soc 101

The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning:

"thinking person"

the pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was:

Emile Durkheim

The language spoken by people in more nations of the world than any other is:

English

today, most immigrants to the United States arrive from:

Latin America and Asia

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value free was:

Max Weber

Drawing conclusions about all of humanity based on information drawn only from males describes the problem called:

Overgeneralization

Which of the following most closely conveys the point of the Sapir- Whorf thesis?

People perceive the world through the cultural lens of language.

Which of the following is NOT found within the American Sociological Association's Guidelines for ethical research?

Researchers must always perform their research several times in order to ensure its accuracy.

A smaller number if people used to represent an entire population is called a:

Sample

The theoretical paradigm in sociology that assume society is complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the:

Structural-functional paradigm

which theoretical paradigm is closest too the work of early sociologist Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim?

Structural-functional paradigm

The dominant values of the U.S. culture share which of the following?

a belief in individuality

Imagine that you were going to measure the age of a number of respondents taking part in a survey. As you record the data, you are using the concept "age"

a variable

Which of the following is a way in which people can mislead others with statistics?

a. People use graphs to the "spin" truth. b. People select the data they present. c. People interpret the data to lead their readers to a desired conclusion. D. All of the above are correct.

Family is important to the socialization process because

a. families give children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion b. parents greatly affect a child's self-concept. C. All of the above are correct.

Sociologist cannot precisely predict any persons behavior because:

a. humans may respond to the presence of an observer in unexpected ways. b. Human behavior is highly complex and has many causes. c. Social patterns that are found in one time and place may not be found in other D. All of the above are correct.

Taken together, the cases of Anna, Isabella and Genie provide strong evidence that:

a. social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality. b. both social experience. and the presence of the birth mother are crucial to early development. c. the effect of long-tel1 Jl social isolation can be overcoming relatively short time. D. All of the above are correct.

While most of todays sociologist agree with August Comte that science is a crucial part of sociology we also recognize that:

a.human beings are partly creativeand spontaneous. b.human behavioris often more complexthan natural phenomena. c.no rigid "laws of society" hold everywhereand at all times D.All of the above are correct.

In a questionnaire, the question, "Please express your opinions about the threat of terrorist attacks at home," is an example of which of the following?

an open-ended format

Sociologist define a symbol as

anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture

Which perspective developed by the psychologist John B Watson claims human behavior is not instinctive but learned within a social environment?

behaviorism

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages:

challenging commonly held beliefs

Jean Piaget's focus was on

cognation: how people think and understand

Sociologists claim the main reason that many young people in the United States experience adolescence as a time of confusion is:

cultural inconsistency in defining this stage of life as partly childlike and partly adult-like.

Counterculture refers to;

cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.

THe practice of persons from one culture judging any other culture by its own standards is called/

cultural relativism

(CHAPTER 3)What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life?

culture

To evaluate a theory, sociologist:

gather date or facts.

Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the ______ in the _____ .

general; particular

Carol Gilligan's work on the issue of self-esteem in girls showed that:

girls begin with high levels of self-esteem, but it gradually decreases as they go through adolescence.

Sociology differs from earlier philosophy by focusing on:

how society actually operates

In terms of human freesom, the chapter on socialization leads to the conclusion that:

human beings can never be free of society

"An unverified statement of a relationship between variables" is the definition of which term?

hypothesis

Our basic drive as humans is reflected in Freud's concept of:

id

The United States is multicultural because:

in this country we find many different languages and ways of life.

C. Wright Mills pointed out that sociological awareness tends to be more widespread:

in times of crisis

According to Comte, people begin to see society as a natural--rather than a supernatural -- phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development?

metaphysical stage

The largest number nations in the world (about 90 of a total of 192) falls into which category.

middle- income nations

(CHAPTER 2) The sociological perspectives reveals that:

much of what passes for "common sense" in the United States turns out to be at least partly wrong

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred-to as:

nonmaterial culture

The social sciences, including sociology, developed based on the idea that:

nurture is human nature

Patterns of socialization vary by class; in child-rearing, lower-class parents stress, ______ while well-to-do parents stress ______.

obedience and creativity

When Cooley used the concept of the "looking-glass self," he claimed that

people see themselves as they think others see them

What is the term for a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking and feeling?

personality

Jean Piaget called the level of development at which individuals first use language and other cultural symbols the ______ stage.

preoperational

The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to the spouses is an example of ______ culture, while the fact that most adults acknowledge the importance of sexual fidelity is an example of _______ culture.

real; ideal

Which sociological research method saves the time and expense of data gathering, but the researcher has no control over possible data bias?

secondary analysis

Mead placed the origin of the self on

social experience

The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is the:

social-conflict paradigm

Campus poets computer nerds and jazz musicians all display ____ patterns.

subcultural

(CHAPTER 1) The statement that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the seasons influence activities and clothing describes:

the essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology

Herbert Spencer described human society as having much in common with:

the human body

What term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers?

the mean

Two variables are said to display correlation if:

they vary together

A Marxist analysis of U.S. culture suggest that our competitive and individualistic values reflect:

this nation's capitalist economy

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to

to radically alter a person's personality or behavior

Inductive logical thought involves

transforming specific observations into general theory

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called:

values

In the process of measurement, reliability refers to:

whether repeating the measurement yields consistent result.

In the United State today, the suicide rate is highest for which category of people noted below?

white males