening to what is being said. Because Lynn properly rephrases the comment he should enhance the communication and increase his effectiveness. d. According to the Mediation chapter, SMSgt Lynn is properly using the tools that encompass dealing with impasse. His actions correlates to the proper understanding of dealing with impasse and should not hinder his effectiveness but enhance it. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

A1C Rico has really been working hard over the last quarter. In fact, he has come to work early to complete assignments which helped the unit mission success rate stay above average. A1C Rico's efforts haven't gone unnoticed. To keep him motivated and hoping to increase the initiative of other unit members, MSgt Smith submits A1C Rico for Airman of the Quarter. MSgt Smith's actions BEST illustrate his understanding of ________ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Self-Development b. Developing Others c. Direction, Discipline and Recognition

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, self-development is the disciplined will to leverage learning opportunities that increase or improve your knowledge, skills and attitudes. b. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, developing others is central to your leadership role and allows you to move others to the right side of the continuum. c. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, DDR is critical to your early development and helps maintain a high degree of professionalism throughout your career.

MSgt Elm is getting ready to go into her first team meeting with three other SNCOs to discuss how to get her unit's DUI rate reduced. During the meeting, she offers several ideas and suggests one that's never been tried before. Over the next 20 minutes there's a stall in moving forward. MSgt Elm got tired of the silence, so she suggests an implementation action plan. Everyone agrees with her and asks her to brief it. This scenario BEST illustrates MSgt Elm's preference for the ________________ Team Dimension Pattern. a. Methodical b. Conceptual c. Spontaneous d. Normative

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Methodical Pattern focuses on rationality, step- by-step processes, along with details and careful considerations. MSgt Elm isn't displaying any of these characteristics. b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Conceptual Pattern focuses on coming up with ideas, not always thinking things through, and concerned about the future state. Even though MSgt Elm came up with new ideas (offer several ideas), this isn't the BEST illustration of the Conceptual Pattern. c. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Elm is BEST illustrating her preference for the Spontaneous Pattern. Someone who prefers the Spontaneous Pattern thinks outside the box (offering several ideas, suggesting one that's never been tried before), focuses on many things at once (offering several ideas, suggesting one that's never been tried before, and suggesting an implementation plan), likes to have respect and influence (everyone agrees with her and asks her to brief it), and leads when team must move forward (tired of silence so MSgt Elm suggests an implementation plan). d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Normative Pattern focuses on addressing consequences, using past experiences, allowing others to take the lead, and questioning ideas. MSgt Elm isn't displaying any of these characteristics.

When MSgt Juniper is in a team environment, she normally gets along really well with people who want to ensure that an idea is the best it can be and prefers to help develop thorough plans that will work because she prefers to limit any modifications later. MSgt Juniper doesn't mind hearing a teammate that agrees with an idea and discusses how it's going to work. She has a hard time listening to those teammates who prefer to just throw ideas out on the table and she doesn't appreciate unclear plans. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Juniper's team role interaction as a/an ______________. a. Refiner b. Creator c. Executor d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Refiner interactions include create a realistic proposal (get along with people who want to ensure idea is best it can be and develop thorough plan that works); recognize the importance of Advancers (don't mind hearing agreement and how the idea's going to work); and like to work with Creators (have a hard time listening to ideas being thrown on the table and don't appreciate unclear plans). Refiner interactions aren't BEST identified by MSgt Juniper's actions. b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Creator interactions include seeking an Advancer to promote ideas (don't mind hearing agreement with the idea); viewing Refiners as slowing down the process (get along really well with people wanting to ensure the idea is the best it can be); and find Executors frustrating due to their expectations for clarity and well-defined inputs. Creator interactions aren't BEST identified by MSgt Juniper's actions. c. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, Executor interactions are BEST identified by MSgt Juniper's actions. Some of the characteristics include tolerating Advancer and working well with Refiners (get along with people who want the idea to be the best and help develop a thorough plan that will work); shying away from Creators because of ambiguous ideas (hard time listening to ideas being thrown out, don't appreciate unclear plans); tolerate Advancers because they use experiences to think through implementation (don't mind hearing someone agreeing with an idea and discussing how it's going to work). d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Advancer interactions include needing Refiners to add more details (get along with people who want the idea to be the best); and being attracted to Creators because of the idea generation (have a hard time listening to ideas being thrown out). Advancer interactions aren't BEST identified by MSgt Juniper's actions.

Sitting at her desk, MSgt Birch recalls the day she met TSgt Blue, the newest member of her "A" flight team. It's EPR time so MSgt Birch is reviewing TSgt Blue's personnel file and notices that her decoration citation states that she initiated 15 new programs during her four-year tour at her previous assignment. MSgt Birch remembers TSgt Blue telling her that she's always considered herself to be at the forefront of change. "I love to think about how to improve things and get my thoughts out to others," she told MSgt Birch. Now, six months later, one of TSgt Blue's coworkers has come to MSgt Birch. He says, "MSgt Birch, the general perception is that every time TSgt Blue is a member of one of the problem-solving teams, she comes into the meetings and starts throwing out ways to fix the problem. As her teammates try to talk to her about her new ideas, she would start again in a new direction. Sometimes she would start working on a new project. This is causing problems with other flight members who expect her to finish what she starts." This Team Dynamics scenario BEST illustrates TSgt Blue's team role preference as a/an _____________________________. a. Refiner b. Executor c. Creator d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Refiner role focuses on challenging and analyzing topics under discussion, identifying flaws and problems, and being logical and skeptical. TSgt Blue isn't displaying any of these characteristics. b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Executor role focuses on a need for clear and focused objectives or guidelines; a desire to pay attention to specifics; and a preference for well-thought out plans to implement. TSgt Blue isn't displaying any of these characteristics. c. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, TSgt Blue is displaying characteristics of the Creator role. Some of the characteristics include generating new ideas and living in a world of possibilities, in addition to, bringing excitement, spontaneity, and optimism; and moving from one subject to another (initiated 15 new programs at last base; love to think about how to improve things and get thoughts out to others; throws out ways to fix problems; talk to her about fixes, she starts a new direction; starts a new project). d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the Advancer role focuses on recognizing good ideas and carrying them forward; being talkative, outgoing, and expressive; and being energetic when promoting team objectives. TSgt Blue isn't displaying any of these characteristics.

The First Sergeant called her six SNCOs into her office and said there was a short suspense project that needed immediate attention. She said the six would be the team to make it happen. When the six met, all were able to come up with some workable ideas and wrote them down on butcher-block paper to keep. One of the ideas was selected as the best option. It was now lunch time. An agreement was made to approach some of the unit members and ask them what they thought about the idea and report their comments after lunch. After lunch, everyone heard the feedback, fixed a few problem areas, agreed on the idea, and started to formulate the plan for getting the new process implemented. Everything was written on the dry-erase boards so it could be transferred to a lessons-learned folder. The next day the team met and ensured a briefing was prepared. After hearing the briefing the First Sergeant thanked the team and the new process started. Based on this Team Dynamics scenario, the outcome of the implementation will MOST likely be _________________ because the team __________________. a. effective; was well balanced. b. ineffective; was not well balanced c. effective; included all of the Team Dimensions Stages d. ineffective; included some of the Team Dimensions Stages

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the outcome will MOST LIKELY be effective but there are no indications that the team was well balanced. b. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the outcome will MOST LIKELY be effective, not ineffective and there are no indications that the team was or wasn't well balanced. c. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the outcome of the implementation will MOST LIKELY be effective because all of the Team Dimensions Stages were followed: the Creation Stage; (everyone met and all six came up with ideas), the Advancing Stage (one idea was suggested as the best option; talk to a couple unit members for feedback), the Refining Stage (heard feedback, fixed problems, started plan), and the Executing Stage (get the plan implemented, briefing for First Sergeant, get it moving forward). Along the way documentation was being accomplished. d. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the outcome will MOST LIKELY be effective, not ineffective and the scenario depicted all of the Team Dimensions Stages, not some of them.

TSgt Hester asks, "Why do the women here in Iraq dress like that? They all wear the same color... black! I'm so glad our culture isn't so restrictive." SMSgt Crews responds, "Their culture doesn't support a lot of freedom of expression. We shouldn't judge their culture just because it's not like ours in the U.S." Because SMSgt Crews _____ domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. understands the Economics and Resources; enhance b. misunderstands the Economics and Resources; hinder c. understands the Aesthetics and Recreation; enhance d. misunderstands the Aesthetics and Recreation; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. Economics and Resources pertain to the ways people allocate, produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. Aesthetics and Recreation refers to people's expression of beauty and style, as well as people's methods of recreation. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. Economics and Resources pertain to the ways people allocate, produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. Aesthetics and Recreation refers to people's expression of beauty and style, as well as people's methods of recreation. There is no evidence that SMSgt Crews misunderstands either domain. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. Because SMSgt Crews understands the Aesthetics and Recreation domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. Aesthetics and Recreation refers to people's expression of beauty and style, as well as people's methods of recreation. It is evident that SMSgt Crews understands the Aesthetics and Recreation domain of culture by his comments when he says, "Their culture does not support a lot of freedom of expression. We shouldn't frown upon someone else's culture just because it's not like ours in the U.S." d. Because SMSgt Crews understands the Aesthetics and Recreation domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission (not hinder). See rationale for correct response for additional information.

While in a deployed location in Afghanistan, TSgt Smiley asks, "Why don't you see any Afghani women in leadership roles here?" SMSgt Green says, "Remember, Afghanistan is a different culture and their views are different than ours...understanding the differences will help you accomplish your mission. Because SMSgt Green __________ domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. understands the Family and Kinship; enhance b. misunderstands the Family and Kinship; hinder c. understands the Sex and Gender; enhance d. misunderstands the Sex and Gender; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. Family and Kinship refers to the ways people recognize relatives and the rights and status accorded to those relatives. The domain covers cultural practices, structures, beliefs, and values. It also includes the relationships with people you treat like family regardless of your actual genetic relationship to them. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. Family and Kinship refers to the ways people recognize relatives and the rights and status accorded to those relatives. The domain covers cultural practices, structures, beliefs, and values. It also includes the relationships with people you treat like family regardless of your actual genetic relationship to them. There is no evidence that SMSgt Green misunderstands this. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. Because SMSgt Green understands the Sex and Gender domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. Sex and Gender often influences or even fully determines their relationship to parts of every other cultural domain, such as their access to resources, their work, the kinds of social and political relations they can enter, and how they can worship. It is evident that SMSgt Green understands the Sex and Gender domain of culture by his comments when he responds to TSgt Smiley's comments about women in leadership roles by saying "Remember, Afghanistan is a different culture and their views are different than ours ...understanding the differences will help you accomplish your mission." d. Because SMSgt Green understands the Sex and Gender domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission (not hinder the mission). See rationale for correct response for additional information.

While developing an implementation plan to address a problem identified during his barrier analysis, MSgt Kirk decides that even though his unit is experiencing an increase in workload, he still needs a team of people to help him put his training idea into action. So, he asks for volunteers and, surprisingly, he receives a great deal of support from the Airmen and senior leadership. MSgt Kirk thinks to himself, "Once we all get together, I can assign tasks so everyone can get involved. This should get the ball rolling on my training idea quickly." MSgt Kirk's _______________ will MOST likely __________ his effectiveness. a. effective use of multidimensional diversity; enhance b. ineffective use of multidimensional diversity; hinder c. effective use of the Five Part Transformation Process; enhance d. ineffective use of the Five Part Transformation Process; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, multidimensional diversity includes all the unique ways your people are different. Even though MSgt Kirk asked for and received volunteers, there is no indication of his use of multidimensional diversity in this scenario. b. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, multidimensional diversity includes all the unique ways your people are different. Even though MSgt Kirk asked for and received volunteers, there is no indication of his use of multidimensional diversity in this scenario. c. CORRECT. In the scenario, MSgt Kirk effectively uses the Transformation step of the Five Part Transformation Process by developing a plan. Additionally, he increases his chances of success by developing a committee and by having the support of the unit's senior leadership. As a result, his actions will most likely enhance his effectiveness. d. Incorrect. MSgt Kirk effectively uses the Transformation step of the Five Part Transformation Process. His efforts will most like enhance, not hinder his effectiveness.

SMSgt Janson, the new flight superintendent, hears that a group of Asian American airmen has been complaining about the work center environment. They feel they're unfairly left out of unit mission planning activities because of their ethnicity. They believe the Caucasian airmen are always invited to participate. As a result, they have lost all faith in the organization and can't wait to PCS. After a few days of thinking, SMSgt Janson asks questions, uncovers the problem, and implements a monthly professional development and pizza lunch event to discuss a variety of issues, ideas, and concerns. At first, the Asian American airmen are skeptical, but after SMSgt Janson starts annotating their comments and concerns, many start to share their ideas. Six months later, the airmen feel more involved and flight morale is at an all-time high. This scenario BEST illustrates _________ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Striking the Right Balance b. Fostering an Inclusive Environment c. The Five Part Transformational Process

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, striking the right balance involves considering the needs of your people and the needs of the organization's culture/climate and mission. There is no indication of this in the scenario. b. Incorrect. According to the Diversity chapter, fostering an inclusive environment includes creating an environment where everyone can thrive. Although an inclusive environment should be SMSgt Janson's overall goal, the scenario best illustrates his use of the Five Part Transformation Process. c. CORRECT. The scenario best illustrates the Five Part Transformation Process. According to the Diversity chapter the steps are: Discovery (asks questions), Assessment (uncovers problems), Exploration/Transformation (implements a professional development event). As a result of SMSgt Janson's use of this process, subordinate effectiveness is airmen feel more involved...flight morale is at an all-time high).

During a continuous improvement team meeting, TSgt White says, "It seems we are asking why the problem occurred over and over again...just for the sake of asking the question! We'll never make any progress on the project if we don't stop to make an educated guess now." SMSgt Brown replies, "Sometimes it's better to ask the why's so you are focused on the real problem and not just the symptoms of the problem. We've seen way too often how our predecessors identified a symptom to the problem which hindered the mission." SMSgt Brown's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of _________ of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model and it's impact on mission effectiveness. a. Step 2 (Break Down the Problem/Identify Performance Gaps) b. Step 3 (Set Improvement Targets) c. Step 4 (Determine Root Causes) d. Step 5 (Develop Countermeasures)

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. SMSgt Brown's comments are not about Step 2 (Break Down the Problem/Identify Performance Gaps) which according to the lesson is about gathering data on the problem. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. SMSgt Brown's comments are not about Step 3 (Set Improvement Targets) which according to the lesson is setting the strategic and tactical targets for improvement. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. SMSgt Brown's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of Step 4 (Determine Root Causes) which according to the lesson uses AFSO21 tools like the Five Whys to get to the root cause versus the symptoms to the problem. SMSgt Brown's comments best illustrate his understanding of Step 4 by his words, "Sometimes it's better to ask the why's so you are focused on the real problem and not just the symptoms of the problem." d. SMSgt Brown's comments are not about Step 5 (Develop Countermeasures) which according to the lesson is about, among other things, creating a clear and detailed action plan. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

TSgt Cox is about to deploy for the first time to a region she's not familiar with. SMSgt Wilson calls Cox into her office and says, "I'm sure you've been taught there are differences between our culture and others around the world. This knowledge can help you get acclimated. Normally, you'll get more specific information about the culture and the people you'll be interacting with the closer you get to your deployment date." SMSgt Wilson's comments BEST identify the ________________ component of the 3C model. a. knowledge b. motivation c. learning approaches

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. SMSgt Wilson's comments are not about the knowledge part of the 3C model. The knowledge part of the 3C model addresses the knowledge of your own culture and the ways it influences your beliefs, values, and thought processes. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. SMSgt Wilson's comments are not about the motivation part of the 3C model. The motivation part of the 3C model is about seeking to be proactive in cross cultural knowledge. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. SMSgt Wilson's comments identify the two learning approaches included as a part of the 3C model. The culture-general approach focuses on an awareness of cultural differences (This is evident in SMSgt Wilson's comments when she says, "I'm sure you've been taught there are differences between our culture and others around the world. This knowledge can help you get acclimated." The culture-specific approach focuses on the specific details of a particular culture (This is evident in SMSgt Wilson's comments when she says, "Normally, you'll get more specific information about the culture and the people you'll be interacting with the closer you get to your deployment date."

While using the 8-Step Problem Solving Model during a Rapid Improvement Event, TSgt Whittaker says, "Shouldn't we look at systematizing our new process? It might help other Air Force agencies to see what we've done." SMSgt Brown replies, "The next thing we should do is look at the new problem that surfaced before we publicize anything. We don't want to make ourselves look bad." Because SMSgt Brown __________, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. misunderstands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder b. understands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance c. misunderstands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder d. understands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. There is no indication from SMSgt Brown's comments that he misunderstands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, which according to the lesson is, "Confirm Results and Processes." See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. There is no indication from SMSgt Brown's comments that he understands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, which according to the lesson is, "Confirm Results and Processes." See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. Because SMSgt Brown misunderstands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, his comments will MOST likely hinder mission effectiveness. Step 8 is "Standardize Successful Processes," which according to the lesson is about standardizing the improvements to ensure the results stick. Step 8, Standardize Successful Processes," is the most commonly skipped and under completed of the entire problem solving process. It is very tempting to take new found knowledge and skills and immediately move on to the next improvement initiative rather than standardize the process. This is exactly what SMSgt Brown does when he says, "The next thing we should do is look at the new problem that surfaced before we publicize anything." d. SMSgt Brown's comments indicates that he misunderstands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, Standardize Successful Processes, and will most likely hinder mission effectiveness. If he understood Step 8, he would have standardized processes rather than moving on to another improvement opportunity. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

After reassignment as a Detachment Chief, SMSgt Mitchell tells his section chiefs, "Because of our new mission, we must be aware of timelines and milestones and be able to manage them well enough to be effective in the near-term and long-term as well. We must plan for the budget changes in the future. Remember, to be effective you must ensure quarterly spending targets are met and documents are submitted to the resource advisor on-time." SMSgt Mitchell's comments BEST illustrate _____ and its impact on SNCO effectiveness. a. Budget Process b. Funding Allocation c. Budget Cycle

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. There is some evidence of the budget process in the scenario. According to the financial management processes main point, the budget process explains how the blue budget is spent and the different funding allocations. The budget cycle is part of the budget process but SMSgt Mitchell is only discussing the budget cycle, not the budget process. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is INCORRECT. There is no evidence of Funding Allocation in the scenario. According to the financial management processes main point, the funding allocation process begins with Congress authorizing funds for military spending each year. Funding allocation is the process of funds traveling from congress to your organizations CCM. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. According to the financial management processes main point, another way to look at the budget cycle is through timelines and milestones. The budget cycle offers concrete dates for determining, analyzing, and prioritizing budgeting actions and decisions. Along the same lines, each budget cycle includes several milestones such as quarterly spending targets, EP submissions, and end-of-year close out.

While working on a team project, TSgt Black asks, "It's amazing to me that our folks are able to overcome all of the stress associated with these deployments...I'd go crazy if I had to deploy that much." SMSgt Lopez replies, "You'd be surprised what you can handle. When you embrace our core values as intended, they can help you deal with the tension that might seem to be unbearable." SMSgt Lopez's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of _________ fitness and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. physical b. social c. spiritual

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE a. This answer is incorrect. Physical fitness is the ability to adopt and sustain healthy behaviors needed to enhance health and well-being. It's aimed at building and maintaining the level of readiness necessary to perform physical activities required to accomplish all aspects of the mission. There is no evidence of physical fitness in this scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is incorrect. Social fitness deals with your ability to engage in healthy social networks that promote overall well-being and optimal performance. It captures your ability to build and maintain social networks in order to deal with distress caused by stressors and demands. There is no evidence of social fitness in this scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. Organizational and personal core values are a part of spiritual fitness. They are useful when dealing with stressors (tension) that might appear to be insurmountable (unbearable). This is evident in Lopez's comments, "When you embrace our core values as intended, they can be help you deal with the tension that might seem to be unbearable."

Which of the following examples BEST identifies the reasons why globalization is a pressure for change? Globalization causes: a. Organizations to try to maintain a competitive advantage by managing and deploying resources; workplace policies and procedures to change based how the organization conducts its activities; changes in leadership philosophies and management styles due to high personnel turnover. b. Changes in policies in programs due to demographic diversity; the requirement for new training programs based on varied religious beliefs and language differences; the development of friction and conflict between demographic groups. c. Increased competition for quality workforces; communication problems due to wider differences in workforce skills, attitudes, and needs; challenges in building cohesion and common purpose because of organizational differences.

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Change Management chapter, these reasons (organizations to try to maintain a competitive advantage by managing and deploying resources; workplace policies and procedures to change based how the organization conducts its activities; changes in leadership philosophies and management styles due to high personnel turnover) are representative of pressure to change based on the internal environment, not globalization. See rationale for correct response for additional information b. According to the Change Management chapter, these reasons (changes in policies in programs due to demographic diversity; the requirement for new training programs based on varied religious beliefs and language differences; the development of friction and conflict between demographic groups) are represWentative of pressure to change based on demographics, not globalization. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. According to the Change Management chapter, increased competition for quality workforces; communication problems due to wider differences in workforce skills, attitudes, and needs; challenges in building cohesion and common purpose because of organizational differences, are representative of pressure to change based on globalization.

Dr. Toner's _________________ Test answers the question, "Will the end justify the means?" a. Community b. Situation c. Consequences

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Community Test answers the question, "Besides your family, would you want your peers, neighbors, or friends to know?" b. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, The Situation Test answers the question, "Could you justify your action because of peculiar, special, or extraordinary circumstances?" c. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, The Consequences Test answers the question, "Will the end justify the means?"

SMSgt Gomez explains to his team, "MSgt Leap was put in the superintendent position because he has a good grasp on acute thinking skills, self-awareness, and he's shown the ability to bounce back from diversity...that's what we need for this position." Because SMSgt Gomez __________ fitness, his actions will MOST likely _________ the mission. a. understands social; enhance b. misunderstands social; hinder c. understands mental; enhance d. misunderstands mental; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. Social fitness deals with your ability to engage in healthy social networks that promote overall well-being and optimal performance. It captures your ability to build and maintain social networks in order to deal with distress caused by stressors and demands. Gomez's comments are not about social fitness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is incorrect. Social fitness deals with your ability to engage in healthy social networks that promote overall well-being and optimal performance. It captures your ability to build and maintain social networks in order to deal with distress caused by stressors and demands. Gomez's comments are not about social fitness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. By practicing skills such as critical thinking, self-awareness, and flexibility, you're more likely to strengthen your mental fitness...making it easier for you to adapt your thinking and emotions to deal with stressors in a way that helps you return to your normal state quicker. This is evident in Gomez's comments when he says, "he has a good grasp on acute thinking skills (critical thinking), self-awareness, and he's shown the ability to bounce back from diversity (flexibility)". His actions will most likely enhance the mission. d. This answer is incorrect. Gomez seems to understand mental fitness so his actions will most likely enhance (not hinder) the mission. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

SMSgt Mullins calls TSgt Lynn into her office and says, "Being able to evaluate a condition, conclude the desired result, and create a route to get there takes work and good resolution. The ability to do so can enhance your mental fitness." SMSgt Mullin's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of mental fitness. a. awareness b. adaptability c. decision making d. positive thinking

CORRECT ANSWER: C RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. The awareness tenet of mental fitness is about self-awareness (the descriptions a person assigns to him/herself) or situational awareness (the knowledge of what's going on around you...accurately interpreting and attending to appropriate cues in the environment). Even though Mullins is making Lynn aware, it is not about self- or situational awareness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is incorrect. The adaptability tenet of mental fitness reflects your ability to adapt to changes associated with military life, including flexible roles within the family. There is no evidence of the adaptability tenet of mental fitness in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. CORRECT. The decision making tenet of mental fitness involves the ability to assess a situation, determine the desired outcome, and chart a path to get there. It takes work and good judgement. This is evident in SMSgt Mullins' statement when he says "Being able to evaluate a condition (assess a situation), conclude the desired result (determine the desired outcome), and create a route (chart a path) to get there takes work and good resolution." d. This answer is incorrect. The positive thinking tenet of mental fitness involves information processing, applying knowledge, and changing preferences through restructuring, positive reframing, making sense out of a situation, flexibility, reappraisal, refocusing, having positive outcome expectations, a positive outlook, and psychological preparation. There is no evidence of the positive thinking tenet of mental fitness in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information.

While in a deployed environment overseas, TSgt Wells sees two guys talking loudly and 'using their hands to talk'. TSgt Wells asks SMSgt Thomas, "Why do they have to do that?" SMSgt Thomas responds, "Remember we're not in the U.S. and using extravagant hand motions to get the point across might be perfectly acceptable to communicate in that manner here. If we remember this, we can be more effective in our communications." SMSgt Thomas' comments BEST illustrate her understanding of _________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. chronemics b. haptics c. proxemics d. kinesics

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. Chronemics is the study of how people perceive the use of time and how they structure it in their relationships. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. Although "haptics" involves the functions, perceptions, and meanings of touch. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. Proxemics is the study of the communicative effects of space or distance. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. CORRECT. SMSgt Thomas' comments BEST illustrate her understanding of kinesics and its impact on effectiveness. Kinesics is the technical term for the study of movement and gesture, and it comes from the Greek word "motion" and includes gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye behavior. SMSgt Thomas' comments best illus- trate her understanding of kinesics by her words, "Remember we're not in the U.S. and using extravagant hand motions to get the point across might be perfectly acceptable to communicate in that manner here. If we remember this, we can be more effective in our communications."

SMSgt Gunther calls TSgt Hancock into her office and says, "From my Continuous Improvement lesson, I discovered lots of AFSO21 tools we can use. One of the tools that would work well for this project is a simple diagram of each step of the material/information flow. It would need to show each step from the time it is ordered to the time we deliver it." SMSgt Gunther's comments BEST identify ________________. a. Cell Design/Flow b. Visual Management c. Standard Work d. Value Stream Mapping

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. SMSgt Gunther's comments are not about Cell Design/Flow, which according to the lesson is a visual representation which focuses on designing how workers are arranged relative to the work nd to each other. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. SMSgt Gunther's comments are not about Visual Management, which according to the lesson is a concept to organize a workplace such that one can visually separate normal from abnormal working conditions. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. SMSgt Gunther's comments are not about Standard Work, which according to the lesson is defined as the best known way to complete a task and ensures that the same work will take the same amount of resources to achieve the same results every time. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. CORRECT. SMSgt Gunther's comments identify Value Stream Mapping which is a simple,diagram of every step involved in the material and information flow needed to bring a product from order to delivery. SMSgt Gunther's comments, "a simple diagram of each step of the material/information flow. It would need to show each step from the time it is ordered to the time we deliver it" identifies Value Stream Mapping.

SSgt Blount, a heavy equipment trainer, will be separating from the Air Force in six months. He's very excited about getting out and starting a new career. MSgt Kersey calls SSgt Blount into his office and informs him that he'll continue to train the new arrivals until his separation date. Upset SSgt Blount says, "This is unfair and will take up too much of my time." Because SSgt Blount ___________, his actions will MOST likely __________ mission effectiveness. a. understands Professional Methods; enhance b. misunderstands Professional Methods; hinder c. understands Professional Standards; enhance d. misunderstands Professional Standards; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. There is no evidence Blount misunderstands Professional Methods. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. There is no evidence Blount understands Professional Methods. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. There is no evidence Blount understands Professional Standards. See rational for correct response for additional information. d. CORRECT: SSgt Blount's comments, "This is unfair and will take up too much of my time" reflect a professional standard values conflict. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, a values conflict occurs when personal values conflict with those of the institution.

MSgt Gilbert is leading a SAPR small group session in his organization. During a group discussion SSgt Mcfate asks to be excused to go to the bathroom. MSgt Gilbert allows him to leave and continues the discussion with the group. After SSgt Mcfate returns the conversation transitions to supporting the victim after a sexual assault has occurred. SSgt Mcfate is visibly uncomfortable and asks to be excused from the session. MSgt Gilbert explains that the group session is mandatory and he will not get credit for attendance if he leaves. MSgt Gilbert's misunderstanding of _______ response will MOST likely _______ subordinate effectiveness. a. immediate; enhance b. immediate; hinder c. long-term; enhance d. long-term; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. In the scenario MSgt Gilbert is not responding to an allegation or act of sexual assault. Immediate response includes ensuring the victims safety and well-being then contacting the SARC. While SSgt Mcfate may receive more information from being coerced to staying at the small group session, it will likely trigger past experiences of a sexual assault. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is INCORRECT. See rationale for answer (a) and correct response for additional information. c. This answer is INCORRECT. While this situation does reflect the long-term response to sexual assault it will not enhance SSgt Mcfate's effectiveness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. This answer is CORRECT. MSgt Gilbert does not have a firm understanding of long-term response to sexual assault. Because he doesn't excuse SSgt Mcfate from the group discussion he will likely relive a past experience of sexual assault that will hinder his effectiveness. According to the individual involved in a sexual assault section, long-term response includes understanding how victims respond to past sexual assaults and the triggers that may cause them to "relive" that traumatic experience. Knowing and caring for your wingmen in the organization can ensure they are not suffering in silence when reliving a past experience of sexual assault.

MSgt Gordon is in charge of assigning the additional duties in her element. During a casual conversation with TSgt Sage, who is a section NCOIC within the element, MSgt Gordon mentions she needs to find a replacement Emergency Management Representative for the organization. After thinking about it TSgt Sage replies "I just gave up my additional duty, and I have never managed the Emergency Management program. That would look good on my next EPR." MSgt Gordon smiles and says, "If you take me out tonight and show me a good time, I'll recommend you for the position." MSgt Gordon's _________ will MOST likely ________________ her effectiveness. a. unlawful discrimination; enhance b. unlawful discrimination; hinder c. unlawful harassment; enhance d. unlawful harassment; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. In the scenario, MSgt Gordon is not discriminating against TSgt Sage. According to the EO systems section, in the military EO context, discrimination is any unlawful action that denies equal opportunity to persons or groups based on their race, color, sex, national origin, or religion. Also, MSgt Gordon's comments are not likely to enhance her effectiveness. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is INCORRECT. See rationale for answer (a) and correct response for additional information. c. This answer is INCORRECT. While MSgt Gordon's comments are a form of unlawful harassment, they will not enhance her mission effectiveness. According to the EO systems section, commanders and supervisors at every level should take steps to prevent sexual harassment from occurring. Clearly communicate to employees that sexual harassment will not be tolerated. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. This answer is CORRECT. MSgt Gordon's comment is a violation of unlawful harassment. MSgt Gordon is in a supervisory position and is offering an additional duty (condition of employment) for sexual favors. According to the EO systems section, Unlawful harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature particularly when submission to such conduct is made directly or indirectly as a term or condition of employment, and/or when submission to or rejection of such conduct is used as a basis for an employment decision affecting the person.

SMSgt Edward, the 30th LRS Superintendent, is working with a contractor in late August. SMSgt Edward tells the contractor "We really need to get this vehicle yard enclosed. We have had two vehicles vandalized and civilians keep bringing their privately owned vehicles to the government wash rack! I know the plans you have will work. Go ahead and start the process and we will get the funding squared away in October when the job is done." SMSgt Edward's ______ will MOST likely _____ SNCO effectiveness. a. understanding of the Execution Plan; enhance b. misunderstanding of the Execution Plan; hinder c. understanding of the Anti-Deficiency Act; enhance d. misunderstanding of the Anti-Deficiency Act; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. There is no information in the scenario that applies to the EP, which according to the EP main point "is a paper or electronic product used to identify mission critical funded requirements, unfunded requirements, and outlines how the current funds in your organization will be spent." See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is INCORRECT. There is no information in the scenario that applies to the EP, which according to the EP main point "is a paper or electronic product used to identify mission critical funded requirements, unfunded requirements, and outlines how the current funds in your organization will be spent." See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is INCORRECT. SMSgt Edward does not understand the Anti-deficiency Act and his actions will not enhance his effectiveness as a SNCO. Because SMSgt Edward obligated funds that have not been allocated to his organization he is breaking the out-of-cycle use common trouble area, with according to the ADA main point "It is prohibited to obligate unallocated funds to purchase items, equipment, supplies, services, and contracts to be used in the next FY." See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. CORRECT. SMSgt Edward's misunderstanding of the Antieficiency Act will MOST likely hinder SNCO effectiveness. Because SMSgt Edward does not know the law he is planning to obligate funds in access of an apportionment or reapportionment, which would be a direct violation of U.S.C. Title 31 § 1517. "It is prohibited to obligate unallocated funds to purchase items, equipment, supplies, services, and contracts to be used in the next FY."

MSgt Nagle is the superintendent of a flight of 50 people. As a result of a newly published Air Force Instruction, she has to implement changes to processes people have been doing for a long time. She knows she's going to face major resistance, so she decides to give a pre-brief to a few selected people instead of telling everyone in the flight all at once. She feels this smaller, well respected group, tends to adapt to change well and seems to have the ability to 'sell' change to more resistant individuals easier. Even though she knows some people will be upset because they didn't hear about the change early, she believes that by targeting and pre-briefing certain individuals first, she can minimize resistance and get the change implemented faster. MSgt Nagle's decision to target the ____________ will MOST likely _________ her change effort. a. innovators; hinder b. innovators; enhance c. early adopters; hinder d. early adopters; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. According to the Change Management chapter, innovators are those people in your organization that see potential and opportunity in almost any situation. They adopt change the fastest and are likely to be more adventurous than the others. Although the innovator group is also small (like the early adopter group) there is no indication MSgt Nagle is targeting this group in the scenario. See rational for correct response for additional information. b. There is no indication MSgt Nagle is targeting the innovator group in the scenario. See rationale for response A and correct response for additional information. c. While MSgt Nagle does target the early adopter group, her actions will most likely enhance, not hinder her change effort. See rationale for correct response for additional information. d. CORRECT. MSgt Nagle targets the early adopters. According to the Change Management chapter, they are usually your social and opinion leaders (well respected...have the ability to 'sell' change to more resistance individuals easier). To appeal to this group, you need to provide information about the change (she provides a pre-brief). As a result of her actions, she will most likely enhance her change effort.

During a feedback session with MSgt Gray, CMSgt Lovell says, "I don't know how you've done it, but since your arrival, I've noticed your flight members tend to have a sense of enthusiasm, common purpose, and confidence in the future of this organization." Gray responds, "I believe it is the collective actions, decisions, and behaviors of my flight members that are causing a more positive, more ethical climate throughout the organization." Lovell replies, "Well, whatever you think it is, keep it up." MSgt Gray's __________ will MOST likely __________his effectiveness a. failure to understand military ethics; hinder b. understanding of military ethics; enhance c. failure to understand tipping; hinder d. understanding of tipping; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: D RATIONALE: a. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Military Ethics deal specifically with those values and expected rules of the profession that are appropriate to actions taken within the military environment. The American military ethic is designed to put principle above self-interest. Nothing in the scenario addresses this concept; therefore, there is not enough information to determine whether MSgt Gray understands Military Ethics. b. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Military Ethics deal specifically with those values and expected rules of the profession that are appropriate to actions taken within the military environment. The American military ethic is designed to put principle above self-interest. Nothing in the scenario addresses this concept; therefore, there is not enough information to determine whether MSgt Gray understands Military Ethics. c. MSgt Gray does understand tipping, which according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Tipping is about moving the climate of an organization toward a positive/ethical climate. "The climate of an organization is determined by the collective actions, decisions, and behaviors of its members. As organizations move toward a more positive/ethical climate, a sense of enthusiasm, common purpose, and confidence in the future begins to accelerate the tipping effect. At this point, professional actions, decisions, and behaviors directed toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives become the norm. d. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Tipping is about moving the climate of an organization toward a positive/ethical climate. "The climate of an organization is determined by the collective actions, decisions, and behaviors of its members. As organizations move toward a more positive/ethical climate, a sense of enthusiasm, common purpose, and confidence in the future begins to accelerate the tipping effect. At this point, professional actions, decisions, and behaviors directed toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives become the norm.

Religious Diversity

Every Airman is free to practice the religion of their choice or subscribe to no religious belief at all.

Cognitive/Behavioral Diversity

Differences in styles of work, thinking, learning, and personality.

CRA

Directs work by subordinate functions that, in turn, use resources to do that work.

RCM

Directs work by subordinate functions that, in turn, use resources to do that work.

ADR

Encompasses many different ways to resolve issues in controversy.

TFF Domains

Fitness categories designed keep service members resilient in an environment of sustained deployments and combat operations.

NPSC

Includes five negotiation strategies that can be used to win acceptance and ensure key relationships aren't destroyed.

Organizational/Structural Diversity

Interaction between military service component, occupations, and career fields.

Global Diversity

Involves the intimate knowledge of, and experience with, foreign languages, cultures, coalition partners, and foreign nationals whom one interacts with.

MSgt Merk was just briefed her unit is adopting a new process for routing helpdesk trouble tickets. She became upset since a great deal of effort was spent getting her new airmen proficient at using the current process. Immediately, she thought about developing plans to address the change, but decided to talk with her mentor, SMSgt Bellard first. He reminded her to be more optimistic about the change, especially when trying to get her people on board. She agreed but also added that she has to be realistic with them about how difficult the change will be. After her discussion with SMSgt Bellard, she decided to talk with her people to find out what concerns they may have about the new process before taking action. MSgt Merk's actions BEST illustrate the use of ______________Flexibility. a. Cognitive b. Emotional c. Dispositional

ORRECT ANSWER: B RATIONALE: a. According to the Change Management chapter, cognitive flexibility includes actions such as being curious (finding out what's happening in the organization), having a plan (to address potential problems), and committing to learning (being involved in continuous education to develop and hone your cognitive abilities). Although MSgt Merk thought about developing plans (which hints at cognitive flexibility), there is no indication that she used cognitive flexibility in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. CORRECT. According to the Change Management chapter, emotional flexibility involves using your support systems (talking with her mentor, SMSgt Bellard), facing reality (being optimistic and realistic about change), and listening (finding out what concerns her people may have). Although MSgt Merk thought about developing plans to address the change (which might hint at cognitive flexibility), she decided to talk with her mentor instead. c. According to the Change Management chapter, dispositional flexibility includes immersing yourself (jumping in to meet new people involved with the change), accepting change as positive (looking for benefits of change), and rehearsing (taking time to practice new skills and behaviors). Although MSgt Merk went to see her mentor SMSgt Bellard, she didn't perform as a mentor or coach to her people (which is a behavior associated with dispositional flexibility) in the scenario. See rationale for correct response for additional information

Stakeholders

Outside parties who have a vested or personal interest in the initiation, processing, and resolution of an existing dispute.

5 Cs

Positive behaviors that are essential to developing a healthy sense of self and the ability to effectively interact with others.

Cross Cultural Competence

The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, then appropriately and effectively act across all cultural environments without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language.

Resilience

The ability to withstand, recover and/or grow in teh face of stressors and changing demands.

Culture

The creation, maintenance, and transformation across generations of semi- shared patterns of meaning, sensemaking, affiliation, action, and organization by groups.

Apportionment

The distribution makes amounts available on the basis of time periods, programs, activities, projects, objects, or combinations thereof.

Power distance

The extent to which the less powerful members of a culture accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Ethnocentrism

The human tendency to negatively judge other cultures (beliefs, values, etc.) by the values and assumptions of your own. This may cause you to see the other culture as inferior to your own.

Holism

The idea that all aspects of culture are interconnected and integrated where a change in one area may affect change in another area.

Macro-culture

The most powerful or most widely practiced cultures in a particular society.

Paralanguage

The non-verbal features that accompany speech and contribute to communication but aren't considered part of the language system.

CC

The organization that gathers and distributes cost data.

Worldview

The overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world...a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or a group.

Allocation

The process of distributing resources.

Total Force Fitness

The state in which the individual, family, and organizaiton can sustain optimal well-being and performance under all conditions.

Cultural Relativism

The tendency to understand people's beliefs and practices within the context of their culture, rather than from your own cultural point of view.

Facilitative Mediation

When an active third party volunteer enhances communication and encourages the parties to discuss matters freely.